The document provides a comprehensive overview of various bacterial pathogens, including their characteristics, virulence, associated diseases, and diagnostic methods. It covers multiple genera such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Listeria, detailing their growth conditions, biochemical properties, and antibiotic resistance profiles. The text also emphasizes the importance of specific tests for diagnosis and outlines treatment options for the infections caused by these organisms.

1. Micro-206 Mid Key (This is just a review by a student to memorize. You MUST have to consult notes)
Genera Species Characteristics Virulence Diseases Diag+Treatment
Staphylococcus Gm +ve, tetrads
S.aureus GoldYell,coag +ve
S.albus white
S.citrus lemon yell
Coa–ve S.epidermidis
S.saprophyticus
S.capitis,S.haemolytics
Micrococcus,Stomatococcus
Alloiococcus otitidis
0.5-1um
Non motile
Aerobic
/fucl anaerobe
Cata+ve
10% NaCl 18-40C
Skin&Mucous
membrane
1.Cell wall asso struc
Pept.gly,caps,pro-A,
Bound coagulase
2.E/c toxins
Haemolysin,leukocidin
Enterotoxin,TSST
Exfoliation Toxin
3.E/C enz,s.kinase
DNase,Phosphatase,lipase
Phospholipase,hyaluronidase
Serokinase,protease
Dog/Cat:Canine
pyoderma:S.interm,
Otitis externa:S.inte,
Mastitis:S.inter
Bovines:Mastitis:S.
aureus+ other spp
Pyemia f lambs:tick
Equines:Mastitis:aur
Pectoraelabcess:aure
Sper cord:S.aureus
Avian:Bumble foot
Diag:Aspirates of
unopened lesions
Milk,blood,urine
Gm stn > +Ve
Blood agar:Beta
Toxins,
Resis to:
penG,Streptomy,tetra so
fluoroquinolones
Cephalosporins used
Streptococcus Beta-haemeolytic:clear zone
S.pyogenes,S.equi,S.agalactiae
alpha-Haemolytic:green zone
S.pneumoniae,nonhaemolytic
Viridians streptococci
Y/Non-haemolytic:S.faecalis
mostly non pathogenic
fucl anaerobes,LF
cata-v,enrichment
medium:bld,serum
capsulated,N-acetyl
glucosamine,Nacetyl
muramic Acid,
6.5%NaCl,40% bile
Structural: M.Protein
Antibody pro to it:Normal E/C
products: Erythrogenic
toxins,streptolysin O&S,
Streptokinase(fibrinolysin)
DNase,Hyaluronidase
Dog/cat:S.canis 2ndry
pneumonias
Ruminants:Mastitis:
S.agal,S.dysgalactiae
Equines:Strangles:
S.equi,Swines:servical
lymphadenitis
CAMP(Christie,atkins
Munch-peterson) factor
test
Bacillus fucl an,15-40C,5%
CO2,Serum agar
HCO3, Gm+, non-
motile,rods with
squarends,spores,D-
Glutamylpolypeptide
Protein para-
crystalline (S-layer)
Capsule
Lethal toxins:pX01>
PA+LF,Edema toxin
pXO1>PA+EF
S-layer>non patho
B.cereus: Emetic,secretory
enterotoxin(HBL,NHE,T)
B.anthracis:ruminants
High fvr,agalactia
Abortion.horses:Horse
Colic & Diarrhea
Swine:lymphadenitis &
ulcerative lesion
B.cereus:bovine mastitis
Dia:blood,spleen
Resis to:Quaternary
ammonium disinfect
phenolic+alcoholic,
susceptible to:pen,
chloramphanicol,strp,
tetra

2. Listeria L.monocytogenes,L.ivanovii,
L.innocua,L.grayi,L.seeligeri,
L.welshimeri,
Fucl an,Gm+,
4-45C,30-37-best
Non Acid fast,Non-
spor,motile@22C,
poor at 37,O-Ag wall
Meso-
