ABSTRACT : Novel Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih is a novel by S.Jai that tells about the side of life of the
people of Kediri. Kediri is the hometown of S.Jai, so he raises stories about the people of Kediri. Kumara
Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel tells about the spirit of life of the personal figures of small communities in remote
villages in Java, precisely in the Kediri hamlet in the face of shifting, friction and changing times. Based on
feeling like asking questions or at least doubts about the ups and downs of abangan, santri and priyayi relations.
This study aims to describe the values of Education contained in the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel by
S.Jai. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with content analysis or content analysis. This method is
used to examine the contents of a document. The document in this study is the Kumara Hikayat Sang Lover
novel. The results showed that the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel, most of the people who developed in
Kediri was the life of a Santri, Priyayi and Abangan which were compiled as documentation of the mental
history of the community and the novel contained educational values, including social, moral, cultural, religious
education ,ekonommi and historically
KEYWORDS :Novels, content analysis, and educational values.
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
Issues in South Asian Literature and FilmsDilip Barad
This presentation was made in Plenary of International Seminar on South Asian Literature & Culture organised by Higher Education & Research Society, Navi Mumbai - Pune (Maharashtra-India). 6-7 September, 2013.
Rabindranath Tagore's views on Nationalism and Patriotism were far ahead of his time. Today also his views are very relevant. He was able to see the dangers of hyper-nationalism and patriotism. It may stand against humanity. He feared that national will replace human beings. His views of Japan's economic rise and military aggression.
This was webinar presentation. The event was organised by a college in north Karnataka.
English and literature, the function of literature, educational functional, literature and its function, Presentation on the moral function of literature, entertainment function, cultural functional, function of languaage
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
Issues in South Asian Literature and FilmsDilip Barad
This presentation was made in Plenary of International Seminar on South Asian Literature & Culture organised by Higher Education & Research Society, Navi Mumbai - Pune (Maharashtra-India). 6-7 September, 2013.
Rabindranath Tagore's views on Nationalism and Patriotism were far ahead of his time. Today also his views are very relevant. He was able to see the dangers of hyper-nationalism and patriotism. It may stand against humanity. He feared that national will replace human beings. His views of Japan's economic rise and military aggression.
This was webinar presentation. The event was organised by a college in north Karnataka.
English and literature, the function of literature, educational functional, literature and its function, Presentation on the moral function of literature, entertainment function, cultural functional, function of languaage
Recharting the Narrative of Subalternity in Amitav Ghosh’ Sea of PoppiesIJLP
This article analyses explores the transformation of the discourse of the novel to narrate the story of indenture.
It shows how from the double insider-outsider perspective as a researcher-mic Amitav Ghosh uses anthropological and historical perspectives to renegotiate discourses of subalternity from the perspective of the indenture diaspora
Development of Contemporary English Literature- Post Independence Period of I...paperpublications3
Abstract: literature is the reflection of society which throws light on the social, cultural, economical and historical life of human beings. There are a large number of new literary movements in Indian English fiction in the form of prose, especially novels that describes imaginary events and people. We have a diversity of writers who are writing Diasporic writing, post-colonial writing, modern, post-modern and feminist writings are becoming prominent in Indian English fiction. Today the habit of reading books is decreasing. The development of English writing since Independence has taken a new direction. This paper will help examine, perceive, explain, interpret and psychoanalyse the development of English literature over the decades beginning from the post-independence period till date.
Keywords: Contemporary English literature, Language, post-independence, English writings, English translation, women writers, diversity of writing.
Title: Development of Contemporary English Literature- Post Independence Period of India
Author: ANU ARORA
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
Hello Friends, this PPT contains the content about what is literature, definitions of literature, kinds of literature, literary types and examples of renowned literary pieces.....
Theme of love and mysticism in English and Pakistani poetry with reference to...Premier Publishers
The original concept of love may differ from person to person as well as society to society and culture to culture. It can be interpreted differently. Love is a remarkable thing which has bounded the society and the people always to each other. Mysticism would best be assumption of as a gathering of individual practices, sermons, scripts, institutes, societies, and familiarities aimed at human alteration, variously defined in different traditions. The person is known as William James which has tried to clear the concept of mysticism. The research will find out how the works of two different poets living in different continents and having opposite cultural backgrounds are addressing the same ideas and incorporating similar notions about mysticism and love. This study is devised out of curiosity weather William Wordsworth and Ameer Hamza Shinwari’s poetry contains the elements of mysticism and love. This study tries to see the different dimension of his work and give the proper and the required conclusion.
This paper investigates major points of the international folklore . On this case, reflected novels are mentioned and analysed while getting evidences from Uzbekistan. Recieved information is stated for there futher research analyses and outcomed were mentioned as a conlcusion of the research. by Tosheva Nilufar 2020. International folklore reflected in the novels. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 5 (Mar. 2020), 117-128. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i5.187. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/187/181 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/187
Understanding the nature, function, and value of literature and how to critiqueCheldy S, Elumba-Pableo
It pays to know more about Literature in order to appreciate written works whether good or bad that will serve as a guiding principles for everyone and likewise have a lasting importance in ones life and experience.
