The document discusses variable compression ratio engines. It describes the static compression ratio of a traditional internal combustion engine and introduces the concept of a variable compression ratio that can be adjusted while the engine is running. It then focuses on Nissan's variable compression ratio engine, which uses a multi-link system and harmonic drive actuator to vary the compression ratio between 8:1 and 14:1 depending on the load in order to improve fuel efficiency. The presentation concludes by explaining the main parts and working of Nissan's unique approach to achieving a variable compression ratio.
Infiniti's newest engine is an engineering marvel. The VC-T engine (for "variable compression, turbocharged") can adjust its compression ratio between 8:1 and 14:1 on the fly, offering high-compression efficiency under light loads and the low compression needed for turbocharged power under hard acceleration.
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
Infiniti's newest engine is an engineering marvel. The VC-T engine (for "variable compression, turbocharged") can adjust its compression ratio between 8:1 and 14:1 on the fly, offering high-compression efficiency under light loads and the low compression needed for turbocharged power under hard acceleration.
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
The common rail fuel injection system is finding increasing use engines as it has the potential to drastically cut emissions and fuel consumption. This system provides control of many important parameters linked to the injection system. It has a wide range of applications, From small to heavy-duty engines.
Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation.
This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads. Higher loads require lower ratios to be more efficient and vice versa.
Variable compression engines allow the compression ratio to be changed for various working conditions, and obtain the required compression ratio for the required load conditions.
The valve timing of modern automobiles are not constant. It varies with speed, load. Here this slide describes about the modern Variable Valve Timing system and their controls
Variable compression ratio and heat balance sheetdishantpati
Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation. This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads.
The common rail fuel injection system is finding increasing use engines as it has the potential to drastically cut emissions and fuel consumption. This system provides control of many important parameters linked to the injection system. It has a wide range of applications, From small to heavy-duty engines.
Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation.
This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads. Higher loads require lower ratios to be more efficient and vice versa.
Variable compression engines allow the compression ratio to be changed for various working conditions, and obtain the required compression ratio for the required load conditions.
The valve timing of modern automobiles are not constant. It varies with speed, load. Here this slide describes about the modern Variable Valve Timing system and their controls
Variable compression ratio and heat balance sheetdishantpati
Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation. This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads.
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratioLiviu Giurca
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratio is an advanced engine concept which uses the conventional mechanism in an innovative configuration.
This ppt is on evolution of vtec engines, also explains about the working of an engine along with explanation of an vtec engine.
This ppt on evolution of vtec engine published by HECTIC also briefs about the versions of vtec engines.
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
3. The static compression ratio of an internal-combustion
engine is a value represents the ratio of the volume of its
combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest
capacity. It is a fundamental specification for many
common combustion engines.
In a piston engine, it is a ratio between the volume of
the cylinder and combustion chamber when the piston is at
the bottom of its stroke, and the volume of the combustion
chamber when the piston is at the top of its stroke.
UKFCETVCR ENGINE 3
4. VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO
Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the
compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while
the engine is in operation. This is done to increase the
fuel efficiency while under varying loads. Higher loads
require lower ratios to be more efficient and vice versa.
Variable compression engines allow for the volume
above the piston at Top dead centre to be changed. For
automotive use this needs to be done dynamically in
response to the load and driving demands.
UKFCETVCR ENGINE 4
6. Nissan broke new ground for gasoline engines at the 2016
Paris Motor Show when it unveiled the first production-
intent variable-compression-ratio gasoline engine. The VC-
Turbo, a 2.0-L inline four cylinder designed in house,
features a novel crank train and control system that enables
the effective compression ratio to be varied between 8:1
and 14:1, depending on load.
Making its debut under the automaker's Infiniti brand, the
VC-Turbo (VC-T) has been designed to replace the
company's 3.5-L V6, with a target output of 268 hp (200
kW) and 288 lb·ft (390 N·m). Infiniti has set a target for
fuel consumption reduction of 27% compared with the V6.
The VC-Turbo uses two fuel injection systems. The engine
is being readied for series production in early 2018. The
initial first vehicle application is the new QX50.
UKFCETVCR ENGINE 6
8. VCR engines alter the compression ratio by rising or
lowering the height of the piston at top dead centre, but
the Infiniti engine achieves this in a unique way. Nissan
engineers have adopted a multi-link system with an
electric motor actuator, known as “Harmonic Drive
Reduction Gear”
The Harmonic Drive is controlled by a dedicated ECU
which gathers data from engine sensors to determine the
compression ratio required for given driving (load)
conditions.
UKFCETVCR ENGINE 8
9. Main Parts
• Piston
• Upper-link
• Multi-link
• Crank shaft
• Lower-link
• Control shaft
• Actuator arm
• Harmonic Drive
UKFCETVCR ENGINE 9
11. Working
• When a change in compression ratio is needed, the
Harmonic Drive turns and moves the actuator arm.
• The actuator arm rotates the control shaft.
• as the control shaft rotates, it acts upon the lower link,
which changes the angle of the multi-link.
• The multi-link adjust the height the piston can reach within
the cylinder, thus changing the compression ratio.
UKFCETVCR ENGINE 11
14. CONCLUSION
• Allowing us to choose between both efficiency and power.
• The 197-hp Nissan VC-Turbo engine is designed to replace
the company’s 3.5L V6, first in Infiniti QX50, while
reducing weight by 25kg and targeting fuel consumption
reductions of 27% vs V6.
UKFCETVCR ENGINE 14
