This document summarizes a research paper on developing a video conferencing system using a Raspberry Pi. It describes using a Raspberry Pi board with an ARM 11 processor running at 700MHz along with USB cameras, microphones and monitors to enable video and audio streaming between two systems over a wireless network. It discusses installing Raspbian OS on the Raspberry Pi, connecting it to a laptop, and using SSH and PuTTY to access it remotely. It also covers installing OpenCV and other software to enable video capture, playback and streaming functionality. The goal is to create a portable, low-cost video conferencing system that does not require computers.
A futuristic approach for towerless mobile networks wheezy piIJLT EMAS
It is an attempt to develop the mobile networks to
have a wireless voice call happening without the help of the
towers. Our main aim is to remove the towers in the
communication process. The towers have been hazardous to
Living Organism. This project mainly consists of Raspberry pi
and Wi-Fi router. We used two raspberry pi kits of version 3
with Wi-Fi inbuilt on it which can access till the distance of 30
meters,which is used to develop a voice call application to
transfer the voice through the Wi-Fi communication. It would be
possible to expand this communication by the use of WIMAX
which would be able to communicate in the range of kilometers.
For live transmission of audio and video, we have used VOIP
(voice over internet protocol) with the help of gstreamer and gstlaunch
libraries, IEEE standard 802.11 for wireless network,
LCD screen for GUI interface ,programmed in Python language
as it is recommended by Raspberry pi foundation and is freely
available for LINUX, Windows operating system. A hardware
implementation is developed and the results were analyzed for
performance.
Embedded Web Server based Home Automation using Raspberry PIEditor IJMTER
In smart home’s we have various high-tech appliances to get our jobs done and make
the life easier. It is necessary to control these home appliances smartly from anywhere. In this paper
we are implementing a system that will enable house owner to control their home through the
internet with high mobility and security. We will use the Embedded Web Server (EWS) which
enables controlling and monitoring the home appliances remotely with the help of any standard web
browser
Smart Surveillance Monitoring System using Raspberry pi and pir sensorAM Publications
The security is a scenario in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The webcam has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies and the Internet. The security system is the communication of anything with any other thing, the communication mainly transferring of useable data, for example, a sensor in a room to monitor and control the temperature. To describe a security alarm system using low processing power chips using Internet of things which helps to monitor and get alarms when motion is detected and sends photos and videos to a cloud server. Moreover, Internet of things based application can be used remotely to view the activity and get notifications when motion is detected. The photos and videos are sent directly to a cloud server when the cloud is not available then the data is stored locally on the Raspberry Pi and sent when the connection resumes. Therefore, advantages like these make this application ideal for monitoring homes in absence.
Raspberry pi project smart motion detection system using raspberry pi 3Bhaskar Nemala
In surveillance, CCTV camera is costly because of the use of computer. It reserves too much space for continues recording and also require manpower to detect the unauthorized Activity. But compared to the existing system Raspberry pi system is much cheaper with better resolution and low power consumption feature.
A futuristic approach for towerless mobile networks wheezy piIJLT EMAS
It is an attempt to develop the mobile networks to
have a wireless voice call happening without the help of the
towers. Our main aim is to remove the towers in the
communication process. The towers have been hazardous to
Living Organism. This project mainly consists of Raspberry pi
and Wi-Fi router. We used two raspberry pi kits of version 3
with Wi-Fi inbuilt on it which can access till the distance of 30
meters,which is used to develop a voice call application to
transfer the voice through the Wi-Fi communication. It would be
possible to expand this communication by the use of WIMAX
which would be able to communicate in the range of kilometers.
For live transmission of audio and video, we have used VOIP
(voice over internet protocol) with the help of gstreamer and gstlaunch
libraries, IEEE standard 802.11 for wireless network,
LCD screen for GUI interface ,programmed in Python language
as it is recommended by Raspberry pi foundation and is freely
available for LINUX, Windows operating system. A hardware
implementation is developed and the results were analyzed for
performance.
