Bolt provides agentless automation capabilities to execute commands, scripts, tasks, and plans against remote targets. It allows authentication via SSH, WinRM, or PCP and supports running automation in any language the remote system supports. The document discusses setting up an environment for Bolt workshops, including creating a Boltdir directory and configuration files. It also covers various Bolt capabilities like commands, scripts, tasks, plans, and applying Puppet manifests, as well as cross-platform automation and connecting to Puppet Enterprise for desired state management.

1. Bolt Workshop
Virtual
Chan Guangwei
Sales Engineer, Singapore
Email: guangwei.chan@puppet.com
6 May 2020

2. BOLT WORKSHOP2

3. All About Bolt
• Bolt provides a simple way to execute agentless automation against remote hosts
• Zero requirements to the remote host. No agents, no python, no nothing
• Authenticate via SSH, WinRM, PCP
• Execute arbitrary commands, scripts, Bolt Tasks and Bolt Plans
• Use scripts in any language the remote host can execute
• Mature at your own pace from scripts → tasks → plans → puppet code
• If you have Puppet Enterprise, leverage PE from Bolt
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5. Environment Setup
• Create a Bolt playground directory (i.e. ~/boltworkshop or c:usersyouboltworkshop)
• Create a Boltdir within your playground directory (i.e. ~/boltworkshop/Boltdir)
• Grab the Linux cert:
• Web Browser Method
• Visit https://vboltsg.classroom.puppet.com/download/student.pem
• Log in as client<X>@puppet.com
• <X> refers to your student number
• Store the contents in your Bolt playground directory as student.pem.
• i.e. ~/boltworkshop/Boltdir/student.pem
• c:usersyouboltworkshopBoltdir/student.pem
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6. Using Bolt
• Bolt command line syntax:
bolt [command|script|task|plan] run <name> --targets <targets> [options]
• To run a simple Bash command on a remote SSH host:
bolt command run 'echo Hello World!' --targets 10.0.0.1,10.0.0.2
--user root --private-key /path/to/key --transport ssh --no-host-key-check
• To run a simple PowerShell command on a remote WinRM host:
bolt command run 'write-host Hello World!' --targets 10.0.0.1,10.0.0.2
--user Administrator --password ‘Puppetlabs!' --transport winrm --no-ssl
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7. BOLT WORKSHOP8
Lab One:
Bolt Command

8. Lab One Instructions (A Long Command For A Ping!)
• Student Bolt Instances
Linux: vboltsgnix#.classroom.puppet.com
Windows: vboltsgwin#.classroom.puppet.com
• Credentials
Linux: centos / student.pem
Windows: Administrator / Puppetlabs!
• Run these from the command line
bolt command run 'ping 8.8.8.8 -c2' --targets <linux_node>
--user centos --private-key ./Boltdir/student.pem --no-host-key-
check
bolt command run 'ping 8.8.8.8 –n 2’ --targets <win_node> --user
Administrator --password Puppetlabs! --transport winrm --no-ssl
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9. Easing Bolt Configuration
http://www.puppet.com/docs/bolt
• Bolt provides ways to make common activities more efficient
• Use a bolt.yaml file to store generic settings like modulepath or PE integration
• Use an inventory.yaml file to prevent typing in connection info every time
• Use a Boltdir to bundle all the files you need and have Bolt automatically use it
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10. Bolt Configuration File
• Bolt supports a configuration file to manage default configuration settings
• The configuration file is YAML and can have any name you want
• If unspecified, Bolt will look in these locations for an configuration file
• ./Boltdir/bolt.yaml
• ~/.puppetlabs/bolt/bolt.yaml (~ = %HOMEPATH%)
• A custom configuration file can be specified at runtime with --configfile [full
path]
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11. Bolt Configuration File Syntax
http://www.puppet.com/docs/bolt/latest/bolt_configuration_options.html
modulepath: "/path/one:/path/two:/path/three“
inventoryfile: "~/.puppetlabs/bolt/inventory.yaml“
ssh:
host-key-check: false
winrm:
ssl: false
pcp:
[options]
log:
console: # or /path/to.log
level: info
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12. BOLT WORKSHOP13
Lab Two:
Use Bolt with
bolt.yaml

