The presentation at hand concerns victim assistance process with special emphasis on victimology in context of vulnerability of those abused. It advocates a restorative justice approach on one hand and rehabilitation on the other.
This document provides an overview of victimology. It defines victimology as the scientific study of victimization and describes how it examines victims' experiences. The founder of victimology is identified as Ivan de Fleur in 1943. Key topics covered include the definition of a victim and victimization, stages and impacts of victimization, types of victimization, and theories of victimization and victimology such as lifestyle theory, routine activities theory, and victim precipitation theory. The document examines how various characteristics and behaviors may influence individuals' risk of becoming victims of crime.
Victimology is the study of victims and patterns of victimization. Certain groups are more likely to experience victimization based on factors like age, gender, race, and lifestyle. Younger individuals between 12-24 and males experience higher rates of victimization overall. Females are more likely to be victimized by someone they know, while males are equally likely to be victimized by strangers or acquaintances. Blacks, Native Americans, and Hispanics also experience higher rates of victimization than whites. Victim-precipitation and lifestyle theories suggest that victimization is influenced by a victim's behaviors and routines that increase contact with motivated offenders in the absence of a capable guardian against crime.
This presentation covers the main pointers to remember while studying the schools of criminology. Compiling together in simple language, I've created a friendly presentation to help you associate the school with its salient features.
*Please open in Microsoft PPT for high definition and best effects :)
This document discusses organized crime. It defines organized crime as groups that use unlawful means like violence, threats, or corruption to gain money or advantages. It describes the characteristics of organized crime groups as having teamwork, hierarchies, planning, and effective member control. The activities of organized crime include narcotics, gambling, human trafficking, and money laundering. There are different types of organized crime like gangs, racketeering, and syndicates. The document also discusses the levels of relationship between organized crime and political corruption.
The document provides an overview of victimology in Pakistan, including:
- Victimology is an interdisciplinary field that studies victims of crime and terrorism. Victimization in Pakistan has been increasing in recent years across various crime categories.
- The criminal justice system in Pakistan is poorly equipped to support victims, with issues like corruption, lack of resources, and responsiveness. Victims face secondary victimization through the justice process.
- Specific groups like women, children, and minorities face particular forms of victimization. The rate of crimes against women is lower than other crimes but more severe in nature.
- Factors contributing to rising victimization include a lack of certainty of punishment, weapon proliferation,
This document discusses white collar crime, including definitions, types, notable cases, and issues related to white collar crime in India. It begins by defining white collar crime as financially motivated, nonviolent crimes committed by businesses and professionals. It then discusses Sutherland's definition and provides examples of types of white collar crimes such as fraud, bribery, and embezzlement. Notable cases discussed include Charles Ponzi's Ponzi scheme, Bernie Madoff's fraud, and the Enron scandal. The document also examines causes of white collar crime in India such as corruption, tax evasion, adulteration of goods, and profiteering.
Labeling theory argues that deviance is not determined by the act itself, but rather by the societal reaction to that act. Society applies labels like "criminal" or "mentally ill" to individuals who commit certain acts, influencing how those individuals see themselves and potentially causing them to engage in further deviant acts. The theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists like Howard Becker, who argued that deviance is a result of social labeling and interaction, not inherent to the individuals or acts themselves.
Transnational organized crime its conceptgagan deep
Transnational organized crime (TOC) involves criminal groups that coordinate illegal activities across national borders. TOC groups use violence and corruption to traffic drugs, arms, people, toxic waste, and other illicit goods. Several international law enforcement agencies work to combat TOC, including Interpol, Europol, and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. However, TOC remains a significant threat due to the challenges of international cooperation and the economic benefits some states and groups receive from criminal enterprises.
This document provides an overview of victimology. It defines victimology as the scientific study of victimization and describes how it examines victims' experiences. The founder of victimology is identified as Ivan de Fleur in 1943. Key topics covered include the definition of a victim and victimization, stages and impacts of victimization, types of victimization, and theories of victimization and victimology such as lifestyle theory, routine activities theory, and victim precipitation theory. The document examines how various characteristics and behaviors may influence individuals' risk of becoming victims of crime.
Victimology is the study of victims and patterns of victimization. Certain groups are more likely to experience victimization based on factors like age, gender, race, and lifestyle. Younger individuals between 12-24 and males experience higher rates of victimization overall. Females are more likely to be victimized by someone they know, while males are equally likely to be victimized by strangers or acquaintances. Blacks, Native Americans, and Hispanics also experience higher rates of victimization than whites. Victim-precipitation and lifestyle theories suggest that victimization is influenced by a victim's behaviors and routines that increase contact with motivated offenders in the absence of a capable guardian against crime.
This presentation covers the main pointers to remember while studying the schools of criminology. Compiling together in simple language, I've created a friendly presentation to help you associate the school with its salient features.
*Please open in Microsoft PPT for high definition and best effects :)
This document discusses organized crime. It defines organized crime as groups that use unlawful means like violence, threats, or corruption to gain money or advantages. It describes the characteristics of organized crime groups as having teamwork, hierarchies, planning, and effective member control. The activities of organized crime include narcotics, gambling, human trafficking, and money laundering. There are different types of organized crime like gangs, racketeering, and syndicates. The document also discusses the levels of relationship between organized crime and political corruption.
The document provides an overview of victimology in Pakistan, including:
- Victimology is an interdisciplinary field that studies victims of crime and terrorism. Victimization in Pakistan has been increasing in recent years across various crime categories.
- The criminal justice system in Pakistan is poorly equipped to support victims, with issues like corruption, lack of resources, and responsiveness. Victims face secondary victimization through the justice process.
- Specific groups like women, children, and minorities face particular forms of victimization. The rate of crimes against women is lower than other crimes but more severe in nature.
