This table is a brief review of various genera of bacteria which are significant with respect to veterinary medicine.It Presents Growth characters,sub-species,morphology,biochemical properties,cellular products,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.

1. Micro-206 Mid Key (This is just a review by a student to memorize. You MUST have to consult notes)
Genera Species Characteristics Virulence Diseases Diag+Treatment
Staphylococcus Gm +ve, tetrads
S.aureus GoldYell,coag +ve
S.albus white
S.citrus lemon yell
Coa–ve S.epidermidis
S.saprophyticus
S.capitis,S.haemolytics
Micrococcus,Stomatococcus
Alloiococcus otitidis
0.5-1um
Non motile
Aerobic
/fucl anaerobe
Cata+ve
10% NaCl 18-40C
Skin&Mucous
membrane
1.Cell wall asso struc
Pept.gly,caps,pro-A,
Bound coagulase
2.E/c toxins
Haemolysin,leukocidin
Enterotoxin,TSST
Exfoliation Toxin
3.E/C enz,s.kinase
DNase,Phosphatase,lipase
Phospholipase,hyaluronidase
Serokinase,protease
Dog/Cat:Canine
pyoderma:S.interm,
Otitis externa:S.inte,
Mastitis:S.inter
Bovines:Mastitis:S.
aureus+ other spp
Pyemia f lambs:tick
Equines:Mastitis:aur
Pectoraelabcess:aure
Sper cord:S.aureus
Avian:Bumble foot
Diag:Aspirates of
unopened lesions
Milk,blood,urine
Gm stn > +Ve
Blood agar:Beta
Toxins,
Resis to:
penG,Streptomy,tetra so
fluoroquinolones
Cephalosporins used
Streptococcus Beta-haemeolytic:clear zone
S.pyogenes,S.equi,S.agalactiae
alpha-Haemolytic:green zone
S.pneumoniae,nonhaemolytic
Viridians streptococci
Y/Non-haemolytic:S.faecalis
mostly non pathogenic
fucl anaerobes,LF
cata-v,enrichment
medium:bld,serum
capsulated,N-acetyl
glucosamine,Nacetyl
muramic Acid,
6.5%NaCl,40% bile
Structural: M.Protein
Antibody pro to it:Normal E/C
products: Erythrogenic
toxins,streptolysin O&S,
Streptokinase(fibrinolysin)
DNase,Hyaluronidase
Dog/cat:S.canis 2ndry
pneumonias
Ruminants:Mastitis:
S.agal,S.dysgalactiae
Equines:Strangles:
S.equi,Swines:servical
lymphadenitis
CAMP(Christie,atkins
Munch-peterson) factor
test
Bacillus fucl an,15-40C,5%
CO2,Serum agar
HCO3, Gm+, non-
motile,rods with
squarends,spores,D-
Glutamylpolypeptide
Protein para-
crystalline (S-layer)
Capsule
Lethal toxins:pX01>
PA+LF,Edema toxin
pXO1>PA+EF
S-layer>non patho
B.cereus: Emetic,secretory
enterotoxin(HBL,NHE,T)
B.anthracis:ruminants
High fvr,agalactia
Abortion.horses:Horse
Colic & Diarrhea
Swine:lymphadenitis &
ulcerative lesion
B.cereus:bovine mastitis
Dia:blood,spleen
Resis to:Quaternary
ammonium disinfect
phenolic+alcoholic,
susceptible to:pen,
chloramphanicol,strp,
tetra

2. Listeria L.monocytogenes,L.ivanovii,
L.innocua,L.grayi,L.seeligeri,
L.welshimeri,
Fucl an,Gm+,
4-45C,30-37-best
Non Acid fast,Non-
spor,motile@22C,
poor at 37,O-Ag wall
Meso-
diaminopimelic
acid,tolerates pH
5.5-
9.6,10%NaCl,40%bil
e
Adhesin(ActA),internalins,
Haemolysin,listeriolysin O
