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VEGETABLE-SOA.ppt
- 1. Organic Vegetable Production Johnny H.Pasaquian ATI Region XII Tantangan, South Cotabato
- 2. 1. Perform plant careand management 1. Water management is implemented according to plan. 2. Effective control measures are determined on specific pest and diseases as described under the “pest, disease and weed management” of the PNS 3. All missing hills are replanted to maintain the desired plant population of the area 4. Plant rejuvenation/rationing are maintained according to PNS. 5. Organic fertilizers are applied in accordance with fertilization policy of the PNS LEARNING OUTCOME
- 3. Preparing growth media •Use the ratio of 1:1:1 • One (1) part of ordinary garden soil, one (1) part of vermicompost and one (1) part of coco coir dust or carbonized rice hull • Introduce beneficial microorganisms Establishing Organic Nursery
- 4. Preparing the seedbed •Clear the area and prepare growth media • Sterilize plots through sun drying or hot water treatment • Introduce beneficial microorganisms • Provide access to clean and unchlorinated water • Prepare the seedbeds using indigenous materials • Seedling trays maybe used or “arorong” • Strictly record the activities Establishing Organic Nursery
- 5. Preparing the land •Thorough land preparation by pulverizing soil and make it free from weeds • Construct canals and waterways for proper drainage • One meter of width of plot (distance depends upon the crop to be planted) • Sterilize plots • Introduce beneficial microorganisms • Strictly record the activities Planting Seedlings
- 6. Procedures of Plantingand Transplanting • Land Preparation • Staking • Establishing distance • Holing • Sterilizing • Basal application • Spraying concoctions • Planting Planting Seedlings
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- 8. Performing plant careactivities IRRIGATION
- 9. General procedures inplant care • Visit the plants everyday and observe presence of pests and diseases • Water the plants every other day preferably in the morning • Weed the plants when needed by hand weeding • Spray concoction to make the soil healthy (feed the soil, not the plant) • For faster growth, spray IMO & FPJ • Spray FFJ to make fruits healthy and good taste • Spray OHN and LABS when there are insect pests and diseases observed • Plant insect repellants around the garden • Practice crop rotation Performing plant care activities
- 10. Organic Control Methods •Introduction of beneficial microorganisms • Increase population of natural enemies by planting alternative host plant for natural enemies • Use parasitoid • Maintain sanitation in the field • Plant sacrificial plant Performing plant care activities
- 11. Improving soil fertility •Use of organic fertilizer • Loosen the soil and spray IMO to increase the growth of beneficial microorganism • Practice intercropping • Application of green manure • Practice crop rotation • Prevent soil erosion through cover cropping • Practice fallow period Performing plant care activities
- 12. Applying basal andfoliar fertilizer • Basal fertilizer is applied in the soil by digging holes or mixing basal fertilizer into the soil of preferred bed before planting the seedling. • Foliar fertilizer is applied by spraying into the plant leaves and body during ambient temperature while the stomata is open. Performing plant care activities
- 13. 8. USE MULCH •Mulch – a protective covering, usually of organic matter such as leaves, straw, placed around plants to prevent the evaporation of moisture and the growth of weeds. • For wet and dry season • For weed control • As soil protection • To protect the fruits • Reduces pests and diseases • Saves on watering and labor • Better quality of crops and yields
- 14. Rice straw mulchin eggplant
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- 16. LAND PREPARATION 1.Thorough landpreparation by alternate plowing and harrowing two to three times depending on the soil type 2.Pulverize the soil
- 17. LAND PREPARATION 1. Thoroughland preparation by alternate plowing and harrowing two to three times depending on the soil type
- 18. LAND PREPARATION 2. Pulverizethe soil
- 19. 2. Direct seeding Polesitao - plant two to three seeds/hill. Cover with 2-2.5 cm with pulverized soil. At 10 days after emergence (DAE), thin out seedling to one plant per hill. Ampalaya – Break the seed coat lightly and soak the seeds in water for 24 hours, then wash. Incubate for 24 – 48 hours until the radicle appear. Plant the seeds with uniform germination to have uniform stand of plant in the field
