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VALUES IN OB

This document discusses the meaning, definition, characteristics, sources, and types of values. It states that values are basic principles that guide individuals' behaviors and judgments. Organizational values refer to the ethical ideals that all employees are expected to follow. Values are formed from social institutions like family and influences like work colleagues. There are different types of values including theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, and religious values. The document also discusses the importance of values and ethics in ensuring loyalty and ethical behavior in organizations.

Leadership & Management◦
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 MEANING  DEFINITION  CHARACTERISTICS  SOURCES  TYPES  LOYALTY & ETHICAL BEHAVIOR
 Values are basic principles which guide individuals.  These are strong beliefs, deep rooted ideologies & core thoughts which are carried by individuals.
 Values can be defined as basic standards or ideal behavior that states about one’s judgment – what is important in life.  Organizational values can be defined as a set of ethical ideals which must be obeyed by all employees.
 Values set moral standards.  Attitudes & behavior are based on values.  Values are permanent & close.  Values prepare scope for motivation.
 Value-forming activities of various social institutions (family, school, state & religion )  Values of an organization (levels, structure, strategy & goal congruence )  Peers / colleagues in the organization (we feeling, team work, caring & empathy )  Work & career aspects ( planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling & career planning )  Professional code of conduct (increasing source of ethical norms for managers in business organizations.
 Theoretical  Economic  Aesthetic  Social  Political  Religious
 Theories are based on reasoning & systematic thinking.  It is the discovery of truth.  For example – If all the employees practice truth in true sense, the organization would operate itself & there won’t be any need for supervision.
 It focuses on wealth maximization & proper allocation & utilization of resources.  For example – if the project is economically viable, then it can be undertaken.
 It is based on appreciation of beauty & harmony.  It refers to perform your duty with beauty.  It refers to all work must be done in a smooth manner & that there is mutual understanding & sense of participation among all human elements.  Aesthetic value is displayed by cordial relations between various levels of organization, effective communication & conflict free environment.
 Social values are based on society which consists of human beings & their relations.  It is related to love of people, sense of belonging & an attitude of we feeling.  For example – In the organization employees work together & for this there is increase in productivity & motivation.
 Political values are based on gaining power & influencing people.  Right people must be placed at the right position.  For example – motivation & leadership
 These are regarded as devotional values & sacred thoughts.  It is used in the organization & all employees believe that duty is God.
 INSTRUMENTAL VALUES – It helps to achieve the goals of organization. These are ambition, honesty, self sufficiency, courage, broad minded, help, responsible, forgiving & self controlled etc. These values are universally applicable.  TERMINAL VALUES – Instrumental values make way for terminal values. It is the ultimate goal which must be achieved.  For example – salvation, world at peace, happiness, precious life, equity, national security, freedom & world of beauty.
 Work values are very important as they affect work atmosphere.  Work values are deep rooted in organizations.  Every individual must possess a high degree of value system, he must be loyal to his work, the superior & behave ethically in common interest of the society.
 ACHIEVEMENT – It refers to advancement in one’s career due to hard effort.  HONESTY – It refers to truthfulness or accuracy. It also focuses on values like do not mislead others & provide right information.  FAIRNESS – It focuses on avoidance of discrimination & inequality regarding pay, promotion etc.
 Ethics are morale guidelines or basic code of conduct on which value stands.  Managerial ethics are basic values or philosophy which is the foundation of the organization.  There are 3 types of managerial ethics – immoral management, moral management & amoral management.
 Immoral management  Moral management  Amoral management
 Immoral managers are only profit oriented.  They have lack of social concern, legal practices & ethical principles.
 Managers having high moral use fair & justice practices & procedures for success.  They follow ethical principles & legal behavior.
 Amoral managers are neither moral nor immoral.  They can be of 2 types – intentional & unintentional amoral.  Intentional amoral – They do not follow any ethical principles in decision making. They also feel ethical principles have value in life not in business. Unintentional amoral – Here managers ignore ethical principles, because they are insensitive by their nature.