Summary of the development and testing of a new color spectrometer method for greases that utilizes three pathlength options for highly transmissive and poorly transmissive greases.
1) Testing using Roctool technology showed improvements over conventional injection molding, including removal of weld lines and better replication rates of textures up to 97%, an improvement of 202%.
2) While gloss values did not change significantly with Roctool, the mold temperature had a small impact on color perception, allowing a darker color with Roctool technology.
3) Roughness measurements confirmed better replication of different textures with Roctool, and textures were better felt when touched.
1) Testing of Roctool molding technology showed improvements over conventional injection molding, including removal of weld lines and higher replication rates of surface textures up to 97%.
2) While gloss values were similar between the techniques, Roctool processing allowed for a darker colored part with perfect surface finish compared to conventional processing.
3) Roughness measurements confirmed better replication of surface textures using Roctool technology, with replication rates up to 202% better than conventional molding.
Variable pathlength colorimetric spectroscopy of greasesRich Wurzbach
This document proposes improvements to the ASTM D7918 method for analyzing grease color using variable path length colorimetric spectroscopy. It summarizes the limitations of the current method, which uses a fixed 1mm sample thickness that results in excessive light absorption, making many in-service grease samples appear black. The proposed improvements include using a new spectrometer and variable sample paths from 0.035" to 0.005" thickness to allow analysis of both new and used grease samples across a range of transmissions. Next steps include adapting the prototype to a standard shim set and disposable windows for consistency, and conducting a beta test with used grease samples.
A spectrophotometer is a device that measures light intensities at different wavelengths. It works by splitting light into a spectrum and detecting intensities with a charged couple device. Key components include an illuminant, optics to direct light, a monochromator to split light, and a photodetector. There are single and dual beam types, with dual beam minimizing errors by comparing sample and reference beams. Calibration ensures repeatability, and spectrophotometers are used to measure color and help with tasks like quality control and color matching.
1) Testing was conducted using a spiral mold to compare the flow and pressure characteristics of conventional injection molding versus Roctool technology.
2) With Roctool technology (180°C mold temperature), flow length was improved by up to 137% and injection pressure drop was reduced by up to 66% compared to conventional molding (80°C).
3) Pressure drop between sensors in the cavity was reduced by up to 48% when using Roctool technology with a 1.5mm thick spiral versus conventional molding.
1) Roctool technology improves the surface quality of plastic parts by removing defects like weld lines and sink marks. It produces a smoother surface with up to 800% higher gloss.
2) Measurements show Roctool technology improves replication of textures on molds by up to 85% compared to conventional molding. Surface roughness is also reduced.
3) Tests found Roctool technology increases flow length in molds and reduces pressure drop during injection by up to 75% compared to conventional molding temperatures, especially at higher temperatures like 180C. This leads to better part quality.
1) A report summarizes test results for injection molding plastic samples using conventional and Roctool technologies.
2) Using Roctool technology improved gloss by up to 800% and removed defects from the surface. Texture replication was 85% compared to conventional.
3) Testing showed Roctool improved flow length by up to 75% and reduced pressure drop by up to 70% compared to conventional injection molding. The optimum mold temperature was 180°C.
1) A report summarizes test results for injection molding plastic samples using conventional and Roctool technologies.
2) Using Roctool technology improved gloss by up to 800% and removed defects from surfaces. It replicated textures from molds at up to 85% but did not significantly impact color.
3) Testing showed Roctool improved flow length by up to 74% and reduced pressure drop by up to 68% compared to conventional molding. The optimum mold temperature was 180°C.
1) Testing using Roctool technology showed improvements over conventional injection molding, including removal of weld lines and better replication rates of textures up to 97%, an improvement of 202%.
2) While gloss values did not change significantly with Roctool, the mold temperature had a small impact on color perception, allowing a darker color with Roctool technology.
3) Roughness measurements confirmed better replication of different textures with Roctool, and textures were better felt when touched.