diaminopimelic
acid,tolerates pH
5.5-
9.6,10%NaCl,40%bil
e
Adhesin(ActA),internalins,
Haemolysin,listeriolysin O
(major),phospholipases C
Septicaemia,
Ruminanats:encepha-
litis,abortion,conjuncti-
vitis,CNS infection
through Oral,nasal/
ocular mucosal surfaces,
Specimens:Spinal
fluid,blood,brain
tissue,liver spleen,
Abomasal fluid
CAMP+ Crossed
streakedwithS.aureus
Antibiotics:Peni,
Ampi,erythro,tetra,
Mycobacterium M.Tb>TB man,
M.bovis,cattle
M.avium,
Rod
0.5um,Gm+,acid
Fast+,auramine-
rhodamine stained,
Resist discoloration
with 3% HCl,
Alkyl hydroperoxidase
reductase,dimycolyl
trehalose,iron acquisition
pro(mycobactins,exochelins)
Sulfolipids,PIM,surface
mycosides
Cattle:resp infection
Involving lymph nodes
& serous cavities,
Horses;rarely,gross tumor
like lesions,
Swine:alimentarycanal
Tracheobronchial &
Gastric lavages,
Lymph nodes,thoracic
abd respirates,urine
faeces,biopsy
Streptomycin,iso-
Niazid,ethambutol,
riphampin
Corynebacterium C.pseudotuberculosis
Grwth chrctr:fucl ana,blood
/serum best,48hrs 35-37ºC,off-
White,dull,faint hemolytic col,
1mm dia,hockey puck,cata+ve
Diphtheroid,0.5-0.3µ
Non-acid fast,no
cap,
Wall:gm+,DAP,arab
i-nogalactin,mycolic
acid,high lipids
Cell wall:PS+Lipids,
lipoteichoic acids,Pep-gly,
Exotoxins:PLD,serine
protease,
Iron acquisition:fagA-D
Eq:Pectoral abcesses:
pigeon fvr,brstbon fvr,
Sheep&Goat:lymphad-
enitis,onion ring,
cattle:skin+lym nod
Peni,eryth,chloram,
Resistant to
aminoglycosides,
Equin biotype:NO3+
Ovine biotype:NO3 -
C.renale Group C.renale,C.cystidis,C.pilosum
Grwth chrctr:fucl ana,non-
hemolytic,opaque,off-white col,
48hrs at 37ºC,glucose:slowly
Acidified,cata+,
Renalin: +CAMP ,
Other species:Actinobaculum&
C.auricanis(No Keypoints
mentioned here,
As Above Adhesins:fibrillar(pilli,fimbr)
C.Wall:As Above,
Urease:urea-NH3
NH3 initiates infl procs,
Urine pH=9,Cattle:
Bovine pyelonephritis
,thick bladder+uretral
walls,distended ureters
Small Rum:Pizzle rot
Necrotizinginflammaofpre
puce
&adjacent issues
Diag:RBCs+9pH of
urine,Christensens
Urea agar slant:an
Alkaline shift,
Early stage: penicillin
Ovine posthitis:
surgical care,
antiseptic,diet restrict,
testosterone adminstrd

3. Actinomycetes
25 spp cata-ve
(A.viscosus,A.caniscata+)Grwth
chrctr:capnoophilic+fucl ana,
Serum/blood,no on sabouraud
35-37C 48hrs,
Found on oral mucosa,tooth
surfac,urinognital tract mucosa
Gm+,diphtheroids/fila
0.5um,C.wall:surface
fibrils,adhesions,surfa
ce
Ags,
Evoke pyogranulomatous
reaction with unknown
mechanisms,mononuclear
infilterations+fibrosis
Sinus tracts,Sulfur Granules
Rum:lumpy jaw
(A.bovis,A.israelii)
Horses:Poll evil&
Fistulous withers,cervi-cal
lymphadenitis,
Dog&Cat:serositidis
Discospondylitis
Swines:Mastitis,
Pneumonia,abortion
Samples:aspirates from
unopened lesion
Sulfur Granules:yellow
Particles,rosettes
Treatment:peni+ami-
noglycosides=bovine,
Dog&cat:surgery
Nocardia 30 spp
N.asteroides,
N.abcessus,
N.farcinica,
N.nova,
N.transvalensis.