Embedded Web Server based Home Automation using Raspberry PIEditor IJMTER
In smart home’s we have various high-tech appliances to get our jobs done and make
the life easier. It is necessary to control these home appliances smartly from anywhere. In this paper
we are implementing a system that will enable house owner to control their home through the
internet with high mobility and security. We will use the Embedded Web Server (EWS) which
enables controlling and monitoring the home appliances remotely with the help of any standard web
browser
Smart Surveillance Monitoring System using Raspberry pi and pir sensorAM Publications
The security is a scenario in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The webcam has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies and the Internet. The security system is the communication of anything with any other thing, the communication mainly transferring of useable data, for example, a sensor in a room to monitor and control the temperature. To describe a security alarm system using low processing power chips using Internet of things which helps to monitor and get alarms when motion is detected and sends photos and videos to a cloud server. Moreover, Internet of things based application can be used remotely to view the activity and get notifications when motion is detected. The photos and videos are sent directly to a cloud server when the cloud is not available then the data is stored locally on the Raspberry Pi and sent when the connection resumes. Therefore, advantages like these make this application ideal for monitoring homes in absence.
Raspberry pi project smart motion detection system using raspberry pi 3Bhaskar Nemala
In surveillance, CCTV camera is costly because of the use of computer. It reserves too much space for continues recording and also require manpower to detect the unauthorized Activity. But compared to the existing system Raspberry pi system is much cheaper with better resolution and low power consumption feature.
Raspberry Pi 3 Tutorial | Raspberry Pi 3 Projects | IoT Projects | IoT Tutori...Edureka!
( IoT Certification Training : https://www.edureka.co/iot-certificat... )
This "Raspberry Pi 3 Tutorial" video by Edureka will help you in getting started with Raspberry Pi 3. This Raspberry Pi Tutorial video helps you to learn the following topics:
1. What is Raspberry Pi?
2. Raspberry Pi Hardware
3. Raspberry Pi OS Installation
4. Sense Hat tutorial
5. IoT Project using Raspberry Pi – Motion Detection Camera
User Interface for Visually Impaired PeopleIOSRJECE
The research work deals with the design and implementation of Speech recognition device using Raspberry Pi for essential usage to visually impaired people. Now a day’s blind people are increasing enormously so, the main objective of the research is to provide a simple, cheap, friendly user, and compact device for visually impaired people to use multimedia applications of operating system like text, music player and dialing system by interfacing GSM module. All the above are implemented in a low cost Raspberry Pi board. Thus a goal of producing an compact device has been designed at low cost using offline speech recognition
Based on STENTOFON’s IP intercom technology, STENTOFON Pulse is a
serverless intercom system that offers exceptional voice quality and many of the
features and functions of our larger Alphacom Intercom system.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A RASPBERRYPI BASED HOME SECURITY AND FIRE SAFET...ijcsit
Fire alarms and building security systems are currently separate systems and are liable to monthly fees. Video recording for closed-circuit television (CCTV) is done locally subsequently requiring high storage space. Whenever there is a break-in, the footage records can be stolen consequently losing data. To address high data storage space, monthly premium subscriptions, cost of separate systems and data loss issues of the aforementioned systems, we design and implement a Raspberry-pi based fire and intrusion detection systems in this work. The system sends an SMS in the case of an intrusion or fire detection, and then records and uploads the surveillance videos. The system used a GSM modem for sending SMSs, a video, a PIR sensor to detect motion and a smoke or heat sensor to detect fire. The system is a low cost combined home security and fire detection Raspberry-pi system intended for home and small offices use.
Matrix Telecom Solutions: SETU VGFX - Fixed VoIP to GSM/3G-FXO-FXS Voice Gat...Matrix Comsec
Matrix presents SETU VGFX- The Single-box Gateway solution, offering seamless connectivity between VoIP, GSM and POTS (FXO and FXS) networks. SETU VGFX supports flexible and intelligent call routing options to ensure that communication always happens through the most cost effective network.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Koning Albert II heeft een nieuw adres. Het Huis van de Koning is nu gevestigd in Villers-sur-Lesse. In het telefoonboek vinden we in de Rue de la Famenne 10 ‘La Maison du Roi’. Op dat adres bevindt zich de gerestaureerde pastoriewoning van Paola.
Ook het telefoonnummer van de koning is openbaar. Dit betekent wel niet dat Albert en Paola het paleis Belvédère nu onmiddellijk gaan verlaten.