- 20. SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT Vigorous seedlingsare the foundation of vigorous plants - can tolerate certain level of pest infestation and disease infection Production of Seedlings 1.Soil medium preparation - Prepare the soil medium by thoroughly mixing a 1:1:1 ratio garden soil, compost, and one of the three: carbonated rice hull/rice hull/coir dust/saw dust
- 21. 2. Sowing ofseeds a. Use of seedling tray • multi cell plastic trays are available in different sizes (50 to 140 cells per tray) • The soil media is filled into the plastic tray • Depending on the crop, one to two seeds are placed into each cell • Depth of sowing depends on the size of the seed. As a rule of thumb, it should be only twice the size of the seed
- 22. 3. Care ofseedlings •Water the sown seeds once a day during the first 3 days •For seedlings sown in seedbox, prick the seedlings 3-5 days after germination and transplant to seedling trays (1 seedling per cell) Pricking is not done for seeds sown directly in plastic seedling tray
- 23. Hardened seedlings caneasily recover from stress during transplanting •Seedlings 3-4 week old are ready for transplanting
- 24. CROP DAYS TO TRANSPLANTING AFTERSOWING EGGPLANT 21-30 TOMATO 18-21 PECHAY 10-14
- 25. 4. Transplanting •Transplant theseedling during cloudy days, cool weather or in the afternoon when the sun is not too hot to avoid seedling shock. •Minimize root injuries/disturbance. •Remove the seedlings from the seedling tray with the soil medium as compact as possible.
- 26. Lay Out Planting distance:0.40 m x 0.50m distance between hills, 2 rows in a plot for eggplant and ampalaya
- 27. Planting distance: 0.40m x 0.50m distance between hills, 2 rows in a plot for ampalaya Lay Out
- 28. Planting distance of 0.40m distance between hills, 2 rows in a plot Lay Out
- 29. Lay Out Planting Distance:0.15m x 0.15m between hills, 5 rows in a plot
- 30. CARE AND MAINTENANCEOF THE PLANTS 1. Fertilization - to provide plants that are lacking in the soil by using organic fertilizer - Organic fertilizers include composts and microbial based fertilizers - Fertilizers are applied basal (applied before planting or transplanting)
- 31. Characteristics of organicfertilizers 1. Low nutrient content 2. Slow effect 3. Can be dried and stored for a long time 4. Promote good condition of the soil
- 32. CROP TIME OFAPPLICATION TYPE OF FERTILIZER AMOUNT (g/m2) AMPALAYA -Planting time (basal) -30 days after planting (side dressing) Compost 3000 EGGPLANT -4-5 days after planting (basal) -20-25 days after planting (side dressing) (repeat every 30 days) Compost or commercially available organic fertilizers 3000 or as recommende d PECHAY -Before planting (basal) - 2-3 days after planting Organic Fertilizer 1000 TOMATO -Planting time (basal) -7 days after planting (sidedressing) -25 days after 1st (sidedressing) Compost or commercially available organic fertilizers 3000 or as recommende d
- 33. CROP SPECIAL CULTURAL PRACTICES TOMATOSingle staking (wet season) POLE SITAO Trellising (inverted v type) AMPALAYA Trellising (fence type)
- 34. CROP SPECIAL CULTURALPRACTICES TOMATO Single staking (wet season)
- 35. CROP SPECIAL CULTURALPRACTICES POLE SITAO Trellising (inverted v type)
- 36. • Trellising –providing support to climbing plants 1. Ampalaya • Before the vines creep, construct vertical, overhead or fence type trellises. • Lay-out 2.5 m long and 2 – 2.5 cm wide ipil-ipil, bamboo or kakawate poles 2 m apart within rows
- 37. 2. Pole sitao •Provide wood or bamboo trellis measuring two meters for climbing vines. • Provide vertical single support trellis made from either bamboo or wood, with a height of 2 m.
- 38. Fence type trellis(ampalaya)
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- 40. • VINE TRAINING(ampalaya, pole sitao) -train the vines by spreading them evenly across the trellis until they reach the top PRUNING (ampalaya) • Remove the lower lateral or branches to facilitate vine growth at the top of the trellis
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- 43. Weed Control 1. Removeweeds around the plants 2. Cut-off the weeds in between rows using a scythe. MULCHING -Mulch with rice straw to control weeds and conserve soil moisture
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