- Factors contributing to rising victimization include a lack of certainty of punishment, weapon proliferation,
This document discusses white collar crime, including definitions, types, notable cases, and issues related to white collar crime in India. It begins by defining white collar crime as financially motivated, nonviolent crimes committed by businesses and professionals. It then discusses Sutherland's definition and provides examples of types of white collar crimes such as fraud, bribery, and embezzlement. Notable cases discussed include Charles Ponzi's Ponzi scheme, Bernie Madoff's fraud, and the Enron scandal. The document also examines causes of white collar crime in India such as corruption, tax evasion, adulteration of goods, and profiteering.
Labeling theory argues that deviance is not determined by the act itself, but rather by the societal reaction to that act. Society applies labels like "criminal" or "mentally ill" to individuals who commit certain acts, influencing how those individuals see themselves and potentially causing them to engage in further deviant acts. The theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists like Howard Becker, who argued that deviance is a result of social labeling and interaction, not inherent to the individuals or acts themselves.
Transnational organized crime its conceptgagan deep
Transnational organized crime (TOC) involves criminal groups that coordinate illegal activities across national borders. TOC groups use violence and corruption to traffic drugs, arms, people, toxic waste, and other illicit goods. Several international law enforcement agencies work to combat TOC, including Interpol, Europol, and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. However, TOC remains a significant threat due to the challenges of international cooperation and the economic benefits some states and groups receive from criminal enterprises.
Community Policing And The Community Powerpointjclaytonjr
Community policing is a strategy that builds partnerships between law enforcement and communities to improve public safety. It involves problem-solving tactics like COPPS, POP, and SARA to address issues collaboratively. Patrols are designed to fit each community's needs through various methods like foot, vehicle, horse, and K-9 units. Community policing is supported by programs such as Neighborhood Watch, PAL, and DARE that educate the public and prevent crime. When implemented effectively through partnership and problem-solving, community policing improves communities by reducing crime and empowering residents.
This document summarizes information about victimization from a criminology course. It discusses the social ecology and characteristics of victimizations, as well as theories of victimization. The key points are:
1) Victimization risk varies based on location (e.g. public vs. private), gender, age, social status, and other demographic factors.
2) Theories of victimization like lifestyle theory and routine activities theory suggest victimization risk increases through behaviors like frequenting risky locations, having valuable possessions, and lacking capable guardians.
3) Victimization can cause economic losses, suffering, stress, PTSD and increased risk of anti-social behavior in victims.
The document discusses hate crimes and discrimination against Arab Americans. It provides examples of hate crimes such as assault, harassment and hate mail. It also gives examples of discrimination in the workplace and by airlines. It discusses the role of the Anti Discrimination Community in combating defamation of Arab Americans and promoting understanding. Finally, it suggests actions people can take to prevent hate crimes such as encouraging tolerance, respect for others, and education.
The Classical school of criminology emerged during the 18th century Enlightenment. It was founded by Cesare Beccaria and focused on using rational thought and human nature to reduce crime. The school believed people commit crimes by calculating costs and benefits, so punishment must be certain, swift and proportional to deter criminal behavior. They advocated for legislative reform to standardized punishments to ensure fair, equal and rapid punishment for specific crimes.
Child protection- Social action litigation as a catalystNilendra Kumar
Judiciary has come forward in the sphere of child care and protection by not only interpreting the statues where so needed but also by adopting an active stance to take innovative steps for child care.
1. Early psychological explanations of criminal behavior included demonic possession, physical abnormalities, and mental retardation. Rational choice theory proposed that criminal acts result from weighing rewards against risks and deterrence of punishment.
2. Major modern theories include psychodynamic perspectives focusing on childhood experiences and personality development, behaviorism which posits that aggression is learned through modeling, and cognitive theories examining faulty information processing and moral development.
3. Biological factors like biochemical imbalances, genetics, neurological defects, and evolutionary influences on aggression are also considered, as are trait theories related to antisocial personality and intelligence. Dominant views today recognize the interaction between psychological and sociological influences in contributing to criminal behavior.
Cesare Lombroso was an Italian criminologist who founded the Italian School of Positivist Criminology in the 19th century. He developed the theory of atavism, which claimed that criminals have hereditary tendencies that are transmitted genetically and that criminals can be identified by physical abnormalities. Lombroso classified criminals into three categories: hereditary criminals, insane criminals, and criminoids. While his theory of physical criminal types was widely criticized and has been disproven, Lombroso made important contributions by shifting criminology's focus to the individual criminal rather than just their crimes. His work emphasized studying criminals scientifically and treating them individually rather than just punishing their acts.
This document discusses organized crime, defining it as criminal activities carried out by groups of individuals. It outlines different types of crimes, reasons why people commit crimes, and some famous organized crime organizations like the mafia. The document also lists some common activities of organized crime groups such as prostitution, gambling, and money laundering. It concludes with recommendations for how to defeat organized crime, such as improving law enforcement and social programs.
The document discusses hate crimes and federal statutes related to them. It defines a hate crime as a criminal act motivated by bias towards race, religion, ethnicity, disability or sexual orientation. It outlines several federal statutes that pertain to conspiracy against rights, interference with federally protected activities, and damage to religious property. It also discusses hate crime trends, typical victims and perpetrators, and reasons why some victims may fail to report hate crimes.
Physiological theories of crime argue that criminal behavior is innate and biologically determined. Early theories included demonology which attributed crime to demonic possession, and phrenology which claimed that certain skull and facial features identified "born criminals." Later studies examined body types, with some finding convicts were more likely to be mesomorphs. Adoption studies found that adoptees with criminal biological parents were more likely to have criminal records themselves, though this was mitigated by improved social conditions. Modern biological theories examine biochemical, neurophysiological, and genetic factors but are limited as most deviant acts are committed by physically normal individuals, and biological factors do not fully explain variations in crime rates between societies.