Raspberry Pi 3 Tutorial | Raspberry Pi 3 Projects | IoT Projects | IoT Tutori...Edureka!
( IoT Certification Training : https://www.edureka.co/iot-certificat... )
This "Raspberry Pi 3 Tutorial" video by Edureka will help you in getting started with Raspberry Pi 3. This Raspberry Pi Tutorial video helps you to learn the following topics:
1. What is Raspberry Pi?
2. Raspberry Pi Hardware
3. Raspberry Pi OS Installation
4. Sense Hat tutorial
5. IoT Project using Raspberry Pi – Motion Detection Camera
User Interface for Visually Impaired PeopleIOSRJECE
The research work deals with the design and implementation of Speech recognition device using Raspberry Pi for essential usage to visually impaired people. Now a day’s blind people are increasing enormously so, the main objective of the research is to provide a simple, cheap, friendly user, and compact device for visually impaired people to use multimedia applications of operating system like text, music player and dialing system by interfacing GSM module. All the above are implemented in a low cost Raspberry Pi board. Thus a goal of producing an compact device has been designed at low cost using offline speech recognition
Based on STENTOFON’s IP intercom technology, STENTOFON Pulse is a
serverless intercom system that offers exceptional voice quality and many of the
features and functions of our larger Alphacom Intercom system.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A RASPBERRYPI BASED HOME SECURITY AND FIRE SAFET...ijcsit
Fire alarms and building security systems are currently separate systems and are liable to monthly fees. Video recording for closed-circuit television (CCTV) is done locally subsequently requiring high storage space. Whenever there is a break-in, the footage records can be stolen consequently losing data. To address high data storage space, monthly premium subscriptions, cost of separate systems and data loss issues of the aforementioned systems, we design and implement a Raspberry-pi based fire and intrusion detection systems in this work. The system sends an SMS in the case of an intrusion or fire detection, and then records and uploads the surveillance videos. The system used a GSM modem for sending SMSs, a video, a PIR sensor to detect motion and a smoke or heat sensor to detect fire. The system is a low cost combined home security and fire detection Raspberry-pi system intended for home and small offices use.
Matrix Telecom Solutions: SETU VGFX - Fixed VoIP to GSM/3G-FXO-FXS Voice Gat...Matrix Comsec
Matrix presents SETU VGFX- The Single-box Gateway solution, offering seamless connectivity between VoIP, GSM and POTS (FXO and FXS) networks. SETU VGFX supports flexible and intelligent call routing options to ensure that communication always happens through the most cost effective network.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Koning Albert II heeft een nieuw adres. Het Huis van de Koning is nu gevestigd in Villers-sur-Lesse. In het telefoonboek vinden we in de Rue de la Famenne 10 ‘La Maison du Roi’. Op dat adres bevindt zich de gerestaureerde pastoriewoning van Paola.
Ook het telefoonnummer van de koning is openbaar. Dit betekent wel niet dat Albert en Paola het paleis Belvédère nu onmiddellijk gaan verlaten.
Max Emilian Verstappen (Hasselt, België, 30 september 1997) is een autocoureur. Hij is de zoon van Jos Verstappen, een ex-Formule 1-coureur. Verstappen maakt in 2015 voor Toro Rosso zijn debuut in de Formule 1.
We vinden vader en zoon Verstappen terug in Luxemburg in de vennootschappen Mavic en Partinvest Group.
Uit de akte blijkt ook dat zoon Verstappen in Monaco gedomicilieerd is.
Mavic beheert de ‘merken’ van de familie Verstappen.
Storia Infinita? un'intervista sullo scandalo delle quote latteMario Robusti
Una lunga intervista fra padre e figlio sullo scandalo delle quote latte, che è costato all'Italia più di 4.2 miliardi di Euro pubblici, oltre a tanti altri soldi privati.
codice ISBN 9788896428009
Vastgoedfirma Sergio Herman eindelijk winstgevendThierry Debels
The Jane van Sergio Herman draait goed.
De kapel van het voormalig militair ziekenhuis is wel eigendom van de NV Centraal Kwartier.
In 2015 boekte die NV een kleine winst van zowat 3000 euro. In 2014 werd nog een verlies opgetekend van ruim 86.000 euro.
