The document discusses the concepts of value, form, medium, and exchange and how they are interrelated. It describes how value must take a form and exist within a medium in order to be exchanged. Value, form, and medium are in a triadic relationship, with each concept defining and depending on the others. The document also notes that for money to function optimally as a medium of exchange, it needs to be informed by how it is used in practice from the bottom up rather than being imposed from the top down, suggesting a decentralized approach to currency.

1. Value, Form, Medium, and Exchange
… [A]nd yet, the wonder of language is that we can speak of
the inexplicable, the unknown, the indefinite, the
undetermined: we can even speak of ‘nothing’ and give it a
form that would make it understandable in some sense within
a discourse, meaningful in context. What are indeed
languages if not living testimonies of the truth that all
possible things always come ‘with a text’ (cum textus)? That
is, in order to exist all things ought to be spoken in context
and joined together by meaningful relations articulating a
discourse, a logos. There lies rationality: neither in subjectivity
or agency, nor in objectivity or structure, but in contextual
relations and relations of relations.
[ Money: groundwork for a study of social relations, power
and institutional change, Stefano Sgambati ]

2. • “Data”, “informasi”, “knowledge” hanyalah raga
atau rupa atau muka, dari makna (meaning).
• Setiap pesan (“hal itu”) membawa pesan
tersembunyinya, yaitu perihal cara membaca
pesan tersebut.
• Informasi hanya wadah atau kendaraan dari
makna
• “Cara membaca” perlu di-nyata-kan (realized)
collectively, agar “hal itu” menampakkan dirinya
• *) "data" berasal dari bahasa Sanskrit, maknanya
"form giver".. sesuatu yang memberi wujud, atau
rupa, atau muka kepada makna (meaning)

3. Maka selalu ada tiga hal dalam
sebuah message
1) Pesan itu sendiri (substansi, makna).
2) Cara membacanya ... ada di dalam
“that message”
3) wadahnya, its form, bajunya, mukanya,
rupanya, raganya, bungkusannya

4. Kohn, Meir. 2004. “Value and Exchange.”
Cato Journal 24: 303-39
• The value paradigm characterizes economic
observations as equilibrium observations of
maximizing action.
• In contrast, the exchange paradigm
characterizes economic observations as
processes of development, wherein the world
we experience is generated through
interaction among those who participate in it.
• http://mason.gmu.edu/~rwagner/Value%20and%
20Exchange.pdf

5. The use of a concept
Dalam tradisi filosofi dan ilmu pengetahuan analitikal, positivis Anglo-
Saxon, yang dinamakan konsep adalah konstruksi-konstruksi sosial.
Bagi mazhab realistik, konsep-konsep (concepts) bisa ditumbuhkan to
reflect nature, dan dalam mazhab konvensionalis, konsep adalah
sekedar kesepakatan atau konvensi sosial.
Dalam tradisi dialektikal, bagaimanapun, concepts referring to
anthropological phenomena participate in their referents. Konsep
disini bukan hanya sekedar refleksi dari its designation; konsep juga
menyatu dengan objek sedemikian rupa sehingga perubahan-
perubahