Kathryn Klages presented on models of virtual reference at the OALT/ABO 39th Annual Conference on May 3rd, 2012. She discussed basic chat widgets, homegrown models developed in-house, advanced proprietary systems, corporate services that involve multiple libraries, and collaborative models that extend staffing and expertise across locations. Virtual reference services aim to extend library hours, distribute staffing, broaden expertise, and realize cost savings through economies of scale.