De firma mag niet verward worden met Centraal Kwartier Holding. Deze vennootschap boekte in 2015 een winst van bijna 17.000 euro, iets minder dan in 2014.
Het kasteel Stuyvenberg, de laatste verblijfplaats van Fabiola de Mora, staat al een tijdje leeg. Maar misschien is er wel al een nieuwe bewoner?
Op het adres van het kasteel (Abelenlaan of Avenue des Trembles 2 in Laken) vinden we immers Rosario Martin Martin.
Het kasteel is eigendom van de Koninklijke Schenking
Halfzus koning Albert heeft kritiek op Belgische regeringThierry Debels
Esmeralda van België is de jongste dochter van Leopold III en dus de halfzus van koning Albert II.
Op twitter laat ze zich laatdunkend uit over het plan van de Belgische overheid om jodiumpillen uit te delen.
Esmeralda woont vandaag in Groot-Brittannië.
Sizinti kacak durdurucular paletler Tehlikeli kimyasal toplama kuveti KARMA M...ilannn
Sıvı toplama küveti,Kimyasal toplama paleti,Varil toplama paleti,Varil stoklama küveti,Varil stoklama paleti,Yağ toplama tavası,Yağ toplama kabı,Varil taşma teknesi
Yangina atese dayanikli sivi kimyasal atik dokuntu toplama kuveti damlama siz...ilannn
Sıvı toplama küveti,Kimyasal toplama paleti,Varil toplama paleti,Varil stoklama küveti,Varil stoklama paleti,Yağ toplama tavası,Yağ toplama kabı,Varil taşma teknesi,Paslanmaz çelik kimyasal toplama küveti,Döküntü yağ toplama küveti,Akaryakıt tankı taşma havuzu,Kimyasal taşma havuzu,Kimyasal tank taşma havuzu
complete Lab manual as Per AKTU syllabus that file contains Internet of Things they contains following topic
1. Familiarization with concept of IoT,
Arduino/Raspberry Pi and perform necessary
software installation.
Will be able to understand IoT,
Arduino/Raspberry Pi, and also able to
install software setup of Arduino/
Respberry Pi
2
To interface motor using relay with
Arduino/Raspberry Pi and write a program to
turn ON/OFF motor.
Able to use relay to control motor and
other mechanical devices
3
To interface sensors* with Arduino/Raspberry Pi
and write a program to displaysensors data on
the computer screen.
Able to retrieve data from sensors and to
display it on computer screen
4 To interface OLED with Arduino/Raspberry Pi
and write a program to display sensor data on it.
Able to retrieve data from sensors and to
display it on OLED
5
To interface sensor with Arduino/Raspberry Pi
and write a program to turn ON/OFF Relay when
sensor data is detected.
Able to control relay with help of
microcontroller and sensors
6
To interface sensor with Arduino/Raspberry Pi
and write a program to turn ON/OFF Solenoid
valve when sensor data is detected.
Able to control Solenoid valve with help of
microcontroller and sensors
7
To interface sensor with Arduino/Raspberry Pi
and write a program to turn ON/OFF Linear
Actuator when sensor data is detected.
Able to control linear actuator with help
of microcontroller and sensors
8
To interface sensor with Arduino/Raspberry Pi
and write a program to turn ON/OFF Starter
Motor when sensor data is detected.
Able to control Starter Motor with help of
microcontroller and sensors
9
To interface Bluetooth with Arduino/Raspberry
Pi and write a program to send sensor data to
smart phone using Bluetooth.
Able to communicate sensor data from
microcontroller to smart phone
10
To interface Bluetooth with Arduino/Raspberry
Pi and write a program to turn Actuators*
ON/OFF when message is received from smart
phone using Bluetooth.
Able to control actuators using mobile
phone through Bluetoth
11 Write a program on Arduino/Raspberry Pi to
upload Sensor data to thingspeak cloud.
Notice Board is primary thing in many places like institutions, public utility places i.e., bus stops, railway stations, colleges, malls, etc. But sticking various notices day to day is a tedious process and also a separate person is required to take care of it daily and manually. This project is about advanced wireless notice board. The project is built around ARM controller 11 Raspberry-pi which is heart of the system. Display is obtained on projector or LCD monitor. Wi-Fi is used for Data transmission. At any time we can add or remove or alter the image according to our requirement. At transmitter authorized PC or mobile is used for sending a notices or messages. At receiving end Wi-Fi is connected to raspberry pi. The raspberry pi can be dedicated to Ethernet. When an authorized user sends a notice from his system, it is received by the receiver. The message may be a voice note or image. Wireless communication is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly over a computer network, including high speed wireless connections and so the data is received from authenticated user. In this paper, we propose a remotely send notice to Raspberry pi from a web application and also we include speaker to receive a voice message.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Video conferincing
1. IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015, Pg. 401-406
Vaibhav A. Vyavahare, IJRIT-401
International Journal of Research in Information Technology
(IJRIT)
www.ijrit.com ISSN 2001-5569
Video Conference System Using Raspberry Pi
Vaibhav A. Vyavahare 1, Kailas U. Aade 2
1 Student, Dept.of E&Tc Engineering, GHRCOEM,
Chas, Maharashtra, India.
vyavaharevaibhav@gmail.com
2 Asst. Professor, Dept.of E&Tc Engineering, GHRCOEM,
Chas, Maharashtra, India.
Kailas.aade@raisoni.net
Abstract
Due to the day by day increasing demands of Electronics products in the domain of the industrial & Consumer
application, it becomes necessary to come up with new ideas of electronic products. This system is based on Video
conferencing without the computers and using simply monitors and a small credit card size system called Raspberry Pi
for the live Video & Audio streaming over the wireless local area network. Video Conferencing requires high speed
image processing processor & high speed data rate. This complete System depends on the higher processors and with
high quality of the graphics cards. This system is the standalone system and it not required any single PC to take or
receive the data from camera and headphone/MIC and send to the another user. This system is completely based on the
new hardware platform with ARM 11 core. Operating speed of this platform is in 700MHz and it supports live video
and audio streaming. As it has onboard Audio codec, it is possible to connect to user by using this system with just
accessing the IP address of the another user. This system is portable and easy to use. This system allows peer to peer
chatting. This technology will help us to find a way for free video calling. In this paper, the system will be
implemented as well as the performance will be tested by doing actual implementation of this system.
Keywords: Raspberry Pi, HDMI Cable, Web- cam, Headphone, Python Script
1. Introduction
Video Conferencing is nothing but connect to computers with accessing this system with specific IP
address with live video & audio streaming. But this system required high speed data lease line or high
speed network with high end processors. By observing this scenario we propose this system based on ARM
11 platform with having operating speed of 700MHz.This system Consist of two Display screen along with
ARM 11Hardware Platform with two camera & two headphones. It is possible to access this system with
specific IP address. When user wants to talk with another user just connect user machine with another user
with specific IP address. It is possible to talk with another user with live video & audio chatting.
Video conferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or video
teleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to
communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. It is an intermediate form of video
telephony, first used commercially in Germany during the late-1930s and later in the United States during
the early 1970s as part of AT&T's development of Picture phone technology. With the introduction of
relatively low cost, high capacity broadband telecommunication services in the late 1990s, coupled with
powerful computing processors and video compression techniques, videoconferencing has made significant
2. IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015, Pg. 401-406
Vaibhav A. Vyavahare, IJRIT-402
inroads in business, education, medicine and media. Like all long distance communications technologies
(such as phone and Internet), by reducing the need to travel, which is often carried out by aero plane, to
bring people together the technology also contributes to reductions in carbon emissions, thereby helping to
reduce global warming.
2. Structure and Principle
All this system based on the Raspberry pi Platform with ARM 11 core. This ARM 11 board does not have
in built monitor so we have to used TFT Screen or VGA Monitor. When we want to communicate to other
system it required to know first the IP address of the system. When we connect to this system it needs to
first send the request to the another user system. By using gstramer-10.0 & gst-launch plug-in it is possible
to send & receive the live video & audio streaming. It needs to interface the webcam & Headphone with
the system. After that it need to write the python script with use of pipelining of the gstreamers libraries,
after this run the python script.
This project starts with the installation of LINUX operating system. After that we have to configure LAN
setting. Each device will have its own unique IP address. So we need to detect the IP address first and then
connect. Next step is to connect the USB camera to the device .After configuring the camera configure Wi-
Fi. Create a network ,also we need to create a password in order to secure the network.