1) Testing of Roctool molding technology showed improvements over conventional injection molding, including removal of weld lines and higher replication rates of surface textures up to 97%.
2) While gloss values were similar between the techniques, Roctool processing allowed for a darker colored part with perfect surface finish compared to conventional processing.
3) Roughness measurements confirmed better replication of surface textures using Roctool technology, with replication rates up to 202% better than conventional molding.
Variable pathlength colorimetric spectroscopy of greasesRich Wurzbach
This document proposes improvements to the ASTM D7918 method for analyzing grease color using variable path length colorimetric spectroscopy. It summarizes the limitations of the current method, which uses a fixed 1mm sample thickness that results in excessive light absorption, making many in-service grease samples appear black. The proposed improvements include using a new spectrometer and variable sample paths from 0.035" to 0.005" thickness to allow analysis of both new and used grease samples across a range of transmissions. Next steps include adapting the prototype to a standard shim set and disposable windows for consistency, and conducting a beta test with used grease samples.
A spectrophotometer is a device that measures light intensities at different wavelengths. It works by splitting light into a spectrum and detecting intensities with a charged couple device. Key components include an illuminant, optics to direct light, a monochromator to split light, and a photodetector. There are single and dual beam types, with dual beam minimizing errors by comparing sample and reference beams. Calibration ensures repeatability, and spectrophotometers are used to measure color and help with tasks like quality control and color matching.
1) Testing was conducted using a spiral mold to compare the flow and pressure characteristics of conventional injection molding versus Roctool technology.
2) With Roctool technology (180°C mold temperature), flow length was improved by up to 137% and injection pressure drop was reduced by up to 66% compared to conventional molding (80°C).
3) Pressure drop between sensors in the cavity was reduced by up to 48% when using Roctool technology with a 1.5mm thick spiral versus conventional molding.
1) Roctool technology improves the surface quality of plastic parts by removing defects like weld lines and sink marks. It produces a smoother surface with up to 800% higher gloss.
2) Measurements show Roctool technology improves replication of textures on molds by up to 85% compared to conventional molding. Surface roughness is also reduced.
3) Tests found Roctool technology increases flow length in molds and reduces pressure drop during injection by up to 75% compared to conventional molding temperatures, especially at higher temperatures like 180C. This leads to better part quality.
1) A report summarizes test results for injection molding plastic samples using conventional and Roctool technologies.
2) Using Roctool technology improved gloss by up to 800% and removed defects from the surface. Texture replication was 85% compared to conventional.
3) Testing showed Roctool improved flow length by up to 75% and reduced pressure drop by up to 70% compared to conventional injection molding. The optimum mold temperature was 180°C.
1) A report summarizes test results for injection molding plastic samples using conventional and Roctool technologies.
2) Using Roctool technology improved gloss by up to 800% and removed defects from surfaces. It replicated textures from molds at up to 85% but did not significantly impact color.
3) Testing showed Roctool improved flow length by up to 74% and reduced pressure drop by up to 68% compared to conventional molding. The optimum mold temperature was 180°C.
1) Roctool technology improves surface quality and replication rate compared to conventional injection molding for an ABS material. Gloss and color are more uniform with Roctool processing.
2) Measurements show flow length is improved by over 30% and pressure drop is reduced by over 40% with Roctool technology compared to conventional processing at different mold thicknesses and injection pressures.
3) The optimum mold temperature for this material based on the characterization trials is 180°C when using Roctool technology.
1. The document reports on test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for plastic parts.
2. Key findings include improved surface quality, replication rates up to 81%, and roughness reductions of up to 88% with Roctool.
3. Flow length was significantly increased and pressure drop in the cavity was reduced by up to 45% when using Roctool technology at 180°C compared to conventional processing at 80°C.
1) Testing was conducted using Roctool technology and a conventional process on plastic samples to analyze surface quality.
2) Roctool technology significantly improved gloss, removing defects like weld lines and sink marks compared to the conventional process. There was an 800% increase in gloss.
