This document provides an overview of various bacteria relevant to veterinary bacteriology, categorizing them based on their characteristics and diseases they cause. It covers different genera including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Brucella, Pasteurella, Bacillus anthracis, Leptospira, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Chlamydiae, and Mycoplasma. Each category includes information on the bacteria's morphology, biochemical properties, select media for growth, diagnostic tests, and associated veterinary diseases.

1. General Overview Of Systemic
Veterinary Bacteriology

2. INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA
• Prokaryotic(primitive neucleus, without nuclear
memberane)
• They are most abundant microorganisms.
• Cell wall made up of peptidoglycan(abscent in
Mycoplasma)
• Grouped under 4 categories acc to shape:
• Spherical (coccus), rod shaped (bacillus)
• Comma shaped (vibrium) & spiral shaped
(spirillum).

3. STAPHYLOCOCCUS
• Gram positive ,flagella abscent, non spore forming.
• Coagulase +ve, catalase +ve, Oxidase –ve.
• Selective media : MANNITOL SALT AGAR & BEARD-
PARKER AGAR.
• Bunch of grapes like colony.
• Shows Double hemolysis / hot-cold hemolysis (S.hycus
is non hemolyic).
• S.aureus: shows TSS (Toxic Shock Syndrome)
• Protein A present which prevents opsonisation.
• Biofilm formation occurs in Staphylococcus.
• Diseases: Mastitis in cattle,Botryomycosis in horse & sows,
Bumble-foot disease in poultry(S.aureus).

4. STREPTOCOCCUS
• Gram +ve, non motile, chain of cocci.
• TRANSLUSCENT colonies.
• Catalase –ve, coagulase +ve & oxidase –ve.
• Hemolysis (Beta- complete , Alpha –partial).
• Peptidoglycan layer of Strep. Contains C substance.
• S.pneumoniae shows QUELLING reaction.
• Selective media : EDWARD’S MEDIA & E.faecalis can
grow on MacConkey agar.
• Diagnosis: CAMP test for S.agalactiae.
• Diseases: Scarlet fever in humans (S.pyogenes) (DICK
test is done ),Chronic Mastitis(S.agalactiae),acute
mastitis(S.dysagalactiae), STRANGLES in horses
(S.equi)

5. CORYNEBACTERIUM
• Gram+ve, Pleomorphic,non motile, INTRACELLULAR bacteria.
• Cell wall contains DAP, Arabinogalactin,Mycolic acid.
• Shows PALLISADE or CRISS CROSS ARRANGEMENT,
also called as” CHINESE LETTER APPEARANCE”.
• C.renale :found in urine & CAMP +ve.
• “BABES –ERNST” Granules are found in this bacteria.
• C.pseudotuberculosis shows ONION RING app in lymph
nodes of Sheep.
• Mostly non capsulated except Rhodococcus equi.
• R.equi shows MZN.
• Diseases: Balanoposthitis &”Pizzle rot” in
rams(C.renale),”Piegonfever”(C.pseudotuberculosis),”SUM
MER MASTITIS” (Arachnobacter.pyogens).

6. LISTERIA
• Gram +ve ,motile ( Peritrichous flagella).
• L.monocytogens &L.ivanovii are HEMOLYTIC.
• PALCAM & OXFORD AGAR are selective media.
• Shows “TUMBLING” motility.
• Shows UMBRELLA like pattern in semisolid media.
• Diagnosis: CAMP test & “ANTONS EYE TEST” for
L.monocytogens.
• Diseases: “CIRCLING DISEASE/ SILAGE DISEASE”
(L.monocytogens),also cause Abortion in 3rd trimester.
• L.monocytogens show “COLD ENRICHMENT
PHENOMENON” & “ASCULIN hydrolysis”.