13. Lab Two Instructions (Making some Defaults)
1. Create a Boltdir directory in your playground folder
2. Create Boltdir/bolt.yaml in your bolt playground folder.
3. add host-key-check: false to SSH section of bolt.yaml and ssl: false to
WinRM section of bolt.yaml
ssh:
host-key-check: false
winrm:
ssl: false
3. Run commands to targets without specifying these 2 options
bolt command run 'ping 8.8.8.8 -c2' --targets <linux_node>
--user centos --private-key ./Boltdir/student.pem
bolt command run 'ping 8.8.8.8 –n 2’ --targets <win_node> --user Administrator
--password Puppetlabs! --transport winrm
BOLT WORKSHOP14

14. Bolt Inventory
• Bolt supports an inventory file to maintain a list of known targets
• The inventory file is YAML and can have any name you want
• If unspecified, Bolt will look in these locations for an inventory file:
• ./Boltdir/inventory.yaml
• ~/.puppetlabs/bolt/inventory.yaml (~ = %HOMEPATH%)
• A custom inventory file can be specified on the command line with --inventoryfile
[full path]
• A custom inventory file can be specified in bolt.yaml with the inventoryfile keyword.
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15. Bolt Inventory
groups:
- name: group_name
targets:
- IP_address_or_name_of_node1
- IP_address_or_name_of_node2
config:
transport: [ ssh | winrm ]
ssh:
user: user_name
run-as: root_name
private-key: /path/to/key
host-key-check: [ true | false ]
winrm:
user: user_name
password: password
ssl: [ true | false ]
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Nesting of groups is allowed:
groups:
- name: top_group
groups:
- name: sub_group
targets:
- …

16. BOLT WORKSHOP17
Lab Three:
Build an
Inventory File

17. Lab Three: Reference
1. Create an inventory.yaml in your workshop folder
2. One group for your Linux node, connecting over SSH
3. One group for your Windows node, connecting over WinRM
Reference:
https://bit.ly/vboltsginventory
Note:
● You’ll need to use your student number in the provided file. Replace #
● Add to bolt.yaml - inventoryfile: "./inventory.yaml"
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18. BOLT WORKSHOP19
Lab Four:
Use Bolt with
Inventory

19. Lab Four Reference (Using our Inventory)
1. Run bolt command run 'ping 8.8.8.8 -c2’ --targets linux
1. Run bolt command run 'ping 8.8.8.8 -n 2’ --targets windows
1. Run bolt command run 'hostname’ --targets linux,windows
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20. The Boltdir
To assist in packaging Bolt with source code, Bolt supports a Boltdir
When Bolt sees a directory called ./Boltdir it overrides all other configuration
The Boltdir has the following structure:
./Boltdir/bolt.yaml # Configuration settings
./Boltdir/inventory.yaml # Node inventory
./Boltdir/Puppetfile # Additional Forge modules
./Boltdir/modules # Path where modules are installed via Puppetfile
./Boltdir/site # Another modulepath, safe from Puppetfile
./Boltdir/modules/mymod/tasks # Bolt Tasks in module ‘mymod’
./Boltdir/modules/mymod/plans # Bolt Task Plans in module ‘mymod’
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21. Running Scripts
• Bolt will copy the script file to the remote host and run it in the native shell
• Linux = Bash
• Windows = Powershell
• Bolt expects the shell to execute the correct parser (based on file extension)
• You can pass arguments, but Bolt doesn’t do input validation for scripts
bolt script run <script> [[arg1] ... [argN]] [options]
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22. BOLT WORKSHOP23
Lab Five:
Run Scripts with
Bolt