3) Texture replication was also greatly improved using Roctool technology, shown by measurements of texture depth and roughness. Replication rates were as high as 85% with Roctool versus not being measurable with the conventional process.
This document summarizes test results comparing conventional injection molding at 80°C to Roctool technology at 140°C. Key findings include:
1) Roctool technology provides a visible improvement by covering glass fibers on the surface and removing weld lines and sink marks.
2) Gloss is improved by 81% with Roctool, yielding a perfect piano black surface.
3) Roughness measurements show up to 98% replication of the mold texture with Roctool versus conventional molding.
Presentation at the ASTM June 2015 meeting in Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA, to the Grease subcommittee on a new method for testing grease particulate using a direct imaging method on samples prepared by ASTM D7918.
This document summarizes test results for injection molding plastic samples using conventional and Roctool technologies:
1. Roctool technology produced samples with improved surface quality - glass fibers were covered, weld lines and sink marks were removed. Gloss was improved by 81%.
2. Roughness measurements found replication rates up to 98% for features molded with Roctool.
3. Testing found that Roctool technology provided a 35.5% longer flow length and 33.3% lower injection pressure compared to conventional molding.
This document summarizes the results of a study characterizing the surface quality and mold filling performance of an ABS material injected into a spiral mold using conventional and Roctool injection molding technologies. Key results include:
1) Roctool technology produced parts with improved surface quality like reduced weld lines and sink marks. Gloss and color measurements confirmed these visual improvements.
2) Texture replication was improved by 52% using Roctool technology.
3) Roctool technology allowed filling the mold 33% faster and with a 41% reduction in pressure drop compared to conventional technology. The optimum mold temperature was determined to be 180°C.
1) The document summarizes the results of a study comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for a plastic material.
2) Testing showed that Roctool technology at 180°C provided significant improvements over conventional molding at 90°C, including removing weld lines, improving gloss, better color replication, and higher roughness replication rates.
3) Measurements of flow length and pressure drop also demonstrated better flow and lower pressure drop with Roctool technology compared to conventional molding.
1) The document reports on test results comparing injection molding using Roctool technology versus conventional technology.
2) Key findings include significant improvements using Roctool technology, including a 365% increase in gloss, up to 278% reduction in surface roughness, and visible removal of defects from the surface.
3) Flow length was also significantly improved using Roctool technology, with increases of up to 136.9% observed, as well as reduced pressure drop in the mold cavity of up to 112%. This allows for thinner part designs.
1) Testing of a plastic material using conventional injection molding versus Roctool technology found improvements using Roctool, including removal of weld lines and sink marks and a brighter, smoother surface finish.
2) Roughness measurements found an 88% improvement and up to 81% higher replication rates using Roctool technology.
3) Flow length tests of different mold thicknesses at various injection pressures showed significantly reduced thickness and pressure drop of up to 45% when using a mold temperature of 180C with Roctool versus 80C conventional molding.
SINTERFLEX - Carbon Control in PM SinteringAkin Malas
The presentation shows the Linde Gas SINTERFLEX technology for the PM Sintering industry and sharing background information on application in the industry for improving the quality of the PM parts in the sintering parts using the SINTERFLEX technology.
Deblocking Filter for Reduction of Blocking Artifacts in VideoIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed deblocking filter algorithm to reduce blocking artifacts in video compressed with block-based coding standards like H.264/AVC. Blocking artifacts occur at block boundaries due to operations like transformation and quantization being done independently on each block. The proposed algorithm classifies regions as smooth, complex or intermediate based on pixel differences across block boundaries. It then applies different types of filtering - strong for smooth, weak for complex, and intermediate filtering for other regions. Test results on standard video sequences show the proposed algorithm improves PSNR and SSIM metrics over previous filtering methods, reducing blocking artifacts and improving subjective video quality.