Anthropological Study of Culture in the Pambayun’s Magic By Joko SantosaAJHSSR Journal
The literary work is a text content in which there are imaginative results that are poured into
writing and reflect human life in cultural socialization. The purpose of this research is to describe the cultural
element and the complexity of ideas in the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa. The method of this
research is a qualitative descriptive study, using a literary anthropology approach. Based on the analysis of the
research, it can be conclude that the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa comprises cultural element,
especially Javanese culture in Mataram Kingdom era. The result of this research can be seen from the structure
on (1) the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa consist of cultural elements including beliefs, symbols,
technology, language and art. (2) the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa also consist of the complexity
of ideas about the nature of human life and the complexity of ideas about the nature of human work
Recharting the Narrative of Subalternity in Amitav Ghosh’ Sea of PoppiesIJLP
This article analyses explores the transformation of the discourse of the novel to narrate the story of indenture.
It shows how from the double insider-outsider perspective as a researcher-mic Amitav Ghosh uses anthropological and historical perspectives to renegotiate discourses of subalternity from the perspective of the indenture diaspora
Development of Contemporary English Literature- Post Independence Period of I...paperpublications3
Abstract: literature is the reflection of society which throws light on the social, cultural, economical and historical life of human beings. There are a large number of new literary movements in Indian English fiction in the form of prose, especially novels that describes imaginary events and people. We have a diversity of writers who are writing Diasporic writing, post-colonial writing, modern, post-modern and feminist writings are becoming prominent in Indian English fiction. Today the habit of reading books is decreasing. The development of English writing since Independence has taken a new direction. This paper will help examine, perceive, explain, interpret and psychoanalyse the development of English literature over the decades beginning from the post-independence period till date.
Keywords: Contemporary English literature, Language, post-independence, English writings, English translation, women writers, diversity of writing.
Title: Development of Contemporary English Literature- Post Independence Period of India
Author: ANU ARORA
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
Hello Friends, this PPT contains the content about what is literature, definitions of literature, kinds of literature, literary types and examples of renowned literary pieces.....
Theme of love and mysticism in English and Pakistani poetry with reference to...Premier Publishers
The original concept of love may differ from person to person as well as society to society and culture to culture. It can be interpreted differently. Love is a remarkable thing which has bounded the society and the people always to each other. Mysticism would best be assumption of as a gathering of individual practices, sermons, scripts, institutes, societies, and familiarities aimed at human alteration, variously defined in different traditions. The person is known as William James which has tried to clear the concept of mysticism. The research will find out how the works of two different poets living in different continents and having opposite cultural backgrounds are addressing the same ideas and incorporating similar notions about mysticism and love. This study is devised out of curiosity weather William Wordsworth and Ameer Hamza Shinwari’s poetry contains the elements of mysticism and love. This study tries to see the different dimension of his work and give the proper and the required conclusion.
This paper investigates major points of the international folklore . On this case, reflected novels are mentioned and analysed while getting evidences from Uzbekistan. Recieved information is stated for there futher research analyses and outcomed were mentioned as a conlcusion of the research. by Tosheva Nilufar 2020. International folklore reflected in the novels. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 5 (Mar. 2020), 117-128. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i5.187. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/187/181 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/187
Understanding the nature, function, and value of literature and how to critiqueCheldy S, Elumba-Pableo
It pays to know more about Literature in order to appreciate written works whether good or bad that will serve as a guiding principles for everyone and likewise have a lasting importance in ones life and experience.
Anthropological Study of Culture in the Pambayun’s Magic By Joko SantosaAJHSSR Journal
The literary work is a text content in which there are imaginative results that are poured into
writing and reflect human life in cultural socialization. The purpose of this research is to describe the cultural
element and the complexity of ideas in the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa. The method of this
research is a qualitative descriptive study, using a literary anthropology approach. Based on the analysis of the
research, it can be conclude that the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa comprises cultural element,
especially Javanese culture in Mataram Kingdom era. The result of this research can be seen from the structure
on (1) the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa consist of cultural elements including beliefs, symbols,
technology, language and art. (2) the Pambayun’s Magic novel by Joko Santosa also consist of the complexity
of ideas about the nature of human life and the complexity of ideas about the nature of human work
Social Conflicts in the Novel of Leila S. ChudoriAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Literature work is a reflection of society life. One of the literature works is novels. A novel
aims to provide benefits to the readers through its ideas. This study aimed to describe social conflicts in the
novel of Leila S. Chudori. This study was a qualitative research using the descriptive qualitative method and
content analysis. The data source was from the novel of Leila S. Chudori. Based on the study, the social
conflicts in the novel of Leila S. Chudori were classified into three forms, namely conflictsof individual and
individual, individual and group, as well as group and group. The social conflicts in this novel were in the form
of: (1) dispute, (2) rejection, (3) discrimination and (4) various physical violence. The factors causing the social
conflicts were differences of opinions, interests, and class status.
KEYWORDS: Leila S. Chudori, Novel, Social Conflict
Defining Literature Essay
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The effect of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth and Profitability on Tax ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to test, analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of
institutional ownership, sales growth and profitability on tax avoidance. The object of this research is
manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
in 2018-2022. This research used quantitative research methods and causal research design. The sampling
technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling as the basis for determining
the sample so that a sample of 55 samples was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the
official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method
used was multiple linear regression analysis with several tests such as descriptive statistical tests, classical
assumption tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that the
institutional ownership variable has no effect on tax avoidance, while the sales growth and profitability has a
negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.