(major),phospholipases C
Septicaemia,
Ruminanats:encepha-
litis,abortion,conjuncti-
vitis,CNS infection
through Oral,nasal/
ocular mucosal surfaces,
Specimens:Spinal
fluid,blood,brain
tissue,liver spleen,
Abomasal fluid
CAMP+ Crossed
streakedwithS.aureus
Antibiotics:Peni,
Ampi,erythro,tetra,
Mycobacterium M.Tb>TB man,
M.bovis,cattle
M.avium,
Rod
0.5um,Gm+,acid
Fast+,auramine-
rhodamine stained,
Resist discoloration
with 3% HCl,
Alkyl hydroperoxidase
reductase,dimycolyl
trehalose,iron acquisition
pro(mycobactins,exochelins)
Sulfolipids,PIM,surface
mycosides
Cattle:resp infection
Involving lymph nodes
& serous cavities,
Horses;rarely,gross tumor
like lesions,
Swine:alimentarycanal
Tracheobronchial &
Gastric lavages,
Lymph nodes,thoracic
abd respirates,urine
faeces,biopsy
Streptomycin,iso-
Niazid,ethambutol,
riphampin
Corynebacterium C.pseudotuberculosis
Grwth chrctr:fucl ana,blood
/serum best,48hrs 35-37ºC,off-
White,dull,faint hemolytic col,
1mm dia,hockey puck,cata+ve
Diphtheroid,0.5-0.3µ
Non-acid fast,no
cap,
Wall:gm+,DAP,arab
i-nogalactin,mycolic
acid,high lipids
Cell wall:PS+Lipids,
lipoteichoic acids,Pep-gly,
Exotoxins:PLD,serine
protease,
Iron acquisition:fagA-D
Eq:Pectoral abcesses:
pigeon fvr,brstbon fvr,
Sheep&Goat:lymphad-
enitis,onion ring,
cattle:skin+lym nod
Peni,eryth,chloram,
Resistant to
aminoglycosides,
Equin biotype:NO3+
Ovine biotype:NO3 -
C.renale Group C.renale,C.cystidis,C.pilosum
Grwth chrctr:fucl ana,non-
hemolytic,opaque,off-white col,
48hrs at 37ºC,glucose:slowly
Acidified,cata+,
Renalin: +CAMP ,
Other species:Actinobaculum&
C.auricanis(No Keypoints
mentioned here,
As Above Adhesins:fibrillar(pilli,fimbr)
C.Wall:As Above,
Urease:urea-NH3
NH3 initiates infl procs,
Urine pH=9,Cattle:
Bovine pyelonephritis
,thick bladder+uretral
walls,distended ureters
Small Rum:Pizzle rot
Necrotizinginflammaofpre
puce
&adjacent issues
Diag:RBCs+9pH of
urine,Christensens
Urea agar slant:an
Alkaline shift,
Early stage: penicillin
Ovine posthitis:
surgical care,
antiseptic,diet restrict,
testosterone adminstrd

3. Actinomycetes
25 spp cata-ve
(A.viscosus,A.caniscata+)Grwth
chrctr:capnoophilic+fucl ana,
Serum/blood,no on sabouraud
35-37C 48hrs,
Found on oral mucosa,tooth
surfac,urinognital tract mucosa
Gm+,diphtheroids/fila
0.5um,C.wall:surface
fibrils,adhesions,surfa
ce
Ags,
Evoke pyogranulomatous
reaction with unknown
mechanisms,mononuclear
infilterations+fibrosis
Sinus tracts,Sulfur Granules
Rum:lumpy jaw
(A.bovis,A.israelii)
Horses:Poll evil&
Fistulous withers,cervi-cal
lymphadenitis,
Dog&Cat:serositidis
Discospondylitis
Swines:Mastitis,
Pneumonia,abortion
Samples:aspirates from
unopened lesion
Sulfur Granules:yellow
Particles,rosettes
Treatment:peni+ami-
noglycosides=bovine,
Dog&cat:surgery
Nocardia 30 spp
N.asteroides,
N.abcessus,
N.farcinica,
N.nova,
N.transvalensis.