Install the IP address of Raspberry Pi kit. Then configure the camera port device manager. Install and
configure the software named web I/O pi. At last connect to the local host through web I/O pi.
3. Hardware Design
3.1 Raspberry Pi development Board
It is the main heart of the system it is used to control all the system. It having ARM 11 Core with BCM
Audio-Video Codec used to provide the GPIO’s with having operating frequency 700MHz.
Fig. 1 Block Diagram of Video Conference system
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Vaibhav A. Vyavahare, IJRIT-403
3.1.1 Installation of the “Raspbian wheezy” OS on the Raspberry Pi module
Raspbian is a Debian-derived free OS optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware. Raspbian uses a Linux
kernel also popular as the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. It comes with over 35,000 packages and pre-
compiled software bundled in a format that is easy for installation on the Raspberry Pi. The “wheezy-
raspbian.Zip” file can be downloaded from Raspberry Pi‟s official website. To extract the OS image file
into the SD memory card. This software is used to write a raw disk image to a removable memory device.
It is a freeware and the program for it is open source. It has been proved useful for embedded development
as the source code can be branched and modified as per the requirement. After writing to SD card is
finished, it is put in the SD card slot of Raspberry Pi and switch it on so that initial booting can start.
3.1.2 Connection of Raspberry Pi to the laptop with a Ethernet cable
As Raspberry Pi needs to be used as a headless embedded device here, without monitor attached finding IP
address will be a complex task. Again the module has to be prepared by connecting it to a computer system
with an Ethernet connection. But first the module has to be configured with a static IP address to avoid
finding out dynamic IP address which changes with each new connection. The SD-Card is inserted into a
card reader and plugged into a PC. The static IP address configuration is added to the last line of the
“cmdline.txt” file of the boot folder in the SD card. For DHCP enabled network settings where the IP
address is obtained automatically, an address in the range 169.253.0.0– 169.253.255.255 is used:
IP=169.253.0.3. Then the card is inserted back in the Raspberry Pi. The network cable is then connected to
both the computer and Raspberry Pi and then the module is power up.
3.1.3 SSH protocol and PuTTY installation
After the Ethernet connection is established Raspberry Pi is powered on .Then to reach the module from PC
a secured connection is established using SSH (Secured Shell) protocol. The SSH protocol is developed as
a secure, encrypted replacement for the non-secure RSH (Remote SHell) protocol. It is used for remote
shell access to a UNIX based system with strong security. The need for remote login and control of
Raspberry Pi from a remote computer arises when it is used as a headless device (device not requiring a
keyboard, mouse and monitor). A remote system with SSH client can login into a device running SSH
server. Raspbian OS comes with SSH server pre-installed in it. A SSH client “PuTTY” is installed at the
remote PC side. In the Session menu in the PuTTY type in the static IP address defined earlier of the
Raspberry Pi and leaves the port at default 22 for SSH to login. During connection it will give a warning
the first time it tries to connect and then prompt for the username (“pi”) and password (“raspberry”) of
Raspberry Pi.
3.1.4 Configuration of USB microphone
The Raspberry Pi does not have a microphone socket, which is inconvenient when you wish to record
sound. To fix this you will need a USB Sound Card, for which Microsoft Life Cam HD-3000 USB cam is
connected to one of the USB port of Raspberry Pi. To check whether that the computer can see the card,
“lsusb” command is used in the Raspberry Pi‟s terminal window.
3.1.5 Starting VNC server on Raspberry Pi during boot
A VNC (Virtual Network Connection) client (installed on remote PC) can access VNC server(installed on
Raspberry Pi) for directly viewing GUI desktop of Raspberry Pi remotely through a SSH connection. There
are a numerous options available for VNC server applications and the one here used is called “tightvnc”.
VNC server software can be installed using the SSH connection that has been established earlier using
PuTTy.
3.1.6 Graphical User Interface programming
For the ease of Recording, storing, playing and streaming voice with Ethernet connection a GUI is
programmed using Python language. Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming
language. Python is open source . Python is a highly readable language. It is designed to have an simple
visual layout with a smaller number of syntactic exceptions and special cases than C/C++.Python has a
4. IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015, Pg. 401-406
Vaibhav A. Vyavahare, IJRIT-404
large collection of library or predefined modules for GUI designing, internet connectivity and e-mail,
which satisfies all requirements in this project.