KEYWORDS: Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, Tax Avoidance
MGA ESTRATEHIYA SA PAGTUTURO KAUGNAY SA PASALITANG PARTISIPASYON NG MGA MAG-A...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ay mahalagang kasangkapan sa paghahatid ng mabisang
pagtuturo sa loob ng silid. Tinukoy sa pag-aaral na ito ang antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa pagsasadula,
pangkatang talakayan at paggawa ng mga koneksyon sa tunay na karanasan sa buhay bilang mga estratehiya sa
pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino at pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral sa Baitang 7 ng Misamis
University Junior High School, Ozamiz City. Ang ginamit na disenyo sa pananaliksik na ito ay deskriptivcorrelational. Ang mga datos sa pag-aaral ay nagmula sa kabuuang populasyon na 120 na mag-aaral at tatlong
mga guro na tagamasid sa pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral. Ang Talatanungan sa Kagamitan sa
Pagtuturo ng Panitikan at Checklist batay sa Obserbasyon sa Pasalita na Partisipasyon ay ang instrumentong
ginamit sa pagkalap ng datos. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance at Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation Coefficient ang mga ginamit na estatistiko na sangkap. Inihayag sa naging resulta na ang tatlong piling
estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino ay may pinakamataas na antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral.
Ang antas ng pakilahok ng mga mag-aaral sa paggamit ng tatlong estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan ay
pinakamataas na nagpapahiwatig na aktibong nakilahok ang mga mag-aaral sa mga gawain. Inihayag din na
walang makabuluhang kaibahan sa antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng
panitikan sa Filipino. Ito ay nangahulugan na gustong-gusto ng mga mag-aaral ang pagkakaroon ng mga
estratehiya sa pagtuturo. Walang makabuluhang kaugnayan ang kagustuhan sa mga estratehiya at antas ng
pakikilahok ng mga mag-aaral. Hindi nakaapekto sa kanilang pakikilahok ang anumang estratehiyang ginamit ng
guro.
KEYWORDS : estratehiya, karanasan, pagsasadula, pagtuturo, pangkatang talakayan
The Role of the Instruction of Reading Comprehension Strategies in Enhancing ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Throughout my studies and teaching English in different language centers and higher studies
institutions, I have come to conclude that students consider Reading comprehension as a nightmare that
frightens them and hinders their language acquisition in the Moroccan EFL Context. This may cause them to
develop an internal psychological obstacle that grows as their lack of the necessary instruments or tools to
overcome are not equipped with. They become lost and unaware about or unfamiliar with the necessary reading
comprehension strategies that could help them to face the problem of misunderstanding or non-understanding
of English texts. Respectively, this article which is only one part of my whole study aims at showing the effect
of teaching reading strategies in enhancing the S1 students‟ familiarity with reading strategies and raising their
frequency use. A sample of 283 University students in EFL context have been chosen randomly and have
attended the usual academic reading classes, yet only 76 are subject to this survey. 38 of them constitute the
experimental group who have attended the treatment regularly in one of the language centers and the other 38
participants are chosen randomly from the whole population to constitute the Control group. They all have
Psychosocial Factors and Deviant Behaviors of Children in Conflict with the L...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to determine the relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant
behaviors among children in conflict with the law (CICL) inDavao Region. The researchers want to discover the
prevalent factors thatdrive these children to their behaviors. Further, the study sought to determinethe
manifestation of psychosocial factors in terms of life satisfaction, emotionalsupport, self-esteem, and personality
traits. The study's data came from N-83children in conflict with the law (CICL) at the Regional Rehabilitation
Center forYouth (RRCY) in Bago Oshiro, Davao City; all respondents are male. This studyused a total
enumeration sampling technique due to the relatively smallpopulation size. The researchers adapted the
Psychosocial surveyquestionnaires by Zabriskie & Ward (2013) and by John and Srivastava (1999)as well as the
Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) by Sanches et al. (2016).Through the use of a validated questionnaire,
the mean and standard deviationare determined. The researchers modified this questionnaire and translated itinto
the respondents' mother tongue (Cebuano) for them to comprehend itbetter. The study discovered no significant
relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant behaviors of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in
theDavao Region
KEYWORDS :Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), deviant behaviors, psychosocial factors
Entropy: A Join between Science and Mind-SocietyAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Entropy is join, intersection and interaction between natural science and human mind-society.
We proposed that if internal interactions exist in isolated systems, entropy decrease will be possible for this
system. Management in system is a typical internal interaction within the isolated system. The purpose of
management is to use regulating the internal interactions within the system, and to decrease the increasing
entropy spontaneously. We propose the principle of social civilization and the developing direction is: freedom
of thought, rule of action. Both combinations should be a peaceful revision and improvement of social rules and
laws. Different countries and nations, different religions and beliefs should coexist peacefully and compete
peacefully. The evolution of human society must be coevolution. Its foundation is the evolution of the human
heart and the human nature.
KEYWORDS: entropy, science, society, management, mind, evolution.
A Model of Disaster Resilience Among Colleges and Universities: A Mixed Metho...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research paper aimed to create a comprehensive framework for measuring disaster
resilience in colleges and universities. The study used a mixed method through Exploratory Factor Analysis
(EFA), which involved analyzing data from a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on
in-depth interviews with 12 selected participants from the University of Mindanao, as well as relevant literature
and studies. It was reviewed and validated by 10 experts using a method called Content Validity Ratio (CVR).
This questionnaire was then administered to 400 students from 10 different colleges in University of Mindanao.
After conducting the Exploratory Factor Analysis and performing rotations and iterations, the researchers
identified five main constructs that characterize disaster resilience among colleges (1) disaster preparedness, (2)
disaster awareness, (3) community readiness, and (4) disaster management, (5) disaster resilience. The
researchers aimed to create an organization called “Council of College Disaster Volunteers (CCDV)” which
consist of student volunteers. These factors can be used to develop effective management strategies and
strengthen efforts in preventing and managing disasters and accidents.