The document provides an overview of the field of criminology, including its goals of studying criminal behavior through the scientific method and interdisciplinary approaches. It discusses what criminologists do, such as measuring and analyzing crime, developing theories of crime causation, and studying punishment. A brief history of criminology is also presented, from classical to contemporary approaches. Key concepts like what constitutes a crime and the role of criminal law are summarized.
To be found guilty of a criminal offence in Canada, two elements must be proven: actus reus (the physical act) and mens rea (the mental element of intent). The Crown prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed the prohibited act (actus reus) with criminal intent or knowledge (mens rea). Some regulatory offences are strict liability, requiring only proof of the act, while absolute liability offences do not consider intent at all.
The document discusses the concept and importance of aftercare services for prisoners released from correctional institutions. It outlines that aftercare aims to help rehabilitate ex-prisoners and reintegrate them into society through assistance like counseling, job placement, housing, etc. to prevent recidivism. The document traces the historical development of aftercare services in various countries like the UK, US, Singapore and India and highlights key committees and recommendations that shaped policies and programs.
This document is a student project analyzing the use of solitary confinement. It provides background on the history of solitary confinement dating back to the 1800s. It discusses how solitary confinement is implemented in the US and India, noting that in India the maximum period is 3 months not exceeding 14 days at a time. The document also examines the arguments that solitary confinement is inhumane due to the mental health impacts it can have, but others believe it provides necessary protection. It analyzes several court cases related to challenging solitary confinement as cruel and unusual punishment.
Strain theory argues that people engage in crime due to strain or stress in their lives. They may commit crimes like violence, theft, or drug use to reduce or escape from strain caused by issues like harassment, financial problems, or abusive relationships. Social learning theory claims people learn criminal behavior through association with criminal peers and by being reinforced for criminal acts. Control theory takes a different approach, arguing that people naturally want to satisfy their desires through crime but refrain from it due to controls like rules, monitoring by authority figures, and the threat of sanctions.
The brief history of criminology progressed through several perspectives on the causes of crime. The Demonic perspective during the Middle Ages viewed crime as the result of demonic possession or temptation. The Classical school that emerged in the late 1700s focused on free will and deterrence through punishment. The Positivist school in the mid-1800s took a scientific approach and viewed criminals as biologically or mentally different. Sociological criminology from the mid-1800s onward examined social factors like family, peers, and environment that influence criminal behavior.
This document discusses victims and victimization from several perspectives. It begins by defining who is considered a victim and the harms they can experience. Certain groups are at higher risk of victimization due to factors like lifestyle, age, gender, race, social status and repeat victimization. The nature and locations of victimization are also examined. Several theories of victimization are then outlined, including lifestyle theory, routine activity theory, and victim precipitation theory. The roles of suitable targets, lack of guardians, and motivated offenders in allowing crimes of opportunity are also discussed in the context of routine activity theory.
The document discusses child abuse, including definitions, statistics, types of abuse, and consequences. It defines a child as under 18 and abuse as physical or mental harm caused by others. Every day in the US, about 4 children die from abuse. Types of abuse include physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. Child abuse can cause long-term physical, psychological, behavioral, and social effects. The document recommends strengthening laws against abuse, empowering children, educating the public, and rehabilitation.
This document discusses child abuse in Egypt. It provides definitions of child abuse, outlines children's rights according to the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood in Egypt, and describes the main types of child abuse - physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect. It examines risk factors for child abuse and the health consequences. It discusses the role of family physicians in identifying and responding to suspected child abuse cases. Finally, it outlines some national initiatives and programs in Egypt aimed at eliminating child abuse practices like female genital mutilation, protecting street children, and strengthening the juvenile justice system.
Community Policing And The Community Powerpointjclaytonjr
Community policing is a strategy that builds partnerships between law enforcement and communities to improve public safety. It involves problem-solving tactics like COPPS, POP, and SARA to address issues collaboratively. Patrols are designed to fit each community's needs through various methods like foot, vehicle, horse, and K-9 units. Community policing is supported by programs such as Neighborhood Watch, PAL, and DARE that educate the public and prevent crime. When implemented effectively through partnership and problem-solving, community policing improves communities by reducing crime and empowering residents.
This document summarizes information about victimization from a criminology course. It discusses the social ecology and characteristics of victimizations, as well as theories of victimization. The key points are:
1) Victimization risk varies based on location (e.g. public vs. private), gender, age, social status, and other demographic factors.
2) Theories of victimization like lifestyle theory and routine activities theory suggest victimization risk increases through behaviors like frequenting risky locations, having valuable possessions, and lacking capable guardians.
3) Victimization can cause economic losses, suffering, stress, PTSD and increased risk of anti-social behavior in victims.
The document discusses hate crimes and discrimination against Arab Americans. It provides examples of hate crimes such as assault, harassment and hate mail. It also gives examples of discrimination in the workplace and by airlines. It discusses the role of the Anti Discrimination Community in combating defamation of Arab Americans and promoting understanding. Finally, it suggests actions people can take to prevent hate crimes such as encouraging tolerance, respect for others, and education.
The Classical school of criminology emerged during the 18th century Enlightenment. It was founded by Cesare Beccaria and focused on using rational thought and human nature to reduce crime. The school believed people commit crimes by calculating costs and benefits, so punishment must be certain, swift and proportional to deter criminal behavior. They advocated for legislative reform to standardized punishments to ensure fair, equal and rapid punishment for specific crimes.
Child protection- Social action litigation as a catalystNilendra Kumar
Judiciary has come forward in the sphere of child care and protection by not only interpreting the statues where so needed but also by adopting an active stance to take innovative steps for child care.
1. Early psychological explanations of criminal behavior included demonic possession, physical abnormalities, and mental retardation. Rational choice theory proposed that criminal acts result from weighing rewards against risks and deterrence of punishment.