The document discusses drilling cost and rate. It provides equations to calculate drilling cost based on rig operating cost, bit cost, rotating time, connection time, and trip time. The cost per foot is lowest when the bit is pulled at the optimal time, such as when the cost curve begins to increase. Bit selection is based on past performance and predicted geology. Drilling rate is affected by factors like bit type, weight, speed, fluid properties, and formation characteristics. Maintaining proper fluid pressures and using appropriate fluids also impacts drilling time.
This document summarizes the development of a robust SMT process for placing 03015 components, which are only 0.3mm x 0.15mm in size. Through testing different solder pastes and stencil materials, the author developed a process using a laser-cut fine grain stainless steel stencil with an electro polish and nano coating that achieved over 80% transfer efficiency. Taguchi experiments were used to optimize print parameters. Initial tests achieved placement of 03015 components with 0 defects out of 36,000 placements. The printing process achieved a DPMO of 15. Further work is still needed to optimize the process for thinner stencils required by smartphones.
1) A report summarizes the results of tests comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for a plastic material.
2) Roctool technology showed significant improvements, including a 60% increase in gloss, elimination of defects like weld lines and sink marks, and a replication rate of 98% for textures compared to 45% for conventional.
3) Pressure and flow length measurements found lower pressure drops and longer flow at a mold temperature of 140°C using Roctool technology versus conventional molding at 50°C.
1) Testing using Roctool technology at 140°C showed improvements in surface quality over conventional molding at 90°C, including reduced defects and improved gloss.
2) Roughness measurements found better replication rates and reduced roughness parameters using Roctool technology.
3) Color measurements indicated Roctool technology produced a darker color while maintaining surface finish compared to conventional processing.
New Software Methods Enhance Sedimentation Velocity Analysis of Protein Aggre...KBI Biopharma
1) New software methods have improved the resolution and sensitivity of sedimentation velocity analysis, making it useful for comparability testing, formulation development, and quality control.
2) A method developed by Peter Schuck increases resolution of multiple components and detects very minor components below 1%. It provides higher resolution than SEC columns.
3) Another new method allows obtaining conformation and mass information at extremely low concentrations below 1 microgram total protein.
This document discusses improving the pass band droop in cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filters. CIC filters are commonly used for decimation but exhibit high pass band droop. The document proposes a zero rotation approach to improve droop. It compares the magnitude response of the original CIC filter to the proposed filter with zero rotation. The proposed filter shows over 1dB improvement in droop at the pass band frequency. The distribution of zeros is also improved in the proposed approach.
Basics of Grease Sampling: Grease Thief Goes to KSARich Wurzbach
Basics of Grease Sampling:
1. It is important to identify critical components, ensure samples are collected per standards, have trained samplers, have open communication with labs, and do root cause analysis of failures to improve programs.
2. There are different grease thief kits for various applications like wind turbines, motors, robots, and more that are compliant with sampling standards.
3. A new "grease thief pickpocket" allows for smaller diameter access, automatic sample separation, and low-cost color/ferrous content testing with easy transfer to standard thieves.
Grease Analysis Blitz for Saudi Arabia; Sampling and AnalysisRich Wurzbach
A workshop held for the benefit of companies managing assets in Saudi Arabia, including petrochemical, mining, and other asset intensive industries. Focusing on the technologies of the Grease Thief for sampling and analysis effectiveness.
Lubricating Machinery during Supply Chain ChaosRich Wurzbach
We live in a time where established approaches and schedules for lubrication are being disrupted. Supply chain issues are hitting at the heart of machinery lubrication. When its "time" to re-grease or change oil, and the lubricant we need is not available, what can we do?
Rich Wurzbach will talk about strategies that utilize oil and grease analysis and lubricant compatibility studies that are becoming necessary to navigate these challenging times, and maintain critical machinery availability without compromising performance and machine life.
Take a walk through MRG Labs and learn how test stand and advanced laboratory instrument testing is utilized to define grease compatibility. If you are not using oil or grease analysis fully today, it means that you have not been optimizing lubrication requirements for your equipment. And when you think you need a lubricant that is not available, you may find that you don't really need it after all. This live presentation will allow Q&A where you can share your current challenge, and discuss ways to overcome the broken lubricant supply chain.