KEYWORDS:content validity ratio, criminology, disaster resilience, disaster management, exploratory factor
analysis, and Philippines.
Environmental Struggles and Justice Among Lumad Farmers of Davao CityAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study described the various environmental struggles experienced among the participants
and their status in accessing justice. The study followed a qualitative multiple-case study approach; the
participants are the Lumad farmers of Marilog, Davao City selected through a Critical sampling method and
aims to present the environmental violations experienced by the Lumad farmers in Davao City and how it
affected their families and sustenance further, their status in accessing justice is also explored. The study
concluded that the most common struggles the participant experience are Illegal logging and improper waste
disposal, which affect their farms, family, health, and income. Their preferred means to accessing justice is
through barangay settlement; the rigors of accessing courts, such as distance, expenses, fear of ruling, and the
hassle of being called to be present in court, are the most prevalent barriers that hinder the lead farmers from
accessing justice or seeking legal action. Nevertheless, the participants believed that the government would help
them in accessing justice.
KEYWORDS :access to justice, criminology,environmental justice, environmental struggles, lumadfarmers
CYBERBULLYING EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This paper explores the cyberbullying experiences among Criminology students at the
University of Mindanao. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the study's online
questionnaire to the respondents and to survey the target population. This study has four hundred (400)
respondents, and the respondents are Criminology students at the University of Mindanao. The findings of this
study revealed that the level of cyberbullying experiences is sometimes manifested. On the other hand, the
cyberbullying experiences of the students indicate a moderate level, which indicates that the cyberbullying
experiences of the respondents are sometimes manifested. Also, the computations showed that among the
indicators presented, the highest mean is obtained in the psychological effect, which implies that there is a
significant effect of cyberbullying experiences of the respondents in terms of the Gender level of the
respondents. Therefore, respondents with a low level of cyberbullying experiences tend to have a moderate level
of cyberbullying experience. However, there is no significant effect in terms of age and year level of the
respondents according to the results regarding the psychological, emotional, and physical impact of
cyberbullying.
KEYWORDS :cyberbullying, emotional, experiences, psychological,physical effect, and simple random
sampling method.
A philosophical ontogenetic standpoint on superego role in human mind formationAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: One of the most significant contributions of psychoanalysis to understand the human being is the
elaboration of a model about the mind from a topical and dynamic perspective. Freud explains the mind by the
constitution of the preconscious, conscious, and subconscious. Later, by three dynamic components: the id, the
ego and the superego. Such an organization of the psychic apparatus supposes not only individual elements, but
social influences along the process of hominization. In this paper, we recover the findings of the renowned
anthropologist Lewis Morgan, trying to link some of them to the psychoanalytic theory. Especially highlighting
the importance of superego in Haidt’s social intuitionism.
Keywords: evolutionism, intuitionism, psychoanalysis, Freud, Haidt, Morgan
Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of ForgivenessAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of Forgiveness.
The two variables are regarded to have influence on the decision one makes to forgive another. The study aimed
at examining the relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness, empathy and forgiveness
and to identify which one of the two,Psychological Empowerment or Empathy, is the more powerful predictor of
forgiveness. The study took a survey design with a sample of 350 drawn from a population of university students
using a self-administered questionnaire with four sections: Personal information, Psychological empowerment
scale, Toronto Empathy questionnaire, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Data analysis employed
Pearson’s product moment correlation and regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results show significant
relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness as well as empathy and forgiveness.
Empathy was found to be the more powerful predictor of forgiveness.
KEY WORDS: Psychological empowerment, empathy, forgiveness
Exploring The Dimensions and Dynamics of Felt Obligation: A Bibliometric Anal...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTARCT: This study presents, to our knowledge, the first bibliometric analysis focusing on the concept of
"felt obligation," examining 120 articles published between 1986 and 2024. The aim of the study is to deepen our
understanding of the existing knowledge in the field of "felt obligation" and to provide guidance for further
research. The analysis is centered around the authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of the articles. The
findings highlight prominent researchers in this field, leading universities, and influential journals. Particularly,
it is identified that China plays a leading role in "felt obligation" research. The analysis of keywords emphasizes
the thematic focuses of these studies and provides a roadmap for future research. Finally, various
recommendations are presented to deepen the knowledge in this area and promote applied research. This study
serves as a foundation to expand and advance the understanding of "felt obligation" in the field.
KEYWORDS: Felt Obligation, Bibliometric Analysis, Research Trends
Les autorités traditionnelles et l’administration coloniale au Tchad : 1900-1960AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : In Africa, traditionalauthorities are the guardians of tradition. Recently, however, they have
been caughtbetween tradition and modernity in the exercise of political power in Chad. However, we are
witnessing the revival of chieftaincy and the hybridization of the politicalpowersexercisedwithinit. In this
cohabitation of powers, traditionalauthorityisescapingitsrole as guardian of tradition.
Traditionalauthorityisthereforepresented in itscurrent state, as a proxy for the modern state in traditional
administrative districts. The aim of thisstudyis to analyze the mutations and adaptability of
traditionalauthorityfrom the pre-colonialperiodthrough the colonial period to the post-colonial period. This
workanalyzes the mutations of authorities. The data collected and processedrevealthattraditionalauthorities have
survivedalmosteverywhere, the former chiefdomsdissolvedduringcolonization have been restored by
republicanheads of state, while more and more frequently civil servants, businessmen, academics and
othermembers of the literateelite, whopreviouslyhad no attraction for the position of traditionalchief, are
beingenthroned.