2. Major modern theories include psychodynamic perspectives focusing on childhood experiences and personality development, behaviorism which posits that aggression is learned through modeling, and cognitive theories examining faulty information processing and moral development.
3. Biological factors like biochemical imbalances, genetics, neurological defects, and evolutionary influences on aggression are also considered, as are trait theories related to antisocial personality and intelligence. Dominant views today recognize the interaction between psychological and sociological influences in contributing to criminal behavior.
Cesare Lombroso was an Italian criminologist who founded the Italian School of Positivist Criminology in the 19th century. He developed the theory of atavism, which claimed that criminals have hereditary tendencies that are transmitted genetically and that criminals can be identified by physical abnormalities. Lombroso classified criminals into three categories: hereditary criminals, insane criminals, and criminoids. While his theory of physical criminal types was widely criticized and has been disproven, Lombroso made important contributions by shifting criminology's focus to the individual criminal rather than just their crimes. His work emphasized studying criminals scientifically and treating them individually rather than just punishing their acts.
This document discusses organized crime, defining it as criminal activities carried out by groups of individuals. It outlines different types of crimes, reasons why people commit crimes, and some famous organized crime organizations like the mafia. The document also lists some common activities of organized crime groups such as prostitution, gambling, and money laundering. It concludes with recommendations for how to defeat organized crime, such as improving law enforcement and social programs.
The document discusses hate crimes and federal statutes related to them. It defines a hate crime as a criminal act motivated by bias towards race, religion, ethnicity, disability or sexual orientation. It outlines several federal statutes that pertain to conspiracy against rights, interference with federally protected activities, and damage to religious property. It also discusses hate crime trends, typical victims and perpetrators, and reasons why some victims may fail to report hate crimes.
Physiological theories of crime argue that criminal behavior is innate and biologically determined. Early theories included demonology which attributed crime to demonic possession, and phrenology which claimed that certain skull and facial features identified "born criminals." Later studies examined body types, with some finding convicts were more likely to be mesomorphs. Adoption studies found that adoptees with criminal biological parents were more likely to have criminal records themselves, though this was mitigated by improved social conditions. Modern biological theories examine biochemical, neurophysiological, and genetic factors but are limited as most deviant acts are committed by physically normal individuals, and biological factors do not fully explain variations in crime rates between societies.
The document provides an overview of the field of criminology, including its goals of studying criminal behavior through the scientific method and interdisciplinary approaches. It discusses what criminologists do, such as measuring and analyzing crime, developing theories of crime causation, and studying punishment. A brief history of criminology is also presented, from classical to contemporary approaches. Key concepts like what constitutes a crime and the role of criminal law are summarized.
To be found guilty of a criminal offence in Canada, two elements must be proven: actus reus (the physical act) and mens rea (the mental element of intent). The Crown prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed the prohibited act (actus reus) with criminal intent or knowledge (mens rea). Some regulatory offences are strict liability, requiring only proof of the act, while absolute liability offences do not consider intent at all.
The document discusses the concept and importance of aftercare services for prisoners released from correctional institutions. It outlines that aftercare aims to help rehabilitate ex-prisoners and reintegrate them into society through assistance like counseling, job placement, housing, etc. to prevent recidivism. The document traces the historical development of aftercare services in various countries like the UK, US, Singapore and India and highlights key committees and recommendations that shaped policies and programs.
This document is a student project analyzing the use of solitary confinement. It provides background on the history of solitary confinement dating back to the 1800s. It discusses how solitary confinement is implemented in the US and India, noting that in India the maximum period is 3 months not exceeding 14 days at a time. The document also examines the arguments that solitary confinement is inhumane due to the mental health impacts it can have, but others believe it provides necessary protection. It analyzes several court cases related to challenging solitary confinement as cruel and unusual punishment.
Strain theory argues that people engage in crime due to strain or stress in their lives. They may commit crimes like violence, theft, or drug use to reduce or escape from strain caused by issues like harassment, financial problems, or abusive relationships. Social learning theory claims people learn criminal behavior through association with criminal peers and by being reinforced for criminal acts. Control theory takes a different approach, arguing that people naturally want to satisfy their desires through crime but refrain from it due to controls like rules, monitoring by authority figures, and the threat of sanctions.
The brief history of criminology progressed through several perspectives on the causes of crime. The Demonic perspective during the Middle Ages viewed crime as the result of demonic possession or temptation. The Classical school that emerged in the late 1700s focused on free will and deterrence through punishment. The Positivist school in the mid-1800s took a scientific approach and viewed criminals as biologically or mentally different. Sociological criminology from the mid-1800s onward examined social factors like family, peers, and environment that influence criminal behavior.
This document discusses victims and victimization from several perspectives. It begins by defining who is considered a victim and the harms they can experience. Certain groups are at higher risk of victimization due to factors like lifestyle, age, gender, race, social status and repeat victimization. The nature and locations of victimization are also examined. Several theories of victimization are then outlined, including lifestyle theory, routine activity theory, and victim precipitation theory. The roles of suitable targets, lack of guardians, and motivated offenders in allowing crimes of opportunity are also discussed in the context of routine activity theory.
The document discusses child abuse, including definitions, statistics, types of abuse, and consequences. It defines a child as under 18 and abuse as physical or mental harm caused by others. Every day in the US, about 4 children die from abuse. Types of abuse include physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. Child abuse can cause long-term physical, psychological, behavioral, and social effects. The document recommends strengthening laws against abuse, empowering children, educating the public, and rehabilitation.
This document discusses child abuse in Egypt. It provides definitions of child abuse, outlines children's rights according to the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood in Egypt, and describes the main types of child abuse - physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect. It examines risk factors for child abuse and the health consequences. It discusses the role of family physicians in identifying and responding to suspected child abuse cases. Finally, it outlines some national initiatives and programs in Egypt aimed at eliminating child abuse practices like female genital mutilation, protecting street children, and strengthening the juvenile justice system.