7. CLOSTRIDIUM
• Gram +ve , Motile(Peritichous flagella) except
C.perfringens.
• Strictly anaerobic (5-10% CO2) except
C.perfringens.& non capsulated except C.perfringens.
• “ROBERTSON COOKED MEAT MEDIA” is special
media for Clostridium.
• C.tetani shows “SWARMING GROWTH”& ”DRUM
STICK” appearance.
• C.chauvoei is CIGAR shaped & cause “BLACK QUARTER”
disease.
• C.botulinum type C causes “SHAKER ‘s FOAL
SYNDROME”or “FLOPPY BABY SYNDROME”

8. C.tetani & C.botulinum
C. tetani
• Shows activity at Synaptic
junctions.,inhibits inhibitory
Synaptic receptors.
• Neurotoxin is
TETANOSPASMIN
• Cause “SPASTIK PARALYSIS” or
“SAW HORSE/LOCK JAW”
appearance
C. botulionum
• Shows activity at
Neuromuscular
junctions,Acetyl choline is
unable to bind.
• Have 7 antigenic variants.
• Cause “FLACID PARALYSIS”.
• “Wasp waste appearance”

9. C.perfringens
• Shows CAMP test & “NAGLAR
REACTION”(alpha toxin present)
• C.perfringens & C.novyi shows LECITHINASE
ACTIVITY.
• Shows “STORMY CLOT”.
• Show DOUBLE ZONE OF HEMOLYSIS.
• Type D causes “Pulpy kidney disease”

10. MYCOBACTERIUM
• Gram positive,Aerobic,Non spore forming ,Non motile,
Rod shaped acid fast bacilli.
• They are Intracellular pathogens.
• STONE BRICK’S & Lowenstein-Jensen medium
media is used for growth.
• Cell wall of Mycobacterium contains Mycolic acid.
• Cell wall is stained by Ziel Nelson staining.
M.tuberculosis :Shows EUGONIC GROWTH,
M.Bovis: Shows DYSGONIC GROWTH.
M.paratuberculosis: grows best on HAROLD’S EGG YOLK
media.

11. • M.tuberculosis have rough colonies and
do not break easily whereas M.Bovis have
cream coloured colonies & easily break.
• M.Bovis shows Delayed type
Hypersensitivity(Type 4).
• Diseases:M.bovis cause bovine tuberculosis.
• M.paratuberculosis: causes Johne's disease
in cattle.

12. SALMONELLA
• Gram –ve , motile.
• Selective media : XLD AGAR (Xylene Lysine
Deoxycholate agar) , H2S Production takes place.
• S.pullorum cause “Bacillary white diarrhoea “in
chicks, S.gallinarum causes “Fowl typhoid” in adult
birds, S.dublin causes “joint ill “ in calves.
• Diagnosis :XLD agar
• BRILLIANT GREEN AGAR : RED coloured colonies.
• Sub culture on TSI (Triple Sugar Iron).
• Diagnosis : IMVIC test:
I(negative),M(positive),VI(negative),C(positive).
• Phage typing in S.typhimurium

13. Escherichia coli
• Gram +ve ,Motile, peritrichous flagella, Show alpha
Hemolysis on blood agar, Coliform bacteria.
• They are ZOONOTIC.
• Grow on MacConkey agar, blood agar, EMB agar.
• Colonies on MacConkey agar are bright pink.
• On EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue ) agar , colonies show
“green metallic sheen”.
• COLIGRANULOMA or HJARRE’S disease in poultry.
• “Fading puppy Syndrome” (Colisepticemia) in dogs.
• “Mushy Yolk disease”(omphalitis) in poultry.
• Diagnosis : IMVIC test:
I(positive),M(positive),VI(negative),C(negative).

14. BRUCELLA
• Gram –ve , non motile , cocobacillary MZN +ve.
• Organism is Capnophilic, catalase +ve ( except
B.ovis & B.neotomae), Urease +ve ( except B.ovis).
• Selective media : SERUM DEXTROSE AGAR,
COLUMBIAAGAR , CRYPTOSE SOYAAGAR.
• B.abortus , B.malitensis & B.suis are smooth
& shows small, glistening, bluish&
transluscent colonies
• B.ovis & B.canis are rough form & shows
dull,yellowish, opaque & friable colonies.

15. • B.abortus is also called as “BANGS
BACILLUS”& Causes ABORTION .
• B.malitensis causes undulant fever in humans
called as “MALTA FEVER”.
• Brucella are NON HEMOLYTIC.
• B.abortus Infects mature animals with
prediliction for reproductive tract of males and
females because of presence of
“ERYTHRITOL” which stimulates its growth.

