Management is a goal-oriented process that involves formulating, implementing, and controlling plans to achieve organizational objectives through teamwork and diversity. It functions as a system of authority with defined relationships and utilizes a social process for effective resource allocation. Management is universal, dynamic, and integrates knowledge from various disciplines, acting as both a science and an art while applying specialized professional knowledge.

1. Goal oriented
Group activity
System of authority
Social process
Universal
Levels of management
Dynamic concept
Distinct feature
Intangible
Integrated
Multi disciplinary
Science-Art-Profession

2. GOAL ORIENTED
 Management is goal oriented as every organization has
to achieve some specific predetermined goals.
 To achieve goals managers have to formulate,
implement & control plans & programs.
 Goals can be further divided into objectives & then
tasks can be assigned.

3. GROUP ACTIVITY
 To achieve goals & objectives organizations are
connected with group of people.
 Every organization focuses on team work. In a team
there are different types of personnel who have
different knowledge, skill & ability along with
diversified age, gender & religion.
 Organizations maintain unity in diversity and act as a
group to accomplish the tasks.

4. SYSTEM OF AUTHORITY
 Management makes different rules & imposes
authority for the smooth run of the organization.
 It has to maintain proper superior-subordinate & peers
relationship.
 It clearly indicates who is accountable towards whom,
who will perform what activity etc.

5. SOCIAL PROCESS
 Management states getting things done by others. It
involves delegation of authority.
 In order to achieve goals & objectives management has
to direct, coordinate & regulate personnel.
 To get optimum output management makes proper
allocation & utilization of resources which can be done
through social process.

6. MANAGEMENT IS UNIVERSAL &
DYNAMIC
 Management is applicable to all-over the world.
 The organization may be big or small, private or public
undertaking management plays very vital role.
 As a dynamic function management has to change
policies & processes according to change in
environment.

7. ALL LEVELS
 Organization consists of three levels to be managed.
These are:
 Top level
 Middle level
 Lower level

8. DISTINCT ENTITY
 Management is different from activities, processes &
techniques.
 It has to achieve goals & objectives of the organization
by preparing strategy.
 It has to make planning, organizing, staffing, leading &
controlling

9. INTANGIBILITY
 Management means manage men tactically & getting
things done through others which act can not be seen,
but felt only.
 The manager is tangible, but skill of management is
intangible.

10. INTEGRATING FORCE
 Management integrates different functional areas such
as: marketing, finance, production, operation, human
resource, research & development etc.
 It also focuses on different divisions such as: customer,
product, geographic etc.
 It co-ordinates individual efforts into teams.

11. MULTIDISCIPLINARY
 In management knowledge is drawn from several
disciplines like:
 Economics
 Sociology
 Psychology
 Anthropology

12. MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE
 Science is the systematic body of knowledge which is
based on observation & experiment.
 It consists of cause-effect relationship.
 It is universal & science predicts.
 Management consists of all these characteristics.

13. MANAGEMENT AS AN ART
 Art is the application of the practical knowledge.
 It focuses on personal skill & creativity.
 It is result oriented & gets perfection through practice.
 Management keeps the characteristics of Art.

14. MANAGEMENT AS A PROFESSION
 Management as a profession applies specialised
knowledge.
 It focuses on formal education & training & associates
with professional organizations.