The document discusses child abuse and children's rights. It defines various forms of child abuse, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. It provides definitions of child abuse from different organizations and discusses risk factors. It also outlines children's rights such as access to education, health services, and protection from exploitation. The document emphasizes the importance of protecting children's rights and welfare.
Awareness of protection and safeguardingmwalsh2015
The document discusses protecting vulnerable people from harm, abuse, and neglect. It defines vulnerable adults as those over 18 who may need community care due to issues like disability, age, or illness. It also notes that children under 18 are considered vulnerable and lists some factors that could increase a child's vulnerability. The document outlines different types of abuse - physical, sexual, psychological, financial, etc. - and emphasizes the importance of safeguarding practices like information sharing, maintaining confidentiality appropriately, involving service users in decisions, and everyone playing a role in protecting vulnerable people.
The government enacted RA 7610 on June 17, 1992 to allow the State to play a vital role in the safe and wholesome rearing of children for them to be protected and to become good citizens of the country.
A PRESENTATION ON CHILD ABUSE, DELIVERED TO PUPIL OF UNILAG STAFF SCHOOL.pdfAngelina Johnson
This presentation discusses child abuse and children's rights. It defines various types of child abuse including physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. Risk factors for abuse are outlined. The health consequences of abuse are severe and can include death. The family physician plays an important role in protecting children through suspecting, inspecting, collecting evidence of, and reporting suspected abuse while respecting the child and family. Physical indicators of abuse discovered by doctors include suspicious bruises, burns, fractures and injuries to the head or face.
The document discusses laws and policies in the Philippines related to protecting children, including Republic Act 7610 which defines child abuse and special protections for children. It outlines definitions of a child and child abuse. Specifically, it defines child prostitution, trafficking, and obscene publications involving children as illegal acts. The law establishes comprehensive programs to prevent child abuse, exploitation, and discrimination. It prescribes criminal penalties for violating provisions regarding child prostitution, trafficking, and use in obscene materials.
Final cpac ais identification reporting of child abuse 8 13 10CSD
This document provides information on identifying and reporting child abuse and neglect in Delaware. It defines the different types of abuse and neglect, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional maltreatment and neglect. It outlines physical and behavioral indicators of abuse/neglect in children and risk factors in parents/caretakers. It also discusses Delaware laws regarding required reporting of abuse/neglect and protections for good faith reporters.
Social work practice with children and adolescents requires a developmentally sensitive, multisystem approach that emphasizes prevention and early intervention. Social workers must assess risk and protective factors in the child's family, neighborhood, community, and broader social environment. Practice also requires attention to ethics and values due to challenges around issues like confidentiality and self-determination for minors.
The document discusses the situation of Filipino children and young persons. It finds that behaviors like drug use, alcohol consumption, and smoking have declined among youth aged 15-24 compared to a decade ago. However, literacy rates remain high and many children still face risks like poverty, disability, abuse, and hazardous working conditions. While access to education has improved, youth rank low in areas like economic opportunity and citizen participation. Overall the data shows both improvements and ongoing challenges for young people in the Philippines.
Republic Act No. 7610
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR STRONGER DETERRENCE AND SPECIAL PROTECTION AGAINST CHILD ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
New Jersey Division of Child Protection and Permanency v.T.docxvannagoforth
New Jersey Division of Child Protection and Permanency v.Tina Jones;
In the Matter of Trevor Jones
On May 5, 2018, the Division of Child Protection and Permanency (DCPP, formerly known as “DYFS”) was contacted by a teacher to report concerns regarding Trevor Jones, age 7. The teacher alleged that Trevor has a large bruise on his arm a few weeks ago, engaged in disruptive behavior, exercised very little self-control, hit other students and threatened to harm himself. The Division conducted its investigation, but determined that the neglect allegation was unfounded.
In the course of the investigation, the social worker obtained Trevor’s school records, and learned from the school that Trevor was receiving special education services, including behavioral counseling for ADHD.
Two months later, July 5, 2018, the Division received another referral from a neighbor in the apartment building where Trevor and his mother lived alleging that Trevor was home alone. The worker went to the home, knocked on the door, and Trevor answered. He said his mom was not home but he wasn’t sure where she was. The worker found the home in disarray and little food in the house. She was in the apartment for approximately fifteen minutes before Ms. Jones returned home. Trevor was not distraught, hungry or physically harmed. He told Ms. Jones that he was watching television.
When Ms. Jones returned home with her boyfriend, Don, she told the worker that she had been to the laundromat. The worker did not see Ms. Jones carrying any laundry, however. While interviewing Ms. Jones, the worker believed that Ms. Jones appeared to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Ms. Jones denied being under the influence on that day, but did admit to using marijuana on occasion to cope with the stressors of raising Trevor.
After speaking with his supervisor, the worker conducted an emergency removal of Trevor and he was placed in a foster/resource home.
Please write a response (minimum of 3 paragraphs) addressing the following:
1. Did Child Protective Services act appropriately in removing Trevor from his mother’s custody? Explain your position.
2. Is Trevor an abused or neglected child? If so, what types of abuse are present?
3. As an advocate for Trevor, what types of assistance do you think he needs?
1
CHILDREN & JUSTICE
What is child abuse?
Legal definition: N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.9 Child abuse defined:
"Abused child" means a child under the age of 18 years whose parent, guardian, or other person having his custody and control:
a. Inflicts or allows to be inflicted upon such child physical injury by other than accidental means which causes or creates a substantial risk of death, or serious or protracted disfigurement, or protracted impairment of physical or emotional health or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily organ;
b. Creates or allows to be created a substantial or ongoing risk of physical injury to such child by other than a ...