Key words:Authorities, Administration, colonization, Chad, Kanem.
A Conceptual Analysis of Correlates of Domestic Violence and Adolescent Risky...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores domestic violence and how it influences adolescent risky behavior.
Domestic violence is a devastating social problem resulting in significant and enduring effects on children,
threatening both their health and emotional well-being. The study aimed at examining the relationships between
domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem, psychological
Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem and Selfregulation, Self-Regulation and Adolescent Risky Behavior and identify the stronger predictor of self-regulation
between psychological empowerment and Self-esteem. Adolescent respondents who experienced domestic
violence were purposely selected and guided by teachers and administrators who had provided support to these
children.The questionnaire had six sections namely; personal information, the Child Exposure to Domestic
Violence Scale, the Psychological empowerment scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory, and the Brief
Self-Control Scale. Data analysis employed Pearson's product-moment correlation (r) to test hypotheses 1,
2,3,4,5, and 6. Regression analysis was used for hypothesis 7.The results show a significant relationship
between domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem,
psychological Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem
and Self-regulation, Self-Regulation, and Adolescent Risky Behavior. The study documents that Psychological
empowerment is a stronger predictor of self-regulation than Self-esteem.
KEYWORDS:Domestic violence, psychological empowerment, self-regulation, and Adolescent risky behavior
Driving Sustainable Competitive Advantage Through an Innovative Aggregator Bu...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of the aggregation business model on
Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA). Through a survey of 216 MSMEs in the creative economy sector
selected randomly using an ex post facto causal research approach, an overview of the aggregator business
model and its impact on financial resources and SCA was obtained. The aggregator business model plays a role
in facilitating increased access to financial resources to meet both available and required working capital for
realizing SCA in Malang's Lokanima area. The strength of ABM lies in understanding the resources needed for
SCA and the effectiveness of mobilizing services while considering the most cost-effective options, including
providing various alternatives in their provision. Financial resources are an important factor supporting the
achievement of SCA. Access to financial resources is key to facilitating business growth and sustainability.
Theoretical implications: The concept of the aggregator business model emphasizes the efficient and effective
collection, aggregation, and distribution of resources in connecting service providers with consumers in an
economical and efficient manner. Practical implications: ABM can enhance the performance of financial
resource provision by optimizing relationships with MSMEs and financial institutions, leading to business
growth and sustainability for MSMEs.
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Advantage
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noted that accuracy may be affected in certain cases of extreme angles or complex questions. This analysis
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successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
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KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
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people. Based on a mixed-methodsapproach, several techniques, namelydocumentaryanalysis and semistructured interviews, wereused in thisresearch in order to obtain a range of data thatwasavailable, accessible
and relevant to the subjectunderstudy. This enabled us to arrive at the resultsaccording to which the
stakeholders' perceptions of theirhealth are based on the practice of physicalactivities and sport as a social
construct in a socio-cultural context. Older people see sport as a way of curingillnesses, but above all as a way
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Value of Education in Novel Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih by S.JAI
1. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2019
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 28
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)
e-ISSN : 2378-703X
Volume-3, Issue-7, pp-28-33
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access
Value of Education in Novel Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih by
S.JAI
Marlina Dwisiwi Widyorini1
, Herman J. Waluyo2
, Kundharu Saddhono3
1
( Student of Magister Program in Departement of Indonesian Language Education,
Sebelas Maret University, Central Java, Indonesia)
2,3
(Lecture of Sebelas Maret Universuty, Central Java, Indonesia)
Corresponding author: Marlina Dwisiwi Widyorini
ABSTRACT : Novel Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih is a novel by S.Jai that tells about the side of life of the
people of Kediri. Kediri is the hometown of S.Jai, so he raises stories about the people of Kediri. Kumara
Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel tells about the spirit of life of the personal figures of small communities in remote
villages in Java, precisely in the Kediri hamlet in the face of shifting, friction and changing times. Based on
feeling like asking questions or at least doubts about the ups and downs of abangan, santri and priyayi relations.
This study aims to describe the values of Education contained in the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel by
S.Jai. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with content analysis or content analysis. This method is
used to examine the contents of a document. The document in this study is the Kumara Hikayat Sang Lover
novel. The results showed that the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel, most of the people who developed in
Kediri was the life of a Santri, Priyayi and Abangan which were compiled as documentation of the mental
history of the community and the novel contained educational values, including social, moral, cultural, religious
education ,ekonommi and historically
KEYWORDS :Novels, content analysis, and educational values.
I. INTRODUCTION
Literary work is an imaginative work which is the result of the author's experience, thinking, reflection,
and culture that occurs in the author and in a community environment. Literary works can be regarded as a
protection of social life. A literary work reflects people's lives that occur in everyday life. Literary works as a
matter that has an important role because it is a reflection of the conditions of society that occur in the real world
that can inspire humans to think about the meaning and values of life.
Herman J. Waluyo argues that good literary works are increasingly being read increasingly able to
show new values that are quite rich because a literary work besides the results of deep thought from the author is
also a reflection of the times or the community that is lived by the author (Nurhuda, J. Waluyo, & Suyitno,
2018) .