Grease Mixing and Compatibility StudiesRich Wurzbach
This overview that was presented live online, reviews the risks present in mixing grease products, discusses the testing that can be performed, and how to manage changing products in your grease lubricated assets.
More Related Content
Similar to Variable pathlength colorimetric spectroscopy of greases 0314021
1) Roctool technology improves surface quality and replication rate compared to conventional injection molding for an ABS material. Gloss and color are more uniform with Roctool processing.
2) Measurements show flow length is improved by over 30% and pressure drop is reduced by over 40% with Roctool technology compared to conventional processing at different mold thicknesses and injection pressures.
3) The optimum mold temperature for this material based on the characterization trials is 180°C when using Roctool technology.
1. The document reports on test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for plastic parts.
2. Key findings include improved surface quality, replication rates up to 81%, and roughness reductions of up to 88% with Roctool.
3. Flow length was significantly increased and pressure drop in the cavity was reduced by up to 45% when using Roctool technology at 180°C compared to conventional processing at 80°C.
1) Testing was conducted using Roctool technology and a conventional process on plastic samples to analyze surface quality.
2) Roctool technology significantly improved gloss, removing defects like weld lines and sink marks compared to the conventional process. There was an 800% increase in gloss.
3) Texture replication was also greatly improved using Roctool technology, shown by measurements of texture depth and roughness. Replication rates were as high as 85% with Roctool versus not being measurable with the conventional process.
This document summarizes test results comparing conventional injection molding at 80°C to Roctool technology at 140°C. Key findings include:
1) Roctool technology provides a visible improvement by covering glass fibers on the surface and removing weld lines and sink marks.
2) Gloss is improved by 81% with Roctool, yielding a perfect piano black surface.
3) Roughness measurements show up to 98% replication of the mold texture with Roctool versus conventional molding.
Presentation at the ASTM June 2015 meeting in Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA, to the Grease subcommittee on a new method for testing grease particulate using a direct imaging method on samples prepared by ASTM D7918.
This document summarizes test results for injection molding plastic samples using conventional and Roctool technologies:
1. Roctool technology produced samples with improved surface quality - glass fibers were covered, weld lines and sink marks were removed. Gloss was improved by 81%.
2. Roughness measurements found replication rates up to 98% for features molded with Roctool.
3. Testing found that Roctool technology provided a 35.5% longer flow length and 33.3% lower injection pressure compared to conventional molding.
This document summarizes the results of a study characterizing the surface quality and mold filling performance of an ABS material injected into a spiral mold using conventional and Roctool injection molding technologies. Key results include:
1) Roctool technology produced parts with improved surface quality like reduced weld lines and sink marks. Gloss and color measurements confirmed these visual improvements.
2) Texture replication was improved by 52% using Roctool technology.
3) Roctool technology allowed filling the mold 33% faster and with a 41% reduction in pressure drop compared to conventional technology. The optimum mold temperature was determined to be 180°C.
1) The document summarizes the results of a study comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for a plastic material.
2) Testing showed that Roctool technology at 180°C provided significant improvements over conventional molding at 90°C, including removing weld lines, improving gloss, better color replication, and higher roughness replication rates.
3) Measurements of flow length and pressure drop also demonstrated better flow and lower pressure drop with Roctool technology compared to conventional molding.
1) The document reports on test results comparing injection molding using Roctool technology versus conventional technology.
2) Key findings include significant improvements using Roctool technology, including a 365% increase in gloss, up to 278% reduction in surface roughness, and visible removal of defects from the surface.
3) Flow length was also significantly improved using Roctool technology, with increases of up to 136.9% observed, as well as reduced pressure drop in the mold cavity of up to 112%. This allows for thinner part designs.
1) Testing of a plastic material using conventional injection molding versus Roctool technology found improvements using Roctool, including removal of weld lines and sink marks and a brighter, smoother surface finish.