The document discusses key principles of child protection including defining child protection, types of child abuse, vulnerability, and best interests of the child. It emphasizes creating a protective environment for children through preventing abuse, realizing children's rights, and restoring hope for abuse survivors. Vulnerability is described as a state where rights are at risk and can fluctuate over time based on protective or risk factors. Best interests of the child requires considering children's rights, welfare, development and protection in all decisions affecting them. Confidentiality guidelines include only sharing identities of involved parties with those who need to know, keeping anonymous records, and ensuring safety and consent when discussing cases.
This document discusses child abuse as a global problem that occurs in various forms and is rooted in cultural, economic, and social practices. It defines different types of child abuse, including physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. Risk factors for child abuse are outlined. The document also discusses the health consequences of child abuse, indicators that family doctors can identify, and common features of successful child abuse prevention programs.
This document outlines the rights of children based on Philippine law and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It discusses four main types of children's rights: survival and development rights, protection rights, participation rights, and provides examples of how these rights have been implemented or violated based on news articles and individual stories. The rights discussed include rights to life, nutrition, health care, protection from discrimination, abuse and exploitation, participation in decisions affecting them, and living in a safe environment conducive to healthy development.
This Output is part of the requirement for the Subject Childhood and Adolescent Development. Part of this output is an outline of the Rights of Children based on the
Defining Child Abuse, Neglect and AbandonmentPursuant toLinaCovington707
Defining Child Abuse, Neglect and Abandonment
Pursuant to Fla. Stat. Chapter 39, there are three primary grounds that warrant state child protection intervention:
1. Child Abuse
2. Child Neglect
3. Child Abandonment
Defining Child Abuse, Neglect and Abandonment
Pursuant to Chapter 39,
“Abandoned” means a situation in which the parent or legal custodian of a child….makes no provision for the child’s support and makes no effort to communicate with the child which situation is sufficient to evince a willful rejection of parental obligations. Fla. Stat. 39.01(1) (2005)
Defining Child Abuse, Neglect and Abandonment
Pursuant to Chapter 39,
“Abuse” means any willful act or threatened act that results in any physical, mental or sexual injury or harm that causes or is likely to cause the child’s physical mental or emotional health to be significantly impaired. Child abuse includes acts or omissions. Corporal discipline of a child by a parent for disciplinary purposes does not constitute abuse when it does not result in harm to the child. (Fla. Stat. 39.01(2) (2005))
Defining Child Abuse, Neglect and Abandonment
Pursuant to Chapter 39,
“Neglect” occurs when a child is deprived of, or is allowed to be deprived of, necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical treatment or a child is permitted to live in an environment when such deprivation or environment causes the child’s physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired or to be in danger of being significantly impaired. If the circumstances are caused primarily by financial inability, they do not constitute neglect unless actual services for relief have been offered and rejected. (Fla. Stat. 39.01(45) (2005))
Defining Child Abuse, Neglect and Abandonment
Pursuant to Chapter 39,
“Dependent” children are those children that have been found by a court to have been abandoned, abused or neglected or to be at substantial risk of imminent abuse, abandonment or neglect by the parents or legal custodians. (Fla. Stat. 39.01(14) (2005))
Taking Dependent Children into State Care
If a law enforcement official or an agent of the department has taken a child into physical custody and there is probable cause to believe the child has been abused, abandoned or neglected or is at imminent risk of being abused abandoned or neglected, the department shall file a shelter petition with the court bringing the child before the court within 24 hours of removal of the child. (Fla. Stat. 39.401(3) (2005))
Taking Dependent Children into State Care
A child taken into custody may be placed or continued in a shelter only if the court has made a specific finding of fact regarding the necessity for removal of the child from the home and has made a determination that the provision of appropriate and available services will not eliminate the need for placement. (Fla. Stat. 39.402(2) (2005))
To continue the child in shelter, the department must establish probable cause that re ...
The document discusses several theories related to victimization:
1) Precipitation theory suggests some victims provoke attacks through their actions, while others unintentionally motivate attackers due to characteristics like gender or age.
2) Lifestyle theory argues those with riskier lifestyles like drug/alcohol use and criminal involvement face higher victimization rates.
3) Deviant place theory claims living in high-crime, disorganized areas increases victimization risk regardless of individual behaviors.
4) Routine activities theory links victimization to interactions between suitable targets, lack of guardianship, and motivated offenders that routine activities can expose people to.
The document discusses several theories related to victimization:
1) Precipitation theory suggests some victims provoke attacks through their actions, while others unintentionally motivate attackers due to characteristics like gender or age.
2) Lifestyle theory argues those with riskier lifestyles like drug/alcohol use and criminal associations have higher victimization rates.
3) Deviant place theory claims living in high-crime, disorganized areas increases victimization risk regardless of individual behaviors.
4) Routine activities theory sees victimization as the result of interactions between suitable targets, lack of guardianship, and motivated offenders in everyday activities. Those engaging in risky behaviors alone or in high-crime areas face greater risk
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3. A presentation in relation to
children.
“Many abused children cling to the
hope that growing up will bring escape
and freedom.”
-Judith Lewis Herman
Psychiatrist, Teacher & Author.
4. CHILD
Means a person who has not completed
eighteen years of age– The Juvenile Justice
(Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
Section 2(12).
5. A child below the age of eighteen years. –The Juvenile
Justice Act, Section 2(35).
6. Constitution of India in Chapter III concerning
fundamental rights contains a number of provision
that show its concern for the children.
7. Is the intentional application of sexual, physical, emotional,
or psychological injury to a child to include neglect at the
hands of her or his parental or care provider within the
confines of then family or place of care.
8. In the context of crime,
means:
A person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of
crime, accident, or other event or action.
It also refers to a person who is tricked or duped.
He is an identifiable person who has been harmed
individually and directly by the perpetrator.
