its about viral infection which can be transmitted through sex in adult, direct contact in children.

1. Viral infections of skin
Made by :
Maryam
Khadija ashfaq
DERMATOLOGY DEPARTMENT

2. Herpes simplex
• Types :
HSV-1 typically causes oral herpes (cold sores) but can also cause genital
herpes, while HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes.
• These infections result in painful, fluid-filled blisters on or around the
lips, mouth, or genital area.

3. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
• Caused by a poxvirus (DNA virus)
• Bowl-shaped lesions with central depression filled with keratin
Depression contains viral particles called molluscum bodies.
• Common disorder in children.
• Usually disseminated in HIV infections
Transmission:
Can be sexually transmitted in adults (common in AIDS)
Self-inoculation by scratching the infective viral particles out of the crater
Treatment:
• Spontaneous remission occurs in 6 to 9 months if the person is immunocompetent. Cell-mediated immunity
must be intact
• Cryotherapy

4. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

5. VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS
• DNA herpesvirus
• Remains latent in cranial and thoracic sensory ganglia
1- Varicella (chickenpox)
• a. Predominantly a childhood disease
• (1) Approximately 90% of cases occur in those <10 years of age.
• (2) Incidence peaks in spring months.
• b. Incubation 2 to 3 weeks
• c. Patient is infectious 1 week before the rash appears Infectious an additional 4 to 5
days until vesicles become crusted

6. VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS
• d. Pruritic rash progresses from macules, to vesicles, to pustules .
• (1) All stages of development are simultaneously present
• (2) Lesions are most prominent on the trunk.
(a) Also involves extremities (including palms and soles), mucous membranes
in mouth, conjunctiva
(b) Vesicles are often umbilicated (depressed center) and hemorrhagic.
* Positive Tzanck test similar to herpes simplex virus
Complications: (1) Association with Reye syndrome if child takes aspirin
(2) Pneumonia, self-limited cerebellitis
(3) In adults-hepatitis, pneumonia, encephalitis

7. VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS
• Treatment
(1) Prevention with immunization
(2) Antihistamine; oatmeal bath; calamine lotion

8. VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS
2- HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES)
. Occurs in 10% to 20% of people in their lifetime.
Incidence increases with age.
Incidence increased in patients with cancer and AIDS
Prodrome of radicular pain and itching before rash occurs
Eruption characterized by groups of vesicles on an erythematous base
(1)Rash follows sensory dermatomes in the distribution of cranial nerves or spinal nerve.
(2) Like varicella, pustules form that rupture, causing crusting and weepingf.

9. VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS
• Treatment
(1) Prevention with previous immunization for
varicella
(2) Prevention with zoster vaccine. Greater than 50%
reduction in infection
(3) Analgesics commensurate with amount of pain
(4) Immunocompromised patients are often treated
with valacyclovir or famciclovir
. Best started before the rash has erupted

10. COMMON WARTS
• Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV; DNA virus)
• Common sites are the fingers and soles.
• Verrucous papular lesions covered by scales
Treatment:
• Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
• Chemotherapy-eg, salicylic acid, trichloroacetic acid
• Biological therapeutic agent-imiquimod (induces cytokines)

11. COMMON WARTS

12. RUBEOLA (MEASLES)
• RNA paramyxovirus
• Vaccination has reduced the incidence of rubeola.
• Prodrome-Fever, cough, coryza (runny nose), conjunctivitis
• Koplik spots develop on the buccal mucosa. Koplik spots are white spots
overlying an erythematous base
• Maculopapular rash develops after Koplik spots disappear
- Cytotoxic T cell damage of endothelial cells containing the virus
- Typically begins on the head and then spreads to the trunk and extremities
- Tends to become confluent on face and trunk but discrete on extremities

13. RUBEOLA (MEASLES)
Complications
• a. Giant cell pneumonia (Warthin-Finkeldey multinucleated giant cells)
• b. Acute appendicitis in children• Virus stimulates lymphoid hyperplasia in the appendix
causing ischemia to the tissue.
• c. Otitis media
• d. Encephalitis . Before immunization, encephalitis was a common cause of death inmeasles.
• e. Not teratogenic
PREVENTION:
Prevented through vaccinations

14. RUBEOLA(MEASLES)

15. RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)
• RNA togavirus
• Produces three-day measles
• Vaccination has reduced the incidence of rubella.
• Forchheimer spots (Dusky red spots that develop on posterior soft/hard palate)
• Maculopapular rash lasts 3 days.
-Pinkish, red maculopapular eruption
-Begins first at hairline and rapidly spreads cephalocaudally
-Unlike rubeola, the macules and papules are discrete and do not become confluent
- Fades in 3 days.

16. RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)
• Painful postauricular lymphadenopathy (characteristic)
• Polyarthritis is common in adults.
• Infection during first trimester may produce congenital anomalies
• Infection is prevented through vaccination

17. RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)

18. ERYTHMA INFECTIOSUM (FIFTH DISEASE)
• Caused by parvovirus B19 (DNA virus)
• Most often occurs in school-age children. Often occurs in epidemics
• Confluent net-like erythema type of rash
a. Begins on the cheeks ("slapped face“)
b. Extends to the trunk and proximal extremities
*Polyarthritis is common in adults.

19. ERYTHMA INFECTIOSUM (FIFTH DISEASE)

20. ROSEOLA INFANTUM
• Human herpesvirus 6 (DNA virus) is the cause.
• It is the most common viral exanthem in children <2 years old.
• Erythematous macules develop on soft palate 48 hours before rash.
• Maculopapular rash occurs abruptly after 3 to 7 days of high fever
• Tender cervical and/or posterior occipital lymphadenopathy is a key feature
indistinguishing roseola from rubella (postauricular lymphadenopathy).
• High fever may precipitate a febrile convulsion.
• Infection is treated with ganciclovir

21. ROSEOLA INFANTUM

22. Hand-foot-and-mouth (HFM)disease
• Caused by coxsackie virus
• Febrile disease that primarily occurs in
young children
• Vesicular rash occurs on the hands,
feet, and in the mouth