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Virtualization workshop - part 1
The document outlines a two-day virtualization workshop led by Davide Pelosi, covering virtualization concepts, tools like VirtualBox and Docker, and practical hands-on labs. It details different types of virtualization, including hardware and OS-level virtualization, and discusses various hypervisor types and VM products. Additionally, it provides insights into VirtualBox features, networking modes, and practical lab exercises for creating and configuring virtual machines.
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Virtualization workshop - part 1
- 1. Virtualization workshop Davide Pelosi EnterpriseSoftware Advisor davide.pelosi@dpstudio.eu
- 2. Agenda Day 1 ● Virtualization ○Theory ○ VirtualBox ○ Hands-on Labs Day 2 ● Containers ○ Theory ○ Docker ○ Hands-on Labs
- 3. What does itmean? VirtualActual
- 4. Virtualization Types ● Hardwarevirtualization:VM ● Operating-system-level virtualization: docker ● Application virtualization: jvm ● Memory virtualization: TIBCO AS ● Virtual Memory ● Storage virtualization ● Distributed File System: HDFS ● Network Virtualization ● Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- 5. Virtual Machines ● Virtualmachine acts like a real computer with an operating system ● Software executed on virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources ● What is virtualized: ○ Hardware platforms ○ Storage devices: virtual disk saved in flat files (one or more VMDK) ○ Network resources
- 6. Hardware Virtualization Host Machine→ actual machine on which the virtualization takes place Guest Machine → virtual machine Hypervisor → software that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware Full virtualization → complete simulation of the actual hardware Paravirtualization → the guest programs are executed in their own isolated domains Compatibility Layer → translates original API calls into system calls on-the-fly (wine, playonlinux)
- 7. Hypervisor ● Type 1 ○Native or bare-metal hypervisors ○ Run directly on the host's hardware ● Type 2 ○ Hosted hypervisors ○ Run on a conventional OS ○ Works like other programs
- 8. Benefits ● Improves efficiencyand availability of resources and applications ● Several operating systems can be run in parallel on a single CPU ● Reduce overhead costs ● Manage updates and rapid changes to the operating system and applications without disrupting the user ● The old model of “one server, one application” leads to underutilized resources
- 9. VM Products ● OracleVirtualBox ● VMWare Player/Workstation/Fusion/ESXi ● Parallels
- 10. VirtualBox - VirtualDisks Features ● Expand an image file after creation, even if it has data already (VDI only) ● Supported Virtual Disk files: ○ VDI - Proprietary format ○ VMDK - VMWare format ○ VHD - Microsoft format ○ HDD - Parallels ● Virtual Disk file types: ○ fixed-size image: same size as the virtual disk’s capacity ○ dynamically allocated image: expand the image file consumes computing resources, write operations may be slower
- 11. VirtualBox - NetworkingModes ● Not attached ● Network Address Translation (NAT) ○ Default networking mode ○ Works like a real computer that connects to the Internet through a router ○ Networking engine maps traffic from and to the virtual machine transparently ○ Drawbacks: invisible and unreachable from the outside internet; cannot run a server this way unless you set up port forwarding ● Bridged networking ○ Connects to one of your installed network cards and exchanges network packets directly ○ Used to: network simulations and running servers in a guest ○ Drawbacks: less secure
- 12. VirtualBox - Snapshots ●State of a virtual machine and its storage devices ● Can be restored later ● Every time a snapshot is taken, a new file is created ● Works similarly to the incremental backup, all files make a single disk
- 13. VirtualBox - OtherFeatures ● Guest multiprocessing ○ VirtualBox can present up to 32 virtual CPUs to each virtual machine, irrespective of how many CPU cores are physically present on your host ● Cloning of PC images from real machines or third party virtual machines into VirtualBox ● Cloning Virtual Machines
- 14. Lab 1. Create anUbuntu virtual machine using VirtualBox 2. Install Guest Additions: shared folders, adjustment of video resolutions, seamless windows, accelerated 3D graphics 3. Explore VM settings 4. Test shared folders 5. Test copy text 6. Test with network configuration: NAT, Bridge: ssh 7. Work with snapshots: create a snapshot 8. Work with disk configuration ○ create a virtual disk (format and create partition) ○ create a virtual disk fixed size
- 15. Tips ● Mount sharedfolder $ sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=$UID,gid=$(id -g) shared ~/host ● Install ssh server $ sudo apt-get install ssh
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