9. In all cases of child abuse or child neglect or when
the targeted in a crime, it is a child who is the
ultimate victim. He is the sufferer. He undergoes
physical, mental and emotional damage. At times,
his image, social status and reputation is also
harmed.
10. A person who has been physically, financially
or emotionally injured and/or had his/her
property taken or damaged by someone
committing a crime.
11. Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only
of religion, race, caste, creed, sex, place of birth or any of
them.
Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from
making any special provision for women and children.
12. Chapter IV relating to Directive Principles of State Policy
also address the special needs of children that warrant
due address.
13. ARTICLE 39
The State shall in particular, direct its policy towards securing-
(a) Xxx
(b) Xxx
(c) Xxx
(d) xxx
(e) that xxx the tender age of children is not abused
(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy
manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth
are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.
14. Art. 51A- It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities
for education to his children, or as the case may be, ward
between the age of six and fourteen years.
15. MEANING OF TERMS USED
VICTIMIZE-
to make a victim of.
VICTIMIZATION-
the action of singling someone out for cruel or unjust treatment. This also
refers to an event where people, communities and institutions are damaged
or injured in a significant way.
PERPETRATOR OR OFFENDER-
the individual who has committed the crime against the victim.
16. Is the study of the victims of crime and the psychological
effects of their experience.
It is also a mental attitude which tends to indulge and
perpetuate the feeling of being a victim.
It is the study of the ways in which the behavior of a crime
victims may have led to or contributed to their
victimization.
17. It is the resumption of the same or better level of
functionality as was enjoyed by the victim prior to
victimization.
18. It is the origin or cause of a victimization; the
constellation of variables which caused a
victimization to occur.
19. A victimization where the victim causes, in part or totally,
ones own victimization.
20. A physical, psychological, social, material or financial
condition whereby a person or an object has a weakness
which could render one a victim of another person or where
others could recognize these weaknesses and take
advantage of them.
21. The violation of a national or international standard in the
use of organized powerful forces such that people are
injured physically, mentally, emotionally, economically, or
violation of their rights, as a direct and international result
of the misapplication of these forces.
22. REMOVED
Means to take (something)away or off from the position
occupied, i.e., to detach, separate, disconnect, pull out or
withdraw.
RESCUED
Means to save someone from a dangerous or difficult
situation, i.e., to free, liberate, extricate or recover.
REHABLITATED
Means to restore someone to normal, i.e., life, restore,
reintegrate or reinstall.
23. Refers to having experienced multiple
victimizations such as sexual abuse, physical abuse,
domestic violence and bullying etc.
24. 1. Vulnerability due to age and limited physical capacity.
2. Limited mental or intellectual capacity.
3. Shame.
4. Poverty.
5. Position of dependence.
6. Abuse of trust.
25. 1. High risk of re-victimization.
2. Poly-victimization.
3. Having more older siblings may be both a risk factor or a protective factor.
4. Out of school or drop out kids face greater risk.
26. 1. The offender has already abused the victim and taken advantage.
2. Often the offender is superior in physical, monetary or societal , strength,
domination.
3. The offender has betrayed the trust or misused his authority.
4. The victim feels cheated, wronged, violated.
5. The legal regime proceeds on a position that the accused is innocent.
Consequently, burden falls on the victim to establish having been wronged.
28. OBJECT OF VICTIMOLOGY
Consider what mental trauma, emotions and stress a victim goes through ?
The feelings of anger, shame, helplessness, defeatism, isolation, anguish,
betrayal are felt by him/her. He/she goes through fear, anxiety, nervousness,
self blame.
In such an emotionally disturbed state, what help, counselling and support
he/she gets from the family, society or the state?
Law enforcement agencies use the study of victimology to determine
why the victim was targeted by the offender.
29. 1. Criminology – The scientific study of crime and criminals. To
illustrate, study of pick pocketing and pick pockets.
2. Penology – The study of punishment of crime and prison
management. For example, research of those convicted for sale of
drugs and their behavior as inmates of prison.
3. Psychology – The scientific study of human mind and its functions,
especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
4. Psychiatry – The study and treatment of mental illness, emotional
disturbance and abnormal behavior.
30. 5. Social behavioral science – Social behavior is the study of behavior of
persons within the society or between members of the same species. It is
the study of behaviorally disturbances in general.
6. Neuro sciences – Regarding adolescent brain, it is the scientific study of
the nervous system. It deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular
biology and physiology of neurons and neural circuits.
31. Study the relationships between the offenders, the victims,
and the group dynamics in society.
Examples may include, Mothers against drunk drivers
(MADD), Parents of students ragged (PSR) etc.
32. 1. Child trafficking.
2. Child labour.
3. Victims of sexual crimes.
4. Child marriages.
5. Cruelty to child.
6. Employment of child for begging.
7. Substance abuse.
8. Exploitation of a child employee.
9. Adoption without following prescribed procedure.
10. Sale and procurement of children.
11. Corporal punishment.
12. Use of child by militant groups or other adults.
13. Kidnapping and abduction.
14. Offences committed on disabled children.
15. Abetment.
34. Identify high risk children and make them priority
targets for prevention efforts.
35. PREVIOUS APPROACH
The psychiatrists diagnosed child molestation as a
form of mental illness, terming the illness, “sexual
psychopathy”. They suggested a treatment for the
patient : the patient should be hospitalized until ‘well’
or normal again.
36. The experience of the child who is called upon to
testify in a child abuse or sexual abuse case is
usually characterized by a difficult dilemma, the
child fears that his or her evidence would result in
even more severe abuse. Further, the act of “telling
on one’s parents” may be perceived by the child as
the ultimate disloyalty.
39. 1. Health needs.
2. Emotional and psychological needs.
3. Education and training needs.
4. Leisure, creativity and play.
5. Attachments and relationships.
6. Protection from all kinds of abuse, neglect and maltreatment.
7. Social mainstreaming.
8. Follow up post release and restoration.
- The Juvenile Justice Model Rules 2007, Rule 2
(h).