3.1.6 Headphone/MIC
There is no arrangement for audio input in Raspberry Pi, which is a major requirement for this project for
capturing audio, but a USB mic or sound-card or USB CAM could be connected via USB port. We will
need 2 headphones and MICs for this project.
3.1.7 SD card
The SD card is installed with Raspberry Pi’s operating system "Raspbian wheezy". Here 2 TRANSCEND
SD 8GB memory cards are used.
4. Software Design
4.1 Tool Chain Building
On the Raspberry Pi Development Board we need to install Raspbean Operating System(O.S). It is possible
to connect 8GB SD card having the Image of the OS. After that it needs to install some image processing
related libraries for compilation the code. In this system whole code is written in the new language Python.
So it need to install first the Python libraries for image processing & GPIO’s.
importRPi.GPIO as gpio
import time
gpio.setmode(gpio.BCM)
gpio.setup(25, gpio.OUT)
while True:
gpio.output(25, gpio.HIGH)
time.sleep(1)
gpio.output(25, gpio.LOW)
time.sleep(1)
after this press Ctrl+S& then run it by pressing F5.Then for capturing video streaming it need to write
another script. We can run this on command prompt
$python test.py
For continuous video streaming avconv or ffplay
$avconv –f video4linux2 –I /dev/video0 video0.avi
$ffplay –f video4linux2 –framerate –video_size 320x240 /dev/vodeo
If we want to see output on HDMI the use
$omxplayer –o hdmi myvideo.mp4
To show capture image use
$fbi cam.jpg
If we want to capture the video by using the raspberry pi camera the we can directly used
$ raspvid –o video.h264
If want to play the recorded video the it need to install first omxplayer by using following commands
$sudo apt-get installomxplayer
Then type this commands on the pi consol
$ omxplayer video.h264
Shifting from the command line consol to the GUI it need following command
$startx
If we want to access pi as remote desktop then use
$ sshpi@192.168.1.10
4.2 Opencv Installation Steps On Raspberry Pi
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Vaibhav A. Vyavahare, IJRIT-405
To install Open CV 2.4.2 or 2.4.3 on the Ubuntu 12.04 operating system, first install a developer
environment to build Open CV.
$sudo apt-get -y install build-essential cmakepkg-conFigure
Install Image I/O libraries
$sudo apt-get -y install libjpeg62-dev
$sudo apt-get -y install libtiff4-dev libjasper-dev
Install the GTK dev library
$sudo apt-get -y install libgtk2.0-dev
Install Video I/O libraries
$sudo apt-get -y install libavcodec-devlibavformat-devlibswscale-dev libv4l-dev
Optional - install support for Firewire video cameras
$sudo apt-get -y install libdc1394-22-dev
Optional - install video streaming libraries
$sudo apt-get -y install libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev
Optional - install the Python development environment and the Python Numerical library
$sudo apt-get -y install python-dev python-numpy
Optional - install the parallel code processing library (the Intel tbb library)
$sudo apt-get -y install libtbb-dev
Optional - install the Qtdev library
$sudo apt-get -y install libqt4-dev
Now download OpenCV 2.4 to wherever you want to compile the source.
$mkdir xxx
$cd xxx
$wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/opencv-unix/2.4.2/Op...
or
$wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/opencv-unix/2.4.3/Op...
$tar -xvf OpenCV-2.4.*.tar.bz2
Create and build directory and onFigureureOpenCV with cmake. Don't forget the ..part at the end of
cmakecmd !!
$cd OpenCV-2.4.*
$mkdir build
$cd build
$cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON
-D WITH_V4L=ON
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -D WITH_QT=ON
-D WITH_OPENGL=ON
Before this it need to install cmake building toolchain
Download any version of the cmake-2.8.12.2.tar.gz
$tar xvf cmake-2.8.12.2.tar.gz
$cd cmake-2.8.12.2
$./conFigureure - -prefix=/usr
Or use
./bootsraper - - prefix=/usr system-libs
$make
$make install
Now go to build directory of the opencvcompile it by
$make
And finally install OpenCV