16. PASTEURELLA
• Gram –ve, rod or coccobacillus, non motile.
• Catalase +ve , Oxidase +ve.
• Growth occurs in BLOOD AGAR .
• Shows “BIPOLAR STAINING”.
• P.multocida do not grow on MacConkey agar.
• P.multocida type A causes Bovine pneumonic
pasteurellosis or “SHIPPING FEVER “in cattle
• Type B causes H.S , Type D causes “Atropic Rhinitis”
in pigs.
• Tissue samples stained with Giemsa stain shows
BIPOLAR STAINING.

17. BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
• Gram +ve, Resistant endospore formation, non motile.
• Catalase +ve, Oxidase-ve.
• On Nutrient agar colonies show “ MEDUSA HEAD”
appearance & when observed microscopically shows
“BAMBOO STICK “ appearance.
• B.anthracis have greyish colonies & shows
“GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE”.
• On gelatin slab shows “INVERTED FIR
APPEARANCE.”
• Causes ANTHRAX (ZOONOTIC DISEASE).
• Diagnosis : MacFydean reaction , ASCOLI’S test.

18. LEPTOSPIRA
• Leptospira are aerobic, gram-negative spirochetes.
• They have characteristic corkscrew-like motility.
• the infection can be transmitted venereally or
transplacentally.
• L interrogans pomona causes “MOON
BLINDNESS” in horses also called as EQUINE
RECURRENT UVEITIS/ PERIODIC
OPTHALMIA.
• EMJH media is used.
• Diagnosis: The microscopic agglutination test
(MAT) is most frequently used.

19. ACTINOBACILLUS
• Gram –ve, Pleomorphic, non motile.
• A.equilli is HEMOLYTIC.
• A.suis & A.equilli show pink colonies on MacConkey agar except
A.pleuropneumoniae & A.seminis does not grow on MacConkey agar.
• A lignieresii ,A suis & A equuli has SLIME formation on media.
• Catalase +ve except A.semenis.
• A.ligneresi cause “WOODEN TONGUE” disease in cattle,
A.equilli cause “SLEEPY FOAL “ disease .
• Selective media for A.pleuropneumoniae is CHOCOLATE
AGAR.
• A.pleuropneumoniae have capsule, abscent in others & it
shows CAMP test.

20. ACTINOMYCES
• Gram +ve ,non spore forming, non motile.
• A.suis gives Coryneform type colonies.
• All species affect oral mucosa except A.
hordeovulnaris.
• A.bovis causes “LUMPY JAW” disesase in
cattle due to rarifying Osteomyelitis.

21. CAMPYLOBACTER
• Gram –ve rods in “Gull winged shapes” & spiral
forms.
• Motile, non fermentive , Oxidase +ve.
• Many species grow on MacConkey Agar.
• Most of the species are +nt in intenstinal tract but
C.fetus subsp veneralis is +nt in bovine
reproductive tract(bovine preputial mucosa).
• C.fetus subsp fetus causes Still birth & Abortion
in Sheep & goats.
• C.jejuni cause Enteritis in dogs.

22. CHLAMYDIAE
• Spherical intracellular bacteria with unique
developmental cycle.
• “ELIMENTARY BODIES “are present
• Cell wall lacks Peptidoglycan but contains genus
specific Lipopolysaccharides.
• Staining by MZN.
• C.abortus causes “Enzootic abortion” in ewes.
• C.felis causes “Conjuctivitis “ in Cats.

23. MYCOPLASMA
• “CELL WALL IS ABSENT”.
• Smallest prokaryote, faccultative anaerob.
• Also called as PPLO & it is also used as a media in
mycoplasma.
• Colonies observed in light it shows “fried egg
appearance” .
• Knob like colonies or “umbonate” colonies.
• Diseases : “ CBPP” by M.mycoites(on P.M tissues
show “Marble like appearance”, “CCPP “in
caprines by M.capripneumonae , “CRD” in poultry
by M.gallisepticum.

24. THANK YOU
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
Vivek Kumar (2015V157B-IIVER) Dr. Mohd.YOUNIS
BVSc. & A.H 3rd year Assistant Professor, IIVER
Veterinary Microbiology