This document discusses value-based management (VBM) and its implementation. It defines VBM as a management approach that puts shareholder value creation as the core philosophy. VBM is intended to effectively link strategy, measurement, and operations to create shareholder value. The document outlines the generic VBM framework, key value drivers, example metrics like EVA and ROIC, and challenges in implementing VBM like gaining manager buy-in. It provides examples of successful VBM implementations at companies like Coca-Cola and notes that top management support is critical to smooth adoption of VBM.

1. By: Mohamed Azmi Taufik

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A business company main objective is to maximise
shareholder wealth (value).
Value is created only when the rate of return is higher
than the cost of capital.

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VBM metric, measures & value creation
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Understand the meaning of VBM
Challenges in implementing VBM

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Definition
Framework
Value Drivers
Value Creation
Measures and Metrics
Implementing VBM
Track record
Conclusion

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VBM is a management approach which put shareholder
value creation as the core philosophy of the company
(KPMG Consulting, 1999).
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VBM is a managerial process which effectively links
strategy, measurement and operational processes to
the end of creating shareholder value (CIMA, 2004)
VBM is a philosophical concept rather than technique
intended to show the financial managers where and when
value is created or destroyed within the organisation
(Kaushal and Bhargav, 2011)

6. Generic VBM framework (Morin and Jarrell, 2005)
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Valuation – defines the corporate value and explains the key drivers
of value.
Strategy – establishes a clear link between corporate value and
specific business strategies.
Finance – describes value enhancing financial policies available to the
company.
Corporate Governance – explains the actions and policies of senior
management such as performance measurement, compensation
systems and investor communication that foster value creation.

7. Value drivers are variables that affect the company’s bottom
line or profit (Koller,1994)
Determinants of value of a firm (Morin and Jarrell, 2005)
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Rate of return must be greater than cost of capital – must
make profit
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Sustain and leverage on employees intellectual capital
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Motivation towards company interest and value
Build trust
Build trust with external environment and other
stakeholders
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Increasing stock price
Investors confidence
Customers
Government & regulatory bodies
Community

9. The relationship between the company, shareholders &
stakeholders
To create the maximum possible value for shareholders the company management
must be committed to creating value in relation with customers, suppliers,
employees and communities (Niculescu, 1999).
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Firm performance measure should meet the following
(Peterson, 2000),
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Measure should incorporate risk factor
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Measure must be future oriented
Uncontrollable factors to be excluded in the measure
The following factors need to be addressed (Peterson,
2000),
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Measure should be in a flow manner (long process)
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Measure must be translated to divisional level
Measure should promote shareholder value

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Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
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Returns to Shareholders (RTS) - annual capital gains plus
dividend yields
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Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI) - expresses an
estimate of a company’s single-period cash flow as a percentage of
total investment.
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Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) - the ratio of net operating
profits less adjusted taxes (NOPLAT) to invested capital
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Economic Value Added (EVA) - measures the excess of earnings
over the minimum return that shareholders could get by investing
capital in companies of similar risk
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Value-creation mindset needs to be adopted (Copeland et al., 1994)
Mindset should tie-up with the necessary management process and systems
(Copeland et al., 1994)
Employee compensation to tie-up with performance (Martin and Petty, 2000)
Top management of the firm must fully support the program (Martin and Petty,
2000)
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Strategic planning approach – analyse long-term trend
Other stakeholders need to be considered

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Successful implementation by,
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Coca Cola, GE, Abbott Labs, Merck – has shown increased in
performance & firm’s value (Morrin and Jarrell, 2005).
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Higher return and value creation
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Perform better than peers
Executives were highly rewarded

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The outcome of adopting VBM: Higher value strategies/ decision which lead to
improved shareholder return.
Source: Copyright © The LEK/Alcar Consulting Group, Inc. via Morrin and Jarrell (2005)

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Behavioural -such as getting managers to understand the new
measures and avoiding complexity
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Technical - getting the right data, volatility in WACC, the
reliability of assumptions
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Organisational - overcoming internal resistance, the
significant effort and time required for implementation
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Managerial – support from Top Management

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Implementation of VBM by various Fortune 100 companies has
proven the effectiveness of VBM in creating and increasing firm’s
value.
Companies need to adopt VBM with performance measures that is
relevant and suitable to their organisations’
Top management support and commitment will ensure ‘smooth’
implementation of VBM
To maintain the competitive edge and continue to create value
performance metrics adopted need to be constantly monitored
and assessed

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Introduced Smart Orange under the GLC Transformation program in 2004
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Process includes,
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Introducing Core Values – Kristal
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Restructuring into 2 separate SBUs - Wholesale and Retail
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Realign Vision, Mission and Business Strategy
Develop competency model – Functional & Behavioural
Full Top management support and commitment
To continue to create value - Teaming With Passion Program were
carried out – compulsory for all staff and Leadership team to attend

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