2) Roughness measurements found an 88% improvement and up to 81% higher replication rates using Roctool technology.
3) Flow length tests of different mold thicknesses at various injection pressures showed significantly reduced thickness and pressure drop of up to 45% when using a mold temperature of 180C with Roctool versus 80C conventional molding.
SINTERFLEX - Carbon Control in PM SinteringAkin Malas
The presentation shows the Linde Gas SINTERFLEX technology for the PM Sintering industry and sharing background information on application in the industry for improving the quality of the PM parts in the sintering parts using the SINTERFLEX technology.
Deblocking Filter for Reduction of Blocking Artifacts in VideoIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed deblocking filter algorithm to reduce blocking artifacts in video compressed with block-based coding standards like H.264/AVC. Blocking artifacts occur at block boundaries due to operations like transformation and quantization being done independently on each block. The proposed algorithm classifies regions as smooth, complex or intermediate based on pixel differences across block boundaries. It then applies different types of filtering - strong for smooth, weak for complex, and intermediate filtering for other regions. Test results on standard video sequences show the proposed algorithm improves PSNR and SSIM metrics over previous filtering methods, reducing blocking artifacts and improving subjective video quality.
The document discusses drilling cost and rate. It provides equations to calculate drilling cost based on rig operating cost, bit cost, rotating time, connection time, and trip time. The cost per foot is lowest when the bit is pulled at the optimal time, such as when the cost curve begins to increase. Bit selection is based on past performance and predicted geology. Drilling rate is affected by factors like bit type, weight, speed, fluid properties, and formation characteristics. Maintaining proper fluid pressures and using appropriate fluids also impacts drilling time.
This document summarizes the development of a robust SMT process for placing 03015 components, which are only 0.3mm x 0.15mm in size. Through testing different solder pastes and stencil materials, the author developed a process using a laser-cut fine grain stainless steel stencil with an electro polish and nano coating that achieved over 80% transfer efficiency. Taguchi experiments were used to optimize print parameters. Initial tests achieved placement of 03015 components with 0 defects out of 36,000 placements. The printing process achieved a DPMO of 15. Further work is still needed to optimize the process for thinner stencils required by smartphones.
1) A report summarizes the results of tests comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for a plastic material.
2) Roctool technology showed significant improvements, including a 60% increase in gloss, elimination of defects like weld lines and sink marks, and a replication rate of 98% for textures compared to 45% for conventional.
3) Pressure and flow length measurements found lower pressure drops and longer flow at a mold temperature of 140°C using Roctool technology versus conventional molding at 50°C.
1) Testing using Roctool technology at 140°C showed improvements in surface quality over conventional molding at 90°C, including reduced defects and improved gloss.
2) Roughness measurements found better replication rates and reduced roughness parameters using Roctool technology.
3) Color measurements indicated Roctool technology produced a darker color while maintaining surface finish compared to conventional processing.
New Software Methods Enhance Sedimentation Velocity Analysis of Protein Aggre...KBI Biopharma
1) New software methods have improved the resolution and sensitivity of sedimentation velocity analysis, making it useful for comparability testing, formulation development, and quality control.
2) A method developed by Peter Schuck increases resolution of multiple components and detects very minor components below 1%. It provides higher resolution than SEC columns.
3) Another new method allows obtaining conformation and mass information at extremely low concentrations below 1 microgram total protein.
This document discusses improving the pass band droop in cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filters. CIC filters are commonly used for decimation but exhibit high pass band droop. The document proposes a zero rotation approach to improve droop. It compares the magnitude response of the original CIC filter to the proposed filter with zero rotation. The proposed filter shows over 1dB improvement in droop at the pass band frequency. The distribution of zeros is also improved in the proposed approach.
Similar to Variable pathlength colorimetric spectroscopy of greases 0314021 (18)
Basics of Grease Sampling: Grease Thief Goes to KSARich Wurzbach
Basics of Grease Sampling:
1. It is important to identify critical components, ensure samples are collected per standards, have trained samplers, have open communication with labs, and do root cause analysis of failures to improve programs.