According to Ian Watt, the novel is a process to move the picture of life that is done clearly into a form
that mimics reality (Watt, 1957: 32). Nevertheless, the depiction is no longer in complete reality, but has been
colored by the ideas of the author. Therefore, the process of understanding a novel is of course inseparable from
the socio-cultural framework of a society because the elements contained in the novel such as the social setting,
location, and system of society are related to existing social realities.
This study can be done with a variety of historical-sociological approaches, where each approach has
its own characteristics in accordance with their respective analysis models. In this study, the author tries to
examine literary works with a sociological approach. The types of literature that will be studied in this study are
novels. Many approaches can be used to research a literary work. In researching literary works, the most
appropriate approach is needed to appreciate and evaluate literature. The approach that can be used to identify
social in literature is the sociological approach of literature.
Endaswara states that literary sociology is a reflective branch of literary research (Waluyo, 2011: 77).
This approach is able to examine and evacuate literature based on social aspects. One form of literature is a
novel. The use of language in novels is relatively easy for readers to understand. Through stories in the novel
can provide a learning about education, culture, morals, and character formation.
2. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2019
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 29
S.Jai is an Indonesian writer who compiled a number of novels that raised social life in people's lives.
S.Jai was born in Kediri, who currently lives in Lamongan, has written a number of novels quite a lot.
Not only novels, S.Jai also composes plays, short stories, reading books (catalogs), and scientific works
that are often published in several newspapers. Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih Novel is one of the works of
S.Jai. Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasihnovelwon the East Java Arts Council novel contest in 2012 and was
published at the institute in December 2013. The novel tells about the spirit of life for the personal figures of
small communities in remote villages in Java, precisely in the hamlet of Kediri in the face of motion shifts,
friction and changing times. Based on feeling like asking questions or at least doubts about the ups and downs of
abangan, santri and priyayi relations.
In Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel contains many educational values in social life that have many
good messages, especially for school children who tend to be less able to appreciate education and developing
social life in the community, not only that the novel is able to give a moral message which is very beneficial for
the people in Indonesia, especially the people of Kediri. So far the S.Jai novel has never been researched or
studied. Social settings and social values that include the description of the state of society, social groups and
their attitudes, customs, ways of life, language and others contained in the novel also greatly help the reader to
follow the storyline of this novel and how S As a writer, successfully describing the life of the people of Kediri
quite clearly to support the conveying of the writer's mandates in the story of the novel to the reader, and the
historical reality and its relation to other realities must be able to be demonstrated by socialist realism literary
work.
II. THEORETICAL REVIEW
a. The nature of the novel
The novel comes from the Latin novelluslanguage which is then revealed to be a novies which
means new. Both of them contain the same meaning, which is a prose fictional work that is quite long, not
too long, but also not too short, because it only tells the purpose of the event that gave rise to a conflict that
resulted in a change in the fate of the perpetrator. The novel is a story prose framework that tells of an
extraordinary event from the lives of people. It can be said to be extraordinary because the events or events
in the novel result in a conflict, a dispute, until finally the story has a solution.
Conscious of the reason the word novel comes from the word novelluswhich means new (Waluyo,
2011: 6). It is said to be new because when compared to other types of literature such as poetry, drama and
so on, novels appear afterwards. According to Robert Lindell (in Waluyo, 2011: 6), a literary work in the
form of a novel was first born in England with the title Pamella which appeared in 1740. At first Pamella's
novel was a diary of a housemaid. Then it developed and became a form of fictional prose that we know
today.
Abrams explained that the novel is an essay that is applied to various types of writing in the form of
fiction prose (Abrams, 1971: 140).
This is in line with Stamm in the Journal of College & Character Volume X, No. 7, November
2009, namely the novel is able to provide enlightenment and efforts to make students aware that they can
live in a good society, recognize each other's differences and emphasize tolerance to the wider
community(Streit, Dalton, & Crosby, 2009).
Golman (in Faruk, 1999: 29) defines novels as stories about searches that are degraded by authentic
values by a problematic hero in a world that is also degraded.
Novels talk about art that looks to find ways to explore human nature that aim to entertain, to bring
readers interested, give them the opportunity to experience situations in novel characters, and make readers
learn about themselves and others (Smiley , 2006: 91).
Agreeing with Smiley, Gilman said that the novel is a work to enrich the readers offered in a text
and describes an imaginary experience in the writing and gives meaning through the author's writing into the
novel (Gilman, 1989: 21).
Meanwhile, according to Orr in the Journal of European Studies. Volume 9 No. 36, that the novel is
an original contribution to sociology is a novel, because with novels it is able to provide various events. For
example tragic, death, and always related to events that are around us.
Considering some of the opinions above, it can be concluded that the novel is a literary work that
can be said as a new literary work that is very related to the intrinsic work of fiction that has the ideas or
ideas and imagination of the author. But the novel is not just fiction, the novel also describes reflection
which is seen well.
b. The Nature of Educational Values
1. Definition of Educational Values
The values contained in literary works can be a guide for readers, especially children and adolescents.
Good literary work should be full of educational values. According to AndikaNugroho (2012) the value of
3. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2019
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education is everything that is good or bad that is useful for human life which is obtained through the process of
changing attitudes and behavior in an effort to mature oneself through teaching efforts.
Value is something that is valuable, quality, shows quality, and is useful for humans. Something that is
valuable means that something is valuable or useful for human life. Value as an independent quality will have a
provision that is unchanging that occurs in objects subject to value.
RieseriFrondizi (2007: 20) explains that values are objective and subjective, depending on the point of
view that gives the assessment. Values are objective if they are not dependent on the subject or the awareness
that values them. Values can also be subjective if their existence, meaning, and validity depend on the reaction
of the subject making the assessment.