Gm+,DAP,mycolic
acid
Arabinogalatin,
Obligate
aer,sabouraud
10-50C,opaque
col,surface-waxy-
powdery-velvety,dia-
cm
NO Exotoxin but
Superoxide dismutase
sup-ox-dismutase+lysosomal
enz-Survive within phagocytic
vacuoles,lipids-initiating
granulomatous reac,
Suppurative process-
granulomatous features
Rum:Mastitis,Bovine
farcy,pneu,abor,ly.ad
Hor:nocardioform
placentitis,
Dog-cat:febrile illness,
Pleuritis,empyema,diss-
mination to
organs,Mycetoma,
Dia:Granules:sometime
Blood agar,37C
Dull opaque,waxy
velvety,hard to dislodge
Cata+,
trimethoprim-
sulfonamide therapy,
resistant to
fluoroquinolones,
Dermatophilus D.congolensis
Grwth chrctr:on blood&
infusion media,aer+capno,
Hemolytic:waxy,viscous,whitish
gray-yellow,smooth-wrinkled
Catalase,urease,protease:+
Motile coccoid
zoospore
2um dia,C.wall:DAP,
Lack glycin &
arabino-galactin
Patho:Exudativeepidermatitis,
spores germination-inflam,
scabs,
non-epidermal-
tongue,u.bladr,lymph
nod,subcutis
Equine rain scald,
Ovine strwbry foot rot,
Equine grease heel
Lumpy wool
Dia:branching
filamentsZoospore
resembling cocci,blood
agar 5-10%CO2
35-37C 48 hours-
peniG,tetra,chloram,
Clostridium C.perfringens(Type A to E)
General Growth characters of
all species:anaerobic envrmnt,
2-10%CO2,Complex media
blood/serum,1-2days incubation
Swarm across moist agar
without forming colonies,
Hemolysis shown
Gm+,spore
forming,non
Motile,encaps,anaero
be,
1.Adhesins:2fibronectin
binding pro+collagen bind,
2.Capsule:wounds(gangrene)
3.Toxins: Cpa/Plc,Cpb,Cpb2,
Etx,Itx,Col(kappa),Mu(Nag)
Theta,Nan(Sialidase),hemolys
in
Gas gangrene(Wound)
Enterotoxemias
Ent-A:gastritis,enteritis
Hemolytic yellow lamb
Disease,Ent-B:old wor-ld
dis,lamb dysentry
Passive & Active immu,
Dia:bloodagar=α-toxn
Hemolysis,clotting milk
Treat: bacterin+Toxoid
Metronidazole,
Macrolides,ampicillin

4. C.novyi(Type A,B,C) Non-encapsulated,Gm+,
Motile,anaerobic,rod,spore
Exotoxins
1.α-toxin,2.β-toxin,-toxin
TypeA:gas gangrene of
humans,wounds in
animals,big-head of rams,
TypeB:black disease-sheep
cattle horses
TypeC:Osteomyelitis of
water buffalo
Dia:Large Gm+-gram
variable rods,spores
Identified by
fluorescent
Nutritionally fastidious
Treat:Prophylactic
vaccination,eliminating
Flukes+other hepato-
pathogenic agents
C.haemolyticum Non-encap,motile,strict
anaerobe,spores,resembles
C.novyi typeB
Toxin: Phospholipase C(β-
toxin)-hemolytic crisis,
Liver infarcts,fever,pale
Icteric mucous
membranes,anorexia
agalactiahaemoglobin-,
uria(red water disease)
Dia:Liver lesions,Gm
stain,FAT,blood agar,
Treat:Broad spec
antibio,antitoxins,blood
Transfusion,
C.chauvoei Gm+,motile,obligate
anaerobic,rod,subterminal
or subcentral spores
Exotoxins:alpha,beta,gamma
Delta(chauveolysin),
Neuramninidase(sialidase)
α,,+Neuraminidase=
initial lesions,Black-leg
(edema,hemorrhage,
myofibrillar necrosis,
Dia:Gm+,FAT,media-
Cystein & water
soluble
Vitamins,Treat:peni I/V
Cattle:3-6 months vacc
C.difficile Gm+,motile,encapsulated,
Spore-forming anaerobic
rod,
Adhesins:pilli+fimbrae,cell
wall protein>Cwp66
Capsule:CHO Capsule
Toxins:A(enterotoxins),
B(Cytolysin),ADP-ribosyltra-
nsferase
Adhesion to mucous/epi
Cells of LI,death of
cells,prostaglandins,
Antibiotics & drugs
associated diarrhea,
Dia:PCR,serology,
Isolated CCFA medium
C.botulinum Gm+,spore-forming,
Anaerobic rod,at pH near
or above neutral>
subterminal oval spores
Toxin:Botulinum toxin(BoNT)
zinc endopeptidase,C2
Toxin,C3 exoenzyme,
BoNT absorbed-blood-
recptors-nerve cell-mucular
incoordination
-recumbancy+Tongue
extrusion+oral probs
Bird-Limberneck disease
Dia:plasma or tissue
toxin,iso frm intestine,
feedstuff,stomach
Treat:Antitoxin,toxoid
(ABCD,guanidine,
Aminopyridine->Ach
C.tetani
Swarming growth,CHO ferm,
Proteolysis,indole production
Gm+,spore-forming,
Anaerobic rod,spherical
spores(drumstick,racket)
1.Tetanustoxin(tetanosapsmin)
(TeNT)2.Tetanolysin
Mortality at least 50%
(Hor,rum,swine):descending
tetanus,bloat in rum,lock-
jaw,sawhorse,tetanic spasm
Carni:ascending
Dia:increased agar-
Inhibits swarming,37C
4days,PCR
Treat:Antitoxin,peni