Gm+,DAP,mycolic
acid
Arabinogalatin,
Obligate
aer,sabouraud
10-50C,opaque
col,surface-waxy-
powdery-velvety,dia-
cm
NO Exotoxin but
Superoxide dismutase
sup-ox-dismutase+lysosomal
enz-Survive within phagocytic
vacuoles,lipids-initiating
granulomatous reac,
Suppurative process-
granulomatous features
Rum:Mastitis,Bovine
farcy,pneu,abor,ly.ad
Hor:nocardioform
placentitis,
Dog-cat:febrile illness,
Pleuritis,empyema,diss-
mination to
organs,Mycetoma,
Dia:Granules:sometime
Blood agar,37C
Dull opaque,waxy
velvety,hard to dislodge
Cata+,
trimethoprim-
sulfonamide therapy,
resistant to
fluoroquinolones,
Dermatophilus D.congolensis
Grwth chrctr:on blood&
infusion media,aer+capno,
Hemolytic:waxy,viscous,whitish
gray-yellow,smooth-wrinkled
Catalase,urease,protease:+
Motile coccoid
zoospore
2um dia,C.wall:DAP,
Lack glycin &
arabino-galactin
Patho:Exudativeepidermatitis,
spores germination-inflam,
scabs,
non-epidermal-
tongue,u.bladr,lymph
nod,subcutis
Equine rain scald,
Ovine strwbry foot rot,
Equine grease heel
Lumpy wool
Dia:branching
filamentsZoospore
resembling cocci,blood
agar 5-10%CO2
35-37C 48 hours-
peniG,tetra,chloram,
Clostridium C.perfringens(Type A to E)
General Growth characters of
all species:anaerobic envrmnt,
2-10%CO2,Complex media
blood/serum,1-2days incubation
Swarm across moist agar
without forming colonies,
Hemolysis shown
Gm+,spore
forming,non
Motile,encaps,anaero
be,
1.Adhesins:2fibronectin
binding pro+collagen bind,
2.Capsule:wounds(gangrene)
3.Toxins: Cpa/Plc,Cpb,Cpb2,
Etx,Itx,Col(kappa),Mu(Nag)
Theta,Nan(Sialidase),hemolys
in
Gas gangrene(Wound)
Enterotoxemias
Ent-A:gastritis,enteritis
Hemolytic yellow lamb
Disease,Ent-B:old wor-ld
dis,lamb dysentry
Passive & Active immu,
Dia:bloodagar=α-toxn
Hemolysis,clotting milk
Treat: bacterin+Toxoid
Metronidazole,
Macrolides,ampicillin

4. C.novyi(Type A,B,C) Non-encapsulated,Gm+,
Motile,anaerobic,rod,spore
Exotoxins
1.α-toxin,2.β-toxin,-toxin
TypeA:gas gangrene of
humans,wounds in
animals,big-head of rams,
TypeB:black disease-sheep
cattle horses
TypeC:Osteomyelitis of
water buffalo
Dia:Large Gm+-gram
variable rods,spores
Identified by
fluorescent
Nutritionally fastidious
Treat:Prophylactic
vaccination,eliminating
Flukes+other hepato-
pathogenic agents
C.haemolyticum Non-encap,motile,strict
anaerobe,spores,resembles
C.novyi typeB
Toxin: Phospholipase C(β-
toxin)-hemolytic crisis,
Liver infarcts,fever,pale
Icteric mucous
membranes,anorexia
agalactiahaemoglobin-,
uria(red water disease)
Dia:Liver lesions,Gm
stain,FAT,blood agar,
Treat:Broad spec
antibio,antitoxins,blood
Transfusion,
C.chauvoei Gm+,motile,obligate
anaerobic,rod,subterminal
or subcentral spores
Exotoxins:alpha,beta,gamma
Delta(chauveolysin),
Neuramninidase(sialidase)
α,,+Neuraminidase=
initial lesions,Black-leg
(edema,hemorrhage,
myofibrillar necrosis,
Dia:Gm+,FAT,media-
Cystein & water
soluble
Vitamins,Treat:peni I/V
Cattle:3-6 months vacc
C.difficile Gm+,motile,encapsulated,
Spore-forming anaerobic
rod,
Adhesins:pilli+fimbrae,cell
wall protein>Cwp66
Capsule:CHO Capsule
Toxins:A(enterotoxins),
B(Cytolysin),ADP-ribosyltra-
nsferase
Adhesion to mucous/epi
Cells of LI,death of
cells,prostaglandins,
Antibiotics & drugs
associated diarrhea,
Dia:PCR,serology,
Isolated CCFA medium
C.botulinum Gm+,spore-forming,
Anaerobic rod,at pH near
or above neutral>
subterminal oval spores
Toxin:Botulinum toxin(BoNT)
zinc endopeptidase,C2
Toxin,C3 exoenzyme,
BoNT absorbed-blood-
recptors-nerve cell-mucular
incoordination
-recumbancy+Tongue
extrusion+oral probs
Bird-Limberneck disease
Dia:plasma or tissue
toxin,iso frm intestine,
feedstuff,stomach
Treat:Antitoxin,toxoid
(ABCD,guanidine,
Aminopyridine->Ach
C.tetani
Swarming growth,CHO ferm,
Proteolysis,indole production
Gm+,spore-forming,
Anaerobic rod,spherical
spores(drumstick,racket)
1.Tetanustoxin(tetanosapsmin)
(TeNT)2.Tetanolysin
Mortality at least 50%
(Hor,rum,swine):descending
tetanus,bloat in rum,lock-
jaw,sawhorse,tetanic spasm
Carni:ascending
Dia:increased agar-
Inhibits swarming,37C
4days,PCR
Treat:Antitoxin,peni