According (Akbar & Winarni, 2013), the value of education is all useful things that are given by
someone consciously and responsibility in an effort to provide changes to better attitudes and behavior.
One of the written values of education is in literature. What is meant by the value of education, especially
relating to literature, is an activity that is consciously and intentionally inculcated in the values of life, both
religious values, social values, customs values, and moral values towards the reader through work literature in
order to achieve the desired maturity (Herlina, Herman J. Waluyo, NugraheniEko, 2013: 91).
Furthermore, the study of Carverand(Enfield & Nathaniel, 2013) in the Journal of education and culture,
Vol. 22, in his paper offers an introduction to the philosophy of education that education leaders (including
teachers) are prepared to develop educational success and build meaning in the world of education.
This is very basic because literature is also able to exist and can bridge life in a pluralistic and
milticultural Indonesia, as stated by Suminto A. Sayuti(Sari, Sayuti, & Pardjono, 2019) as follows: (a) Literature
is able to voice cultural differences to understand each other; (b) Literary works generally promote cultural
pluralism; (c) Literature has a high concern for those who are culturally different; and (d) Literature emphasizes
the importance of human relations that focuses on the emergence of positive attitudes, tolerance, the
development of self-concept, and accepting the presence of others.
Based on a comparative review of a survey of 26 European countries, (Taylor, 2004)concluded that the
scope of value education is often complex and includes a number of themes, many of which overlap, closely
related to the historical and ideological evolution of each country. . Examples of themes identified are moral,
religious, citizenship, demographic, national, pastoral, personal and social issues.
Their views on educational values and values reflect (Bernstein & Solomon, 1999) concept of regulative
discourse, which refers to discourses in schools that establish social order rules in schools. Bernstein claims that
this is a moral discourse because it creates criteria that give rise to character, behavior, manners, and the like.
2. Kinds of Educational Values
There are several educational values that can be obtained from a story (in this case the novel).
The value of education is among other things the value stated by Max Scheler. In the research of the
values taken to analyze the value of education is the value that is expressed by Max Scheler. So the
values in the novel can be expressed as follows:(Wand, Scheler, Heath, & Stark, 2006)
1) Social Value
Social value is the value adopted by the community, regarding what is considered good and
what is considered bad by the community. For example, people consider helping to have good
values, while stealing is bad. Social values include the value of vitality or social life.
The measure to determine something is said to be good or bad, appropriate or inappropriate
must go through a process of weighing. This is very much influenced by the culture adopted by the
community. Therefore, one community and the other community have different values. Examples
of people living in cities prefer competition because changes will emerge in competition. While in
traditional societies it is more likely to avoid competition because in competition it will disrupt
harmony and traditions that have been passed down through generations.
Kimbal Young argues that social values are abstract assumptions and often not realized about
what is considered important in society. A.W Green views social value as a relatively ongoing
awareness accompanied by emotions towards objects. According to Woods, social values are
general instructions that have been going on for a long time that direct behavior in everyday life,
(Widyanto et al., 2016)
(Nurgiyantoro, 1995) states that many literary works are fighting for the fate of small people
who suffer, the fate of small people who really need to be defended, small people who are like
being mocked by the hands of power, power which is now more in the form of economic power.
Fighting for the fate of the small people meant by Burhan Nurgiyantoro is the realization of moral
values in literary works.
2) Religious Value
Religion is a treatise that God sent to the prophet as a guide for humans in carrying out real
life procedures and regulating relationships and responsibilities to God, humans and society and the
natural environment.
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A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 31
Religion and the view of life of most people emphasize the mind, harmony and balance and
the attitude of accepting what happens. Such a view of life clearly pays attention to what is sought
is the happiness of the soul, because religion is the clothing of the heart, mind or soul.
MangunWijaya(Nurgiyantoro, 1998)) says that the presence of religious and religious
elements in literature is an existence of literature itself.
Religious values can be said to be basic human values related to divinity in general and
recognized by all religious followers. As for religious basic values, all religious believers recognize
it as: (1) helping, defending the weak; (2) recognizing human equality (human rights); (3) fight for
justice, truth, honesty, independence and peace; (4) opposing the oppression of fellow humans, and
so on.
3) Moral Value
Moral is the behavior of human actions seen from the values of good and bad, right and wrong
based on the customs and habits in which the individual is located. Moral values are divided into
two, namely the positive and negative aspects. These two things need to be conveyed, because we
can get useful examples. Positive aspects must be highlighted as being imitated and imitated. Thus
negative aspects need to be known and conveyed to the reader.
(Lickona, 2013)argues that respect and responsibility are two core components of morality
from which another principle originates. The term respect covers two aspects, namely respecting
oneself and respecting others (their beliefs, opinions and culture). Responsibility involves
acceptance of one's life and actions and commitment to the welfare of society in general through
active participation in socio-economic, political activities, and cultural societies.
Morality is seen as a system of rules that regulates social interactions and social relations of
individuals in society and is based on the concept of welfare (damage), trust, justice (treatment and
comparative distribution) and rights(Smetana, 1999).
According to (Frankena, 2007)and (Armon, 2003), moral values can be divided into five
categories, deontics, teleology, areta, intrinsic, and extrinsic. Deontic values are related to moral
rights - issues of justice, justice, rights and responsibilities.
(Kohlberg & Hersh, 1977)built Piaget's early work on the moral construction of children.