23. Lab Five Instructions (Running a Script)
1. On your laptop, recreate the timesync.ps1 script at http://bit.ly/vbolttimesync
• Place this file above your Boltdir, in our ~/boltworkshop directory
2. From our boltworkshop directory: Use Bolt to run the script on your Windows node
bolt script run timesync.ps1 --targets windows
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24. Scripts into Tasks!
• Make your scripts more useful in Bolt by turning them into Puppet Tasks
• Any script file in a tasks directory of a module becomes a Task
• Tasks are name spaced automatically, using familiar Puppet syntax:
site/mymod/tasks/script1.ps1 # mymod::script1
site/aws/tasks/show_vpc.sh # aws::show_vpc
site/mysql/tasks/sql.rb # mysql::sql
site/yum/tasks/init.rb # yum
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25. BOLT WORKSHOP26
Lab Six:
Convert a Script
to a Task

26. Lab Six Instructions (Turning Scripts into Tasks)
1. Create Boltdir/site/tools/tasks
2. Move the timesync.ps1 script into the tasks directory
3. Run bolt task show to verify the new task is available
4. Run bolt task run tools::timesync --targets windows to execute the task.
BOLT WORKSHOP27

27. Bolt Task Metadata
• Make your Tasks more useful and robust by writing metadata files for them
• A metadata file has the same name as the script file, but with a .json extension
• Metadata files using the following (JSON) syntax:
{
"description": "Description of your Puppet Task",
"input_method": "environment | stdin | powershell",
"parameters": {
"param1": {
"description": "Description of the parameter usage",
"type": "String | Enum | Pattern | Integer | Array | Hash | Boolean“
}
}
}
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28. Bolt Task Input Methods
• The chosen input method determines how variables are accessible in the script
"input_method": "environment | stdin | powershell“
• environment: creates environment variable for each parameter as $PT_<variable>
• stdin: creates a JSON hash of all parameters and passes it via stdin
• powershell: creates a PowerShell named argument for each parameter
• The default for Linux is environment and stdin
• The default for Windows is powershell
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29. BOLT WORKSHOP30
Lab Seven:
Create and Run
Bolt Task with
Metadata

30. Lab Seven Instructions (Parameterizing Tasks)
1. Retrieve timesync.json from http://bit.ly/vbolttimesyncjson
2. Retrieve upgraded timesync.ps1 from http://bit.ly/vbolttimesyncrestart
• Adds a “Restart” Parameter
• Adds an if statement restarting W32Time if Restart is passed
3. Copy timesync.json and timesync.ps1 to ./Boltdir/site/tools/tasks
4. Run bolt task show (Look, we have a description now!)
5. Run bolt task show tools::timesync
6. Run bolt task run tools::timesync -t windows restart=true
BOLT WORKSHOP31

31. Writing Bolt Plans
Bolt Plans can use all the previously covered capabilities, and more, in a single plan.
It’s ideally suited to:
• Orchestrate multiple tasks
• Perform more complex logic & error handling, or interact with Puppet Enterprise
• Combine command/scripts/Tasks with applying desired-state Puppet code
• Plans are stored in a plans directory of a module and have a .pp extension
• Plans must be name spaced according to their module & plan name
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32. Writing Bolt Plans
located in modules/my_mod/plans/my_plan.pp
plan my_mod::my_plan(
String[1] $load_balancer,
TargetSpec $frontends,
TargetSpec $backends
) {
# process frontends
run_task('my_mod::lb_remove', $load_balancer, frontends => $frontends)
run_task('my_mod::update_frontend_app', $frontends, version => '1.2.3’)
run_task('my_mod::lb_add', $load_balancer, frontends => $frontends)
}
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33. Bolt Functions
Puppet Task Plans are written in Puppet DSL, with extra plan-specific functions:
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● add_facts: Add Facts
● add_to_group: Grouping
● apply_prep: Install Agent
● facts: Gather Facts
● fail_plan: Fail Condition
● get_targets: Target Node
● puppetdb_fact: Facts
● puppetdb_query: PQL Query
● run_command: Run Shell
● run_plan: Run a Plan
● run_script: Run a Script
● run_task: Run a Task
● set_feature: Shell/PS/Agent
● set_var: Set a Variable
● upload_file: Upload a File
● vars: Returns Variables
● wait_until_available: Wait
● without_default_logging: Slim
Logs
And More: https://puppet.com/docs/bolt/latest/plan_functions.html