2. There are different grease thief kits for various applications like wind turbines, motors, robots, and more that are compliant with sampling standards.
3. A new "grease thief pickpocket" allows for smaller diameter access, automatic sample separation, and low-cost color/ferrous content testing with easy transfer to standard thieves.
Grease Analysis Blitz for Saudi Arabia; Sampling and AnalysisRich Wurzbach
A workshop held for the benefit of companies managing assets in Saudi Arabia, including petrochemical, mining, and other asset intensive industries. Focusing on the technologies of the Grease Thief for sampling and analysis effectiveness.
Lubricating Machinery during Supply Chain ChaosRich Wurzbach
We live in a time where established approaches and schedules for lubrication are being disrupted. Supply chain issues are hitting at the heart of machinery lubrication. When its "time" to re-grease or change oil, and the lubricant we need is not available, what can we do?
Rich Wurzbach will talk about strategies that utilize oil and grease analysis and lubricant compatibility studies that are becoming necessary to navigate these challenging times, and maintain critical machinery availability without compromising performance and machine life.
Take a walk through MRG Labs and learn how test stand and advanced laboratory instrument testing is utilized to define grease compatibility. If you are not using oil or grease analysis fully today, it means that you have not been optimizing lubrication requirements for your equipment. And when you think you need a lubricant that is not available, you may find that you don't really need it after all. This live presentation will allow Q&A where you can share your current challenge, and discuss ways to overcome the broken lubricant supply chain.
Grease Mixing and Compatibility StudiesRich Wurzbach
This overview that was presented live online, reviews the risks present in mixing grease products, discusses the testing that can be performed, and how to manage changing products in your grease lubricated assets.
This document discusses new techniques for sampling and analyzing grease from wind turbine blade bearings to diagnose issues. It describes how grease behaves differently than oil and how current oil analysis techniques are inadequate for grease. It then outlines a research project involving sampling grease from blade bearings using a newly developed "Grease Thief Slim" tool. The samples were analyzed using techniques like FdM+ (ferrous debris detection) and die extrusion to detect wear and consistency issues. The results helped pinpoint problems and avoid undetected failures. Standards for grease sampling and analysis were also established based on this research.
This presentation was part of the Grease Thief Thursdays session on January 28, 2021. Includes an additional section added after the presentation from data shared at the December ASTM In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring subcommittee meetings.
This Powerpoint, updated December 2019, is a good overview of ASTM D7718, the techniques and tools for obtaining representative samples of inservice lubricating grease, as well as the techniques for analysis outlined in ASTM D7918.
Variable pathlength colorimetric spectroscopy of greases; enhancements to d7918Rich Wurzbach
Presentation made at the December 2018 ASTM Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia. An overview of the current method and improvements to allow a variable pathlength color absorbance method for evaluating new and in-service greases.
This document discusses establishing an effective grease analysis program to monitor critical equipment lubricated with grease. It recommends the following steps: 1) select equipment for inclusion, 2) evaluate grease flow to determine sampling locations, 3) select appropriate sampling equipment, 4) establish standard sampling procedures, 5) create appropriate test methods, 6) generate a sampling schedule, and 7) review results for issues and implement proactive measures. The document also describes various grease sampling and analysis techniques like particle counting, moisture analysis, and color measurement that can identify contamination, wear, or grease degradation issues.
Brief overview of the current state of Ferrous Debris analyzers suitable for grease analysis by ASTM D7918, and status of the current instrument limitations
A summary of the current state of technology in grease sampling and analysis using the Grease Thief. Includes case studies, sample reports, sampling kits and analysis techniques. New developments include particle counting for grease cleanliness, moisture ppm values for grease, and grease colorimetry.
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Presented in the Grease II Session at STLE Annual Meeting in Dallas, TX, May 21, 2015. This gives an overview of work done by MRG Labs utilizing the Grease Thief sampling technology outlined in ASTM D7718, and the Die Extrusion method of thin-film grease preparation.