Using a method similar to the stage of child development, Kohlberg suggests a theory of moral
reasoning based on three levels and six stages, in which children progress through pre-conventional
(based on personal needs and other people's rules), conventional (based on others) consent, hope , or
values), and post conventional moral reasoning (based on social contracts and individual
principles).
(Armon, 2003)argues that social institutions that are embedded in many norms, customs and
logical ways of thinking are continuous activities with the world of education to implement Moral
and Value Education. Teaching is a moral activity in which teachers must consider the complexity
of teaching ethics and the moral impact they have on students (Car, 2011).
Based on some of the experts above, it can be concluded that moral value is the message the
author wants to convey to the reader, the message is the meaning contained in a work that is the
meaning expressed through the story
4) Cultural Value
Cultural values are values that are agreed upon and embedded in a society, the scope of the
organization, the community environment, which is rooted in a habit, belief, symbols, with certain
characteristics that can be distinguished and others as a reference for behavior and response to what
what will happen or is happening.
Kluckhon and Strodtbeck(Koentjaraningrat, 2013), state that the conception of the contents of
cultural values that are universally present in each culture involves at least five things, namely 1)
the problem of human nature, or the meaning of human life; 2) the problem of man nature, or the
meaning of human relations with the surrounding environment; 3) time problems, or human
perceptions of time; 4) activity problems, or about the meaning of work, works and human deeds,
and 5) relational problems, or human relations with fellow humans. The five problems are often
referred to as the orientation of values (value orientation).
Cultural values will appear in symbols, slogans, motto, vision, mission or something that
appears to be the main reference for the motto of an environment or organization. There are three
things related to cultural values, namely:
a. Symbols, slogans or anything else that looks invisible.
b. Attitudes, behavior, gestures arising from the slogan, the motto.
c. Belief systems that take root and become a frame of reference in acting and behaving (not
seen).
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Based on some of the opinions above, it can be concluded that the value of education is
everything that is good or bad that is useful for human life which is given consciously and
responsibility obtained through the process of changing attitudes and behavior in an effort to mature or
provide changes to attitudes and behavior. which is better and infuses various values of life.
III. METHODOLOGY
The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Qualitative research method is a
research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or oral words about the characteristics
of an individual, certain conditions or groups that can be observed (Lexy J. Moleong, 2019)The object of this
research is a novel by S.Jai, the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel, amounting to 419 pages. This study uses a
qualitative descriptive research method. The method is used by the author to provide an overview of the case
under study. Bogdan and Taylor (Lexy J. Moleong, 2019)) suggest that qualitative methods are as research
procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of deciduous words or writing from people and observable
behavior. This study uses two data sources, namely documents and interviews. Documents are written materials
or objects related to events or activities. The data collection technique in this research is adjusted to the
qualitative approach and data sources in the form of documents, so the technique used is content analysis
document. This technique is used to analyze various documents relating to research.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Educational Values in Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih Novel
a. Value of Social Education
The value of social education in the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel illustrates the social classes
that exist in the community, from the story delivered by MbahSinga Maya, a person who has a job as a
factory employee often seeks women to satisfy desires, besides a regent child who wants wooing a daughter
from ordinary people, but the woman did not want to be betel nut, because she was only made a concubine.
This shows that there is a social class within the Princess Kediri community. In addition, the people
described are still very fallen into social class and cause small communities or people who have little assets
to be excluded, while wealthy communities will feel powerful.
b. Value of Moral Education
Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel, the moral value shown is the old figure of Suratemi who was blind
and deaf but always tried to be able to support himself, even though he only felt that the world was dark. The
Suratemi figure who represents the novel by S.Jai has a moral message that not everyone can understand the
feelings of others even though it is our own parents, Suratemi who harbored her suffering as a woman who
felt that her life was dead even though her body was still alive. The attitude that does not want to give up
with the struggle of his life.
c. Value of Cultural Education
The cultural values shown in the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel are cultures that refer to the
problems learned by humans, not the things they do as well as objects that have been produced (Sutiyono,
2015). The value of cultural education, especially the Javanese culture which is represented in both by S.Jai
novels, is a culture that upholds togetherness in a society, upholds brotherhood and a culture of mutual
respect between social classes. For example, an official who respects his subordinates.
d. Value of Religious Education
The value of religious education or the value of religious education highlighted in the two novels by S.jai
is the value of Islamic religious education. The value of religious education in the Kumara Hikayat Sang
Kekasih novel, describes Suratemi which is very surrender and trusts Allah Almighty for all that befalls him,
and he does not try to oppose and oppose Allah's rules and regulations.
e. Value of Economic Education
The value of economic education raised in the two novels by S.Jai is in the field of trade. It can be said
that trade is the driving factor of the real sector, not only in the early Islamic era, but also in the present
(Jusmaliani, 2008). In the Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih novel, the novel is highlighted about the trade in
banana harvests conducted by Suratemi, to support her family since her husband died. He lived with his
daughter alone and was forced at an old age to still have to make a living, after his first son put anger on him
because he dropped out of school since junior high. The trade is carried out in a traditional market and
village market. Indeed the benefits are not too much, just enough to buy daily food.
6. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2019
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 33
V. CONCLUSION
The educational values found in the two novels by S.Jai are the value of social education, the value of
moral education, the value of cultural education, the value of religious or religious education and the value of
economic education. Each of the values contained in the novel illustrates that the story has educational values
that make the reader feel about the story. In addition, the values contained in Kumara Hikayat Sang Kekasih
novel are able to provide learning to the reader through their moral message.
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