34. Bolt Plan with Functions
plan loop(
TargetSpec $targets
) {
$targets = get_targets($targets)
$certnames = $targets.map |$target| { $target.host }
$targets.each |$target| {
run_task('my_task', $target, certificate => $certnames[$target.host] )
}
}
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35. BOLT WORKSHOP36
Lab Eight:
Create and Run a
Bolt Plan

36. Lab 8 Instructions (Building a Plan)
1. Retrieve http://bit.ly/vbolttimesyncplan
2. Place timesync.pp in Boltdir/site/tools/plans (New Directory)
3. Run bolt plan show
4. Run bolt plan show tools::timesync
5. Run bolt plan run tools::timesync --targets windows
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37. Desired State What Now?
• So far, we’ve been using scripting approaches to fix time synchronization issues
• But the script only works on Windows
• If we also built a script for Linux, it wouldn’t look anything like the Windows one
• We don’t *want* to keep running scripts on systems over and over
• How would we know if we needed to run the script again? Would that even work?
• Surely *someone* has solved this issue already, right?!
BOLT WORKSHOP38

40. Desired State What Now?
• To ensure Puppet modules are easy to use, the attributes a module supports for
configuration often align closely to the technology the module manages.
• Time synchronization on Linux and Windows are different enough that the attributes for
one platform are difficult to understand on the other
• It does not often happen that someone builds a fully cross platform module
• A fully cross platform time synchronization module could still emerge at some point, it
will just have to use more generic attributes for configuration and translate those to
each platform as appropriate.
• ^^^ Which is exactly what desired state configuration is all about!
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41. BOLT WORKSHOP42
Lab Nine:
Apply a Puppet
Manifest

42. Lab Nine Instructions (Applying Puppet Code)
• Retrieve Plan manifest from http://bit.ly/timesyncmanifest and save it as
timesync_windows.pp in your working directory (above Boltdir)
• bolt apply timesync_windows.pp --targets windows
NOTE: This lab will fail to complete: Could not find declared class
windowstime is the proper error!
BOLT WORKSHOP43

44. BOLT WORKSHOP45
Lab Ten:
Apply a Puppet
Manifest with a
Puppetfile

45. Lab Ten Instructions (Dependencies, the Puppetfile and You!)
1. Create boltworkshop/Boltdir/Puppetfile
1. Enter in dependencies: Stdlib, Registry, Windowstime and NTP
# Modules from the Puppet Forge.
mod 'puppetlabs-stdlib', '6.2.0'
mod 'puppetlabs-registry', '3.1.0'
mod 'ncorrare-windowstime', '0.4.3'
mod 'puppetlabs-ntp', '8.3.0'
1. bolt puppetfile install
2. With the modules now installed, let’s try this again:
bolt apply timesync_windows.pp --targets windows
BOLT WORKSHOP46

47. BOLT WORKSHOP48
Lab Eleven:
Cross Platform
Plans

48. Lab Eleven Instructions (Let’s get Multi-Platform!)
1. Retrieve http://bit.ly/vboltmultiplatform and place it in
boltworkshop/Boltdir/site/tools/plans/timesync_code.pp
2. Run bolt plan run tools::timesync_code --targets windows,linux
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49. Recap Time!
We’ve now learned how with Puppet Bolt:
• Commands, scripts, tasks, plans and manifests can be run with Puppet Bolt
• What the natural progression of automation looks like
• Turning interactive commands into scripts
• Turning scripts into tasks
• Turning tasks into plans
• Leveraging existing desired state modules and manifests
• Incorporating desired state code into plans
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50. Connecting to Puppet Enterprise
• To complete the automation journey, all that’s left to do is maturing into PE
• Leverage PE to continuously & automatically enforce desired state code
• Gain auditability in PE on Bolt Tasks, Task Plans and manifests
• Use RBAC in PE to delegate permissions to other teams/coworkers
• Connect Bolt to PE to gain direct control over PE-managed targets
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51. BOLT WORKSHOP52
Bolt in the Wild

52. PUPPET OVERVIEW53