Grease sampling and analysis of main and blade bearings - STLE 2015 presentationRich Wurzbach
This document summarizes research on grease sampling and analysis of wind turbine blade and main bearings. Grease sampling of these large, slow-turning bearings is challenging but important to monitor bearing health and detect early signs of wear. New sampling tools have been developed including a slimmer sampler for hard-to-access blade bearings. Research projects have established best practices for representative grease sampling and analysis techniques to evaluate properties like consistency, wear debris, contamination, and oxidation. Analysis can identify abnormal wear conditions early to avoid costly bearing failures.
Wind Turbine Sampling and Analysis: NREL GRC presentation, Feb 18, 2015Rich Wurzbach
Presentation by Rich Wurzbach, MRG Labs, at the NREL Gearbox Reliability Collaborative meeting in Golden, CO, February 18, 0215. Gives background development of grease sampling tools for wind turbines, standards development, and recommended practices by AWEA.
ASTM D7718 Sampling Standard (topic presented at OilDoc2015)Rich Wurzbach
An overview of the methods outlined in ASTM D7718. Topic to be presented to attendees at the OilDoc2015 Conference held in Rosenheim, Bavaria, Germany on January 29, 2015.
Concrete Containment Tendon Grease Sampling and AnalysisRich Wurzbach
Presented at the 10th International NDE Conference in Nice, France in 2013, this paper outlines new methods and technologies for obtaining representative samples without tendon can disassembly, and a more robust and reliable test slate to evaluate corrosion failure modes including MIC, water, corrosive ions, and the presence of oxidized ferrous debris. Methods developed in response to a containment tendon failure, and the resulting corrective action plan to evaluate an entire assembly of tendons.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
2. Introduction
Grease comes in a wide array of colors
New and In-Service Grease can be evaluated
Methodology introduced in ASTM D7918-15
iLab, Spectroscopy Box, Thin Film Substrate of
grease
4. 4
L*
40
50
60
70
80
90
a*
40
50
60
70
80
90
b*
40
50
60
70
80
90
CIE color space chromaticity diagram
ASTM E308 Defines CIE Color
a* is the change in color in the red spectrum.
a* is positive in the red direction and negative in the
green direction.
b* is the change in color of the yellow spectrum.
b* is positive in the yellow direction and negative in the
blue direction.
L* is the change in shade from white to black.
6. Grease Color Examples
Three different
greases
Follows the patterns
identified by the
chromaticity diagram
Colors Sample 1 2 3
Light…dark
L* 48.6 63.5 61.3
Red…green
a* 42.5 13.6 25.8
Yellow…Blue
b* -14.0 -52.1 3.8
7. New Grease to End of Life
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength (nm)
Transmission
New Fluid
In-Service Fluid
End of Life Fluid
8. Limitations of Method in D7918
iLab Spectrometer is called out in method
iLab Spectrometer is no longer manufactured
or supported
A review of 5+ years of testing shows that the
majority of in-service submitted grease
samples are “flatlined” in the visible spectrum
due to excessive absorbance at the 1mm
nominal thickness of die extrusion
10. Grease under varying conditions
New grease (Vigo)
Significantly dark (3418)
Moderately dark (384)
Slightly dark (389)
Significantly dark (391)
11. Improvements to D7918
Introduction of a new spectrometer
Recognition of the limitations of method
due to excessive absorbance
Development of new method to allow
variable pathlength of the grease sample
Allows for a screening process for greases
without requiring die extrusion
High transmittance samples (light, new)
and low transmittance samples (used)
18. Next Steps
Inclusion of new Grease Thief Colorimeter
in current ASTM Inter-Laboratory Study
(ILS)
Submit research report and ballot revision
to D7918, removing spectrometer-specific
references, and retaining spectrum option
Continue to find grease-specific data
relationships to color-influencing
parameter changes
Continue to evaluate and create new
color-based and grease specific criteria