The document discusses the concept of climate, which refers to the long-term weather conditions in an area, and outlines the four primary seasons: summer, winter, monsoon, and autumn. It details the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each season, highlighting how factors like latitude and ocean currents affect climate conditions. Additionally, it notes the impacts of these seasons on the environment and human activities.

1. FA-4 S.S. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
•NAME – VATSAL NAVADIYA
•CLASS – 9 - B
•ROLL NO. - 41
•TOPIC – CLIMATE

2. CLIMATE
THE WEATHER CONDITIONS PREVAILING IN AN AREA IN GENERAL OR OVER
A LONG PERIOD IS CALLED A CLIMATE.
THERE ARE MAINLY 4 TYPES OF SEASONS :-
1. SUMMER
2. WINTER
3. MONSOON
4. AUTUMN

3. DIFFERENT CLIMATE CONDITIONS
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4. FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE CONDITIONS :-
• LALTITUDE
• ATITUDE
• PRESSURE AND WIND SYSTEM
• DISTANCE FROM SEA
• OCEAN CURRENTS
• RELIEF

5. 1. SUMMERSEASON

6. SUMMER BEGINS ON THE DAY OF THE SUMMER SOLSTICE AND ENDS ON THE
DAY OF THE AUTUMNAL EQUINOX.
THE DAYS ARE LONGER AND THE NIGHTS ARE SHORTER.
WHEN IT IS SUMMER IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE, IT IS WINTER IN NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE, AND VICE VERSA.
IT IS THE WHOLE MONTHS OF DECEMBER, JANUARY, AND FEBRUARY IN
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE, AND THE WHOLE MONTHS OF JUNE, JULY, AND
AUGUST IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.

7. COMPARED TO NORTHERN INDIA, PENINSULAR INDIA, REMAINS
COOLER DUE TO THE INFLUENCE OF THE OCEANS.
THE ‘LOO’ , ‘DUST STORMS’ AND ‘THUNDER STORMS’ ARE THE MOST
STRIKING FEATURES OF THE SUMMER SEASON IN INDIA.
MANY TREES, SHRUBS, AND FLOWERS GROW THE MOST DURING THE
SUMMER

8. DISADVANTAGE
RIVERS, STREAMS AND PONDS DRY UP IN SUMMER AND CAUSE SCARCITY OF WATER.
EVEN BIRDS AND BEAST FEEL THIRSTY AND RUN FROM PLACE TO PLACE.
MANY PEOPLE, BIRDS AND BEASTS DIE AS A RESULT OF SUNSTROKE.
MANY FATAL DISEASES, SUCH AS CHOLER, SMALL-POX, ETC. BREAK OUT OF SUMMER SEASON.
THE PLANTS, HERBS AND SHRUBS GET DRIED UP BECAUSE OF THE SCORCHING SUN AND HOT
WINDS.

10. WINTER IS THE COLDEST SEASON OF THE YEAR IN POLAR AND TEMPERATE
CLIMATES, BETWEEN AUTUMN AND SPRING.
IT BEGINS FROM MID-NOVEMBER IN NORTHERN INDIA AND LASTS TILL FEBRUARY.
DECEMBER AND JANUARY ARE THE COLDEST MONTH IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.
THE TEMPERATURE DECREASES FROM SOUTH TO THE NORTH.
FROST IS COMMON IN THE NORTH AND THE HIGHER SLOPES OF THE HIMALAYAS
EXPERIENCE SNOWFALL DURING THE WINTER MONTHS.

11. THE DAYS ARE SHORTER AND THE NIGHTS ARE LONGER IN WINTER.
ASIATIC SPARROW – HAWK, HARRIERS, PEREGRINE FALCON, OSPREY, PACIFIC GOLDEN
FLOWER, AND SOME OTHER BIRDS MIGRATE IN WINTER.
TOTAL AMOUNT OF WINTER RAINFALL LOCALLY KNOWN AS ‘MAHAWAT’ IS SMALL. THEY
ARE OF IMMENSE IMPORTANCE FOR THE CULTIVATION OF ‘RABI’ CROPS.
THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF INDIA DO NOT EXPERIENCE COLD WEATHER.
THE PENINSULAR REGION DOES NOT HAVE WELL DEFINED COLD SEASON.

12. DISADVANTAGE
PEOPLE LOSE MUCH OF THEIR TIME TO DO SOMETHING MAINLY
HOUSEHOLD THAT INCLUDE WEATHER, SUCH AS TO WASH CLOTHES
AND DISHES. WE NEED MUCH TIME TO WEAR CLOTHES TO KEEP
WARM.
PEOPLE SUFFER FROM COMMON COLD, INFLUENZA, PNEUMONIA, ETC.

13. 3. MONSOONSEASON

14. MONSOON IS TRADITIONALLY DEFINED AS A SEASONAL REVERSING WIND
ACCOMPANIED BY CORRESPONDING CHANGES IN PRECIPITATION.
IT OCCURS IN JUNE, JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER.
IT IS REFER AS RAINY PHASE OF A SEASONALLY CHANGING PATTERN.
THE MAJOR MONSOON SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD CONSIST OF THE WESTERN AFRICAN
AND ASIA- AUSTRALIAN MONSOONS.
THE SOUTH-WEST MONSOON WINDS ARE CALLED ‘NAIRUTYA MAARUT’ IN INDIA.

15. MONSOON ALSO OCCUR IN OTHER REGIONS SUCH AS IN NORTH AMERICA, SUB-
SAHARAN AFRICA, BRAZIL AND EAST ASIA.
EVERYTHING BECOMES LUSH AND GREEN IN TROPICAL.
THE SOOTHING SOUND OF RAIN PATTERING ON A TIN ROOF WHEN ITS FALLING
LIGHTLY.
THE RAINS BLOW IN FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN AND ARABIAN SEA IN THE SOUTH-
WEST BRINGING HEAVY RAINFALL TO THE AREA.
IT GOES ON DECREASING FROM EAST TO WEST.

16. DISADVANTAGE
IT CREATES THE SWARMS OF FLIES AND MOSQUITOES.
THE MORE FREQUENT POWER OUTTAGES.
IT TAKES DAYS FOR YOUR FRESHLY WASHED CLOTHES TO DRY.
DIRTY ROADS TURN INTO PONDS, RIVERS, AND/OR SWAMPS.
THE ROOF LEAKS.
OUTBREAKS OF MALARIA, DENGUE AND DYSENTERY.

18. THE WORD AUTUMN COMES FROM THE ANCIENT ETRUSCAN
THE SEASON AFTER SUMMER AND BEFORE WINTER, IN THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE FROM SEPTEMBER TO NOVEMBER AND IN THE SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERE FROM MARCH TO MAY.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS ‘FALL’ IN NORTH AMERICA.
THE AUTUMNAL EQUINOX SIGNIFIES THE START OF AUTUMN, AND IT ENDS IN
THE WINTER SOLSTICE.

19. THE MAIN FEATURE IS THE SHEDDING OF LEAVES FROM DECIDUOUS TREES.
SOME CULTURES REGARD THE AUTUMNAL EQUINOX AS “MID - AUTUMN”.
MANY ANIMALS BEGIN TO PREPARE FOR THE WINTER BY STORING FOOD IN THEIR
NEST AND DENS OR FAT ON THEIR BODIES.
IN AUTUMN, THERE IS LESS SUNLIGHT BECAUSE THE DAYS ARE SHORTER.