40. It could be said that far more concern has been
shown for the rights of the criminals than the
rights of the victims of crime.
41. 1. Right to receive information about the status of the
case.
2. Right to apply for financial compensation to pay for
psychological assistance.
42. 1. Attendance of parent or guardian of child (Section
90).
2. Travel reimbursement for self and one escort
(Section 91(2)).
3. Presumption and determination of age.
4. AILAC Advocates.
43. S. No Description of injury/loss Minimum Amount of
Compensation
1. Acid attack Rs. 3 lacs
2. Rape Rs. 3 lacs
3. Physical abuse of minor Rs. 2 lacs
4. Rehabilitation of victim of human trafficking Rs. 1 lac
5. Sexual assault (Excluding rape) Rs. 50,000
6. Death Rs. 2 lacs
7. Permanent disability (80% or more) Rs. 2 lacs
8. Partial disability (40% to 80%) Rs. 1 lac
9. Burns affecting greater than 25% of the body (except acid
attacks)
Rs. 2 lacs
10. Loss of fetus Rs. 50,000
11. Loss of fertility Rs. 1.5 lacs
12. Women victims of cross border firing: (a)Rs. 2 lacs
44. Note – If the victims is less than 14
years of age, the compensation shall
be increased by 50% over the amount
specified in the previous slide.
45. “The board will take into account pain, suffering and shock
as well as loss of earnings due to pregnancy and the
expenses of child birth if this occurred as a result of rape.”
- Delhi Domestic Working Women’s Forum V UOI , (1995)
1 SCC 14.
46. Is the notion whereby victims are compensated in
relation to the injuries inflicted upon them. It is a
form of justice that affords monetary value to the
extent of a person’s injuries.
47. Is the re-integration into society of a convicted
person. It is the main objective of modern penal
policy, to counter habitual offending , also known as
criminal recidivism.
48. It is to return what has been unjustly taken, to place the
owner of a thing in the state in which he formerly was. It is
the act of bringing back something that existed before.
49. The process of transitioning from a state in which
an individual was not a functioning member of
society into a state where the individual controls
and directs his own life.
50. RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
It is an approach to criminal justice which focuses on the
rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with
victims and the community at large.
51. It is an approach to justice that personalize the crime by
having the victims and offenders mediate a restitution
agreement to the satisfaction of each, as well as involving
the community.
This approach considers crime and wrong doing to be an
offence against an individual or community rather than
the State.
52. Recent scientific research has shown that the
adolescent brain processes information differently from
that of an adult. Studies on the causes of attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism of
relevance to juvenile justice have indicated that certain
characteristics of adolescents like their impulsivity,
disregard of consequences, vulnerability to peer
pressure, irresponsibility and tendency to take risks are
due to their neurological immaturity
rather than symptoms of deviance.
53. It involves least restrictive sanction on the
juvenile that enhances juvenile’s
accountability for the offence, provides the
victim relief, and protects the community.
54. It advocates that victims are better served by an attempt to
reconcile, where appropriate, the victim and the offender.
The ultimate purpose is that victims should have a role in the
re-entry of offenders.
The offender accepts responsibility for the offence, expresses
remorse for the crime , and often makes some practical form of
compensation to the crime victim.
55. Search for solutions that promote repair,
reconciliation and rebuilding of relationship.
It offers response by use of restorative solutions to
repair the harm related to conflict, crime and
victimization.
56. To inject restorative justice into the adversarial
justice system.
LOGIC
1. Victim gains nothing from the punishment
awarded to the offender .
2. The court is unaware of the economic , mental or
sentimental consequences of the injury caused /
crime committed.
57. It is a formal process for face to face meeting in the
presence of a trained mediator between the victim of a
crime and his/her offender who committed that crime. That
is also called victim-offender dialogue, victim/offender
conferencing, victim- offender reconciliation or restorative
justice. The two sides may be joined by their
families and community members etc.
58. UK and Wales- Victim Personal Statement.
US and Canada- Victim Impact Statement.
These describe the impact of the crime on his or her life,
including physical, social, psychological and financial
harms.
59. Means any behavior, conduct, practice, process, attitude,
environment or treatment that is humane, considerate and
in the best interest of child.
– Juvenile Justice Model Rules 2007, Rule
2(d).
60. Means the basis, for any decision taken regarding
the child, is to ensure fulfillment of his basic rights
and needs, identity, social well being and physical,
emotional and intellectual development.
61. 1. There is a connection between victim participation and
their welfare.
2. The assumption that the victims are vengeful may not be
correct.
3. Victims can also be forgiving while also being expressive
about what they perceive as injustice.
4. Victims of serious offences want a voice to communicate
their sense of harm sustained.
62. Restitution has the benefit of punishment at less
cost than imprisonment, or extended probation,
providing some compensation for the loss suffered
by the victim and a possibility to encourage
rehabilitation and discourage recidivism. The court
may order the delinquent to perform services or pay
the victim, full or partial restitution, depending on
the juvenile’s age, physical and mental state and
reasonable earning capacity.
63. USA:
Many states follow ‘restorative justice’ concept. The range
of possible restorative sanctions includes restitutions,
community service and victim-offender mediation.
64. The above statute gives power to the courts to make an ancillary order for
compensation in addition to the main penalty in cases where injury , loss of
damage had resulted. In cases where fines and compensation were given
together , the payment of compensation should take priority over fine.
These developments signified a major shift in penological thinking, reflecting
the growing importance attached to restitution and separation over the more
narrowly retributive aims of conventional punishment.
If the court fails to make a compensation order it must furnish reasons.
Where reasons are given, the victim may apply for these to be subjected to
judicial review.
The Oxford Handbook Of Criminology (1994 edn.), Page 1237-38.