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1. VITAL Statistics
PRESENTED BY:
Ms. Sweta K. Gaude
M.Sc.(N) 1st year
SDM INS

2. VITAL STATISTICS
DEFINATION:
Vital statistics are conventionally
numerical records of marriage, births,
sickness, & death by which the health &
growth of community may be studied.
OR
It is a branch of biometry deals with data
& law of human mortality, morbidity&
demography.

3. MATERNAL MORTALITY
DEFINITION OF MATERNAL MORTALITY:
Death of a woman while pregnant or
within 42 days of the termination of
pregnancy irrespective of the duration
and the site of pregnancy, from any
cause which is being aggravated by
the pregnancy or its management.

4. MATERNAL MERTALITY RATIO(MMR)
 The MMR is expressed in terms of such
maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
 MMR= Maternal death x1000,000
Number of live birth
 In the most of the developed countries,
the MMR varies from 4-40 per 1000,000
live births.
 In the developing countries, it varies from
100-700 with India having about 254 per
100,000 live births.

5. MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
DEFINATION:
 The number of maternal deaths divided by the
number of women of reproductive age (15-49).
 It is expressed per 1000,000 women of
reproductive age per year.
 In India it is 120 as compared to 0.5 in the
United States.
MMR= Number of Maternal Deaths x1000,000
Number of women of
reproductive age (15-49yrs).

6. CAUSES OF MATERNAL
MORTALITY RATE
It is divided into 3 types
 Direct
 Indirect
 Non-obstetric
1) Direct Causes (75%):
 Pre-eclampsia
 Eclampsia
 Abortions
 Antepartum hemorrhage
 Post partum hemorrhage
 Puerperal sepsis
 Ectopic pregnancy
 Suicidal death are consider as direct death

7. 2) Indirect Causes (25%):
Include conditions present before or
developed during pregnancy but
aggravated by the physiological effects
of pregnancy & stain of labor.
Thyroid disease
Cardio-vascular disease
Diabetes
Anemia
Hypertension
Viral hepatitis

8. 3) Non-Obstetric Causes (5%):
 Accidents
 Typhoid
 Other infectious diseases.
REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY:
o Basic antenatal, intranatal, & postnatal care
o A skilled attendant
o Emergency obstetric care
o Good quality obstetric services
o Prevention of unwanted pregnancy & unsafe
abortion.
o Frequent joint consultation
o Maternal mortality conferences
o Periodic refresh courses

9. MATERNAL MORBIDITY
DEFINITION:
Obstetric Morbidity originates from any cause
related to pregnancy or its management any time
during antepartum, intrapartum, & postpartum
period usually upto 42 days after confinement.
 The Parameter Of Maternal Morbidity Are:
1) Fever more than 100 degree F or 38 degree C
& continuing more than 24 hours
2) Blood pressure more than 140/90 mmHg;
3) Recurrent vaginal bleeding;
4) Hb% less than 10.5g irrespective of gestational
period; &
5) Asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnancy.

10. CAUSES
I. DIRECT OBSTETRIC MORBIDITY:
 Temporary
 Permanent
II. INDIRECT OBSTETRIC MORBIDITY:
1) Direct Obstetric Morbidity – Temporary:
 APH
 PPH
 Eclampsia
 Obstructed labor
 Ruptured uterus
 Sepsis
 Ectopic pregnancy
 Molar pregnancy, etc..

11. Permanent (Chronic):
VVF (vesicovaginal fistula)
RVF (Rift valley fever)
Dyspareunia
CPT
Prolapse
Secondary infertility
Obstetric palsy
Sheehan’s syndrome, etc

12. II. INDIRECT CAUSES:
These conditions are only
expressions of aggravated previous
existing diseases like
 Malaria,
 Hepatitis,
 Tuberculosis,
 Anemia, etc. by the change in
various system during pregnancy.

13. 3) REPRODUCTIVE
MORBIDITY:
 Is used in a broader sense to
include-
a) Obstetric morbidity
b) Gynecological morbidity &
c) Contraceptive morbidity

14. PERINATAL MORTALITY
DEFINATION:
 Perinatal mortality is defined as
deaths among fetuses weighing 1000g
or more at birth (28 weeks gestation)
who die before or during delivery or
within the first 7 days of delivery.
PMR= Early neonatal deaths + still birth
x1000
Total birth (Live birth + Still birth)

15. CAUSES
 Pre-term
 Respiratory distress syndrome
 Poor maternal health
 Inadequate care during pregnancy & delivery
 Poor hygiene
 Lack of newborn care
 Nutritional status
 Early child bearing
 Too many closely spaced pregnancy
 Inadequate cord care
 Lating the baby stay wet or cold
 Discarding colostrum instead of feeding
 Sudden accidental hemorrhage during delivery
 Multiple pregnancy
 Congenital malformation

16. STILL BIRTH:
DEFINITION:
A stillbirth is the birth of a newborn after
28th completed week (weighing 1000g or
more) when the baby does not breath or
show any sign of life after delivery.
OR
It is a dead born fetus. Death of fetus occur
prior to expulsion or extension from the
mother.
Still Birth= Number of still deaths x1000
Number of birth
(live birth + still birth)

17. CAUSES:
 Birth asphyxia & trauma
 Pregnancy complications
 Fetal congenital malformations &
chromosomal anomalies
 Infection
 Cause unknown

18. NEONATAL DEATHS
 DEFINITION:
Neonatal death is the death of the infant
within 28 days after birth.
NMR = Number of neonatal deaths
within 28 days x1000
Total number of live birth

19. CAUSES
 The causes of death within 7 days are
almost always obstetrically related &
as such stillbirths & neonatal deaths
within 7 days are grouped together as
perinatal deaths.
 About two-thirds of the neonatal
deaths are related to prematurity.

20. FERTILITY RATE:
DEFINATION:
According to WHO: Fertility Rate in simple
terms refers to total number of children born
or likely to be born to a women in her life
time if she were subject to the prevailing
rate of age specific fertility in the population.
Fertility Rate= Number of live births x1000
Number of women aged 15-45
in a calendar year