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Revision
The promotion and marketing of video games
Case Studies
• Just Dance 4
• Red Dead Redemption
• GTAIV and V
• Call of Duty: Black Ops II
• Angry Birds Go!
• Plus any other video game marketing that you know about – or find out
about.
• Consider your own research.
Revision areas
• When?
• What
• How?
• Where - which platform(s)?
Marketing strategies
• Audience theory
• Narrative theory
• Marketing theory
Theory
• Theory terms
• Marketing terms
• Technical Terms for production
Key Terminology
• Just Dance 4
• Red Dead Redemption
• GTAIV and V
• Call of Duty: Black Ops II
• Angry Birds Go!
Case Study Examples
Marketing strategies
• Using the A3 sheet, identify which different strategies could be used at each point in
the promotion and marketing campaign.
• For each point, identify three examples from three different campaigns which you
could write about in your exam answer
• Campaigns could include:
• Just Dance 4
• Red Dead Redemption
• GTAIV and V
• Call of Duty: Black Ops II
• Angry Birds Go!
• Or any other video game promotion campaign
Theories
Media Studies Revision
Narrative theories
• You can use narrative theories to make sense of how a story is used to
hook and interest the audience
• This could be the storyline of a video game itself, promoted in the
marketing campaign
• It could be the storyline used in a trailer
• Narratives can even be found in still images
Three Narrative theories
Todorov:
equilibrium
theory
Narrative starts in a
balanced state
(equilibrium)
An event disturbs that
balance
(disequilibrium)
The story finished with
a new balanced state
(new equilibrium)
Levi Strauss:
binary
oppositions
Narratives happen
when two opposed
ideas, forces or
concepts come into
conflict
The conflict between
the two opposites
creates events in the
narrative
The resolution of the
opposition ends the
narrative (when one
side wins?)
Barthes:
enigma
codes
Narratives set up
puzzles which
audiences engage with
to try to find the
solutions
For example: “What’s
that?”
“Who is there?”
“What is going to
happen next?”
Applying narrative theory
Audience Theories
Richard Dyer’s
Utopian
Solutions
Media texts present a world
which is
bigger, better, brighter, bolder
than our own
This world offers escapism from
our dull reality
It enables players to be
more/better than they are in
reality
Uses and
Gratifications
theory
Audiences seek out media texts
which fulfil their needs
These needs can be practical
(uses) or emotional
(gratifications)
Emotional needs include the
need for
company, success, power, joy
etc.
Two-step flow
theory
Audience opinions are formed
by opinion leaders
Opinion leaders include the
press, websites and influential
people
Marketing often aims to
influence opinion leaders for
the effect they have on others
Applying audience theory
Audience Terms
• The “general public” including casual gamersMass audience
• Specific groups i.e. racing game fans, usually
incorporating “serious” gamersNiche audience
• The main audience focus of a campaignPrimary audience
• A subsidiary audience also catered for in a campaignSecondary audience
Applying audience terms
Marketing terms
• Marketing broadcast to a mass audienceAbove the line marketing (ATL)
• Marketing targeted at a specific audience, often personalisedBelow the line marketing (BTL)
• A campaign incorporating ATL and BTL marketing
Through the line marketing
(TTL)
• Traditional campaigns including trailers, posters etc.Direct Marketing
• Modern campaigns including publicity stunts, viral and guerrilla
campaignsIndirect Marketing
Viral and Guerrilla Marketing
Viral marketing
• Harnesses the power of social
media
• Aims to promote sharing, liking and
linking
• Usually striking, funny or innovative
• E.g. Flappy Bird mostly virally
marketed
• Linked theory: two-step flow
• Linked terms: below the
line, indirect marketing
Guerrilla Marketing
• Marketing which appears by
surprise
• Often doesn’t look like an advert
• Can be online or IRL “events” such
as flashmobs, publicity stunts
• Can also go viral!
• E.g. Just Dance, GTA
• Linked to two-step flow, BTL and
indirect marketing
Trailers
• What are the conventions of video game trailers?
Revising your case studies
• Complete a case study revision template IN YOUR BOOKS for each of
the case study video games:
• Just Dance 4
• Red Dead Redemption
• Angry Birds Go!
