Visual arts in Cuba. People to People Program. Jorge G. Arocha
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Visual Arts in Cuba by Celestyal Cruises. Season 2015-2016. People to People program
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Visual arts in Cuba. People to People Program. Jorge G. Arocha
- 1. Prof. Jorge G. Arocha, University of Havana. Cuba Cruise. 2015-2016 Visual Arts in Cuba
- 2. DEFINITION ¿Visual Arts? PaintingSculptureArchitecturePhotography Arts that are perceived by sight
- 3. THESIS • … to express certain themes and subjects. • … to enrich the society
- 4. THEMES • Portraits and Figures • The Landscape and the city • Still-Life and Flowers • Historical Themes • Allegory, Symbol, Imagination, and Abstraction • Afro-Cuban culture
- 5. BEGINNING Military Architecture Religious Architecture Domestic Architecture
- 6. • José Nicolás de la Escalera, Vicente Escobar, Juan Bautista Vermay, Guillermo Collazo, Esteban Chartrand and Víctor Patricio Landaluce. COLONIAL PERIOD • Development of the religious painting in the 17th and 18th Centuries. • The landscape in the middle of the 19th Century. • In the year 1818, the foundation of the National Academy of Fine Arts “San Alejandro”, under the direction of Joan Baptiste Vermay (French and pupil of David), the most important representative of the Neoclassical School. • Influenced by European canon: baroque and romanticism.
- 7. Museum Castle of The Royal Forces (1558-1576)
- 8. Museum Castle of The Royal Forces (1558-1576) • Considered the most important example of Renaissance architecture in Cuba. • Was a paradigm for the building of other fortifications in the American continent between the 16th and 18th centuries. • The fortress has among its attributes the Giraldilla, a sculpture cast in bronze by Havana artist Jerónimo Martínez Pinzón and placed as weather van on top of the north-west tower.
- 10. Cathedral of Havana (1767-1796) • In 1773 the Greater Parochial Church was moved here and in 1789 the temple with its Baroque facade was given the status of Cathedral. • Bishop Juan J. Díaz de Espada modified the interior in the Neoclassical style.
- 11. Balcony on the corners Domestic Architecture
- 12. Stained-glass windows and Roman arch
- 13. The mezzanine
- 14. Porch and Arcade
- 15. Courtyards
- 16. Portraits and Figures • Is the most frequent theme in the history of our painting. • Until 1925 the only individuals portrayed were rich and government officials. • In 1925, with the emergence of the first generation of modern Cuban painters, portraiture radically altered its function. The models for these new artists were friends, other artists, and writers. • In the 60’s there was a new relevant function. Besides the portraits of unidentified persons who symbolize the people, the images of heroes forcefully emerged. The artists recreated the faces of Fidel Castro, Ernest Che Guevara, and other heroes side by side with the people.
- 17. Juan Bautista Vermay Retrato de hombre
- 19. Leopoldo Romañach La niña de las cañas
- 21. JORGE ARCHE Primavera o descanso
- 22. Alberto Korda Ernesto Che Guevara
- 23. Raúl Martínez 15 repeticiones de Martí
- 24. Raul Martínez Te doy una canción
- 25. Flavio Garciandía Todo lo que usted necesita es amor
- 26. The Landscape and the city • In Colonial landscape human figures, always played accessory roles. • Influenced by Romanticism • The idealization of the landscape incorporated the sugar mill, the living quarter, the servants, and the slaves. • After 1925 the presence of human figures dominated the scene. The color and light were better suited to depict tropical climates than the romantic one. • Small interest most Cuban painters have shown for marine landscape.
- 27. Henry Cleenewerck Rincón del valle al atardecer
- 28. Federico Fernández Cavada Río San Juan, Trinidad
- 31. Víctor Manuel García Paisaje con río
- 32. René Portocarrero Habana en rojo
- 33. Luís Martínez Pedro Serie Aguas territoriales
- 34. Sandra Ramos S/T
- 35. Carlos Garaicoa Acerca de esos incansables proyectos
- 36. Still-Life and Flowers Amelia Peláez Naturaleza muerta Amelia Peláez Naturaleza muerta azul
- 37. Historical Themes • Besides biblical subjects the Academy paid special attention to historical themes. • The version depicted was the Spanish government’s, never the one held by those who advocated independence. • During the 1920’s and 1930’s, some allusion to social realities emerged through the representation of events resulting from a historical situation of oppression painters had the conscience to denounce. • With the revolutionary triumph, the contemporary character of the historical theme, to which painters felt connected, emerged.
- 38. José Nicolás de la Escalera La Santísima Trinidad
- 39. Armando García Menocal Embarque de Colón por Bobadilla
- 42. Servando Cabrera y Moreno Milicias campesinas
- 43. Allegory, Symbol, Imagination, and Abstraction • Some contemporary painters introduced in their works symbols of our mestizo condition, emphasizing our African heritage. The most outstanding instance is Wilfredo Lam.
- 44. Fidelio Ponce de León Niños
- 45. Carlos Enríquez El rapto de las mulatas
- 46. WILFREDO LAM El tercer mundo
- 48. Umberto Peña El puf de los caballeros Umberto Peña Tu haces brrrr con mi electricidad
- 49. Antonia Eiriz El dueño de los caballitos Antonia Eiriz La Anunciación
- 55. Abel Barroso
- 56. Lázaro Saavedra
- 58. René Francisco
- 59. Prof. Jorge G. Arocha, University of Havana. Cuba Cruise. 2015-2016 Visual Arts in Cuba Hasta Pronto
Editor's Notes
- What is Visual Arts? …
- From the onset one will discover –a few- reiterated themes depicted in various styles, which evidently depend on the time the paintings were made. But what reveals itself as most interesting are some radical thematic shifts which reflect not just the tastes of a given period but a significant concerning what is considered significant by society.