This document discusses the use of grammatical signals for different patterns of idea development in writing. It defines grammatical signals as writing devices that maintain text coherence, such as transitional words and phrases. It then explains five common patterns of idea development: general to particular, cause and effect, claim and counterclaim, problem-solution, and persuasion. For each pattern, it provides examples and lists grammatical signals that can be used to link ideas in that structure. It concludes by instructing readers to divide into groups and complete activities applying the different patterns and signals.

1. USE OF APPROPRIATE
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS
FOR EACH PATTERN OF IDEA
DEVELOPMENT

2. DEFINITION OF TERMS
GRAMMATICAL
SIGNALS
Are writing devices such
as transitional devices,
connectors, determiners,
and repetitions that are
used to maintain text
coherence.
IDEA DEVELOPMENT
Idea development is
done by organizing ideas
in a logical and clear
manner that suits the
writer’s purpose.
PATTERNS OF IDEA
DEVELOPMENT
Refer to the structure of
writing on how the ideas
are being presented.

3. 01
GENERAL
TO PARTICULAR

4. It discusses the general topic by
presenting specific details that support it.
The writer starts with the general idea
stated in the topic sentence. Then, it is
elaborated and explained through specific
details and examples.

5. Getting college education in a private school in the
Philippines is expensive because of several reasons. First,
the college tuition fees, and miscellaneous fees range from
P10,000 to even more than P100,000.00 (depending on the
academic program being undertaken). Second, the books
are costly. Third, materials and other school supplies are
also costly. Finally, there are also special fees. The fees that
college students pay seem not only endless but also
increasing in prices as well.

6. also, for example, as an example, in
addition to, for instance, examples of these,
first, second, third, next, on the one hand,
and on the other hand,
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR GENERAL-TO-
PARTICULAR:

7. 02
CAUSE
AND
EFFECT

8. It discusses an event that is caused by
another event or the causes or effects of
something.

9. GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR CAUSE AND
EFFECT:
For expressing
CAUSES
because, causes, creates, due to,
for this reason, if this…then, leads
to, on account of, produces, since,
this
For expressing
EFFECTS
as a result, consequently, hence, in
effect, resulting, since, therefore,
thus

10. “Ferlyn studied hard for her English exam.
As a result, she got a perfect score.”

11. 03
CLAIM
AND COUNTERCLAIM

12. This pattern of idea development refers to
the structure of presenting a side of an
issue in an argumentative manner.

13. CLAIM
Writer’s stand on the topic supported by
evidence and logical reasoning.

14. COUNTERCLAIM
Opposite stand of an issue to disprove it
through evidences and logical reasoning.

15. Many claim that one does not need to go to college to be
successful.
While it is true for some, many will agree with the notion that
a college education results in better employment.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 73
percent of young adults with a bachelor’s degree worked full time,
year-round, in 2014, compared to 64 percent of young adult high
school graduates.
Therefore, it can be said that a college education is a pre-
requisite to achieving success in life.

16. however, nevertheless, on one hand, on the
other hand, admittedly, some people say,
some may say, of course, nevertheless, and
but not only that
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR CLAIM AND
COUNTERCLAIM:

17. 04
PROBLEM-
SOLUTION

18. This pattern of idea development is used
when a writer identifies a problem and
addresses it by presenting one or more
solutions.

19. Due to the negligence of health
protocols, COVID-19 cases continue to
increase. Therefore, we should listen to the
government and follow the health
protocols to lessen the number of cases.

20. because, cause, since, as a result, in order
to, and so that; as a solution; and one way
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR PROBLEM-
SOLUTION:

21. 05
PERSUASION

22. This pattern of idea development intends to
convince the readers to do or believe
something. It allows the writer to express his
or her personal viewpoints about a topic to
convince the readers. This pattern of idea
development is based on opinions and
emotions.

23. A school bazaar is something you don’t want to
miss! Aside from the wonderful experience, attending it
is truly a great help. First, a school bazaar is filled with
fun activities. There are amusing games, great rides,
and entertaining attractions! Besides that, your ticket
purchase will help the school. Not only that, but it also
gives you a chance to win fabulous prizes. So, what are
you waiting for? Join now and experience the fun!

24. come, free, need, must, must not, necessary,
latest, hurry, join, help, best, better, great,
proven, trusted, create, come along, urgent,
amazing experience, avail now, I believe, I urge,
don't miss, can do it, and one of a kind
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR PERSUASION:

25. DIVIDE YOURSELVES
INTO 6 GROUPS

26. GROUP 1
How can you say that a text or paragraph is
coherent?

27. Create a passage with at least 2 sentences
that shows a cause-and-effect pattern of
idea development with the use of
appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions.
GROUP 2

28. What are the five patterns of idea
development?
GROUP 3

29. Give three grammatical signals that can be
used in a general-to-particular pattern of
ideas.
GROUP 4

30. Give three words or phrases that you can
associate with grammatical signals.
GROUP 5

31. Give three things that you learned
from the lesson.
GROUP 6

32. GROUP ACTIVITY

33. For your group activity, compose a text with a minimum of 10
sentences about a social issue using a pattern of idea
development with appropriate grammatical signals. Choose your
desired social issue from the options provided. Present your
work in front of the class.
SOCIAL ISSUES
POVERTY UNEMPLOYMENT
RACISM MALNUTRITION
CHILD ABUSE CORRUPTION
CRIME BULLYING

34. RUBRICS FOR GRADING
CRITERIA SCORE INDICATOR SCORE
PATTERN OF IDEA
DEVELOPMENT
1-5 POINTS
5-The paragraph clearly follows appropriate structure of the pattern of idea development.
4-The paragraph follows appropriate structure of the pattern of idea development.
3-The paragraph fairly follows appropriate structure of the pattern of idea development.
2-The paragraph poorly follows appropriate structure of the pattern of idea development.
1-The paragraph fails to follow appropriate structure of the pattern of idea development.
GRAMMATICAL
SIGNALS
1-5 POINTS
5- All grammatical signals used are appropriate to the pattern of idea development.
4- Most grammatical signals used are appropriate to the pattern of idea development.
3- Several grammatical signals used are appropriate to the pattern of idea development.
2- Some grammatical signals used are inappropriate to the pattern of idea development.
1-Most grammatical signals used are inappropriate to the pattern of idea development.
PRESENTATIONS
1-5 POINTS
5- The presentation was highly organized, well-prepared, and easy to understand.
4-The presentation was somewhat organized, prepared, and easy to understand.
3-The presentation had organizing ideas but could have been much stronger with better preparation.
2-There were minimal signs of organization or preparation.
1-The presentation lacked organization and had little evidence of preparation.

35. THANK YOU!!!