• Call of Duty: Black Ops II
• GTA series (focus on GTA IV and V)
• Any others?
• If you don’t know…FIND OUT!

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Video games revision web version

  • 1. Revision The promotion and marketing of video games
  • 2. Case Studies • Just Dance 4 • Red Dead Redemption • GTAIV and V • Call of Duty: Black Ops II • Angry Birds Go! • Plus any other video game marketing that you know about – or find out about. • Consider your own research.
  • 3. Revision areas • When? • What • How? • Where - which platform(s)? Marketing strategies • Audience theory • Narrative theory • Marketing theory Theory • Theory terms • Marketing terms • Technical Terms for production Key Terminology • Just Dance 4 • Red Dead Redemption • GTAIV and V • Call of Duty: Black Ops II • Angry Birds Go! Case Study Examples
  • 4. Marketing strategies • Using the A3 sheet, identify which different strategies could be used at each point in the promotion and marketing campaign. • For each point, identify three examples from three different campaigns which you could write about in your exam answer • Campaigns could include: • Just Dance 4 • Red Dead Redemption • GTAIV and V • Call of Duty: Black Ops II • Angry Birds Go! • Or any other video game promotion campaign
  • 6. Narrative theories • You can use narrative theories to make sense of how a story is used to hook and interest the audience • This could be the storyline of a video game itself, promoted in the marketing campaign • It could be the storyline used in a trailer • Narratives can even be found in still images
  • 7. Three Narrative theories Todorov: equilibrium theory Narrative starts in a balanced state (equilibrium) An event disturbs that balance (disequilibrium) The story finished with a new balanced state (new equilibrium) Levi Strauss: binary oppositions Narratives happen when two opposed ideas, forces or concepts come into conflict The conflict between the two opposites creates events in the narrative The resolution of the opposition ends the narrative (when one side wins?) Barthes: enigma codes Narratives set up puzzles which audiences engage with to try to find the solutions For example: “What’s that?” “Who is there?” “What is going to happen next?”
  • 9. Audience Theories Richard Dyer’s Utopian Solutions Media texts present a world which is bigger, better, brighter, bolder than our own This world offers escapism from our dull reality It enables players to be more/better than they are in reality Uses and Gratifications theory Audiences seek out media texts which fulfil their needs These needs can be practical (uses) or emotional (gratifications) Emotional needs include the need for company, success, power, joy etc. Two-step flow theory Audience opinions are formed by opinion leaders Opinion leaders include the press, websites and influential people Marketing often aims to influence opinion leaders for the effect they have on others
  • 11. Audience Terms • The “general public” including casual gamersMass audience • Specific groups i.e. racing game fans, usually incorporating “serious” gamersNiche audience • The main audience focus of a campaignPrimary audience • A subsidiary audience also catered for in a campaignSecondary audience
  • 13. Marketing terms • Marketing broadcast to a mass audienceAbove the line marketing (ATL) • Marketing targeted at a specific audience, often personalisedBelow the line marketing (BTL) • A campaign incorporating ATL and BTL marketing Through the line marketing (TTL) • Traditional campaigns including trailers, posters etc.Direct Marketing • Modern campaigns including publicity stunts, viral and guerrilla campaignsIndirect Marketing
  • 14. Viral and Guerrilla Marketing Viral marketing • Harnesses the power of social media • Aims to promote sharing, liking and linking • Usually striking, funny or innovative • E.g. Flappy Bird mostly virally marketed • Linked theory: two-step flow • Linked terms: below the line, indirect marketing Guerrilla Marketing • Marketing which appears by surprise • Often doesn’t look like an advert • Can be online or IRL “events” such as flashmobs, publicity stunts • Can also go viral! • E.g. Just Dance, GTA • Linked to two-step flow, BTL and indirect marketing
  • 15. Trailers • What are the conventions of video game trailers?
  • 16. Revising your case studies • Complete a case study revision template IN YOUR BOOKS for each of the case study video games: • Just Dance 4 • Red Dead Redemption • Angry Birds Go! • Call of Duty: Black Ops II • GTA series (focus on GTA IV and V) • Any others? • If you don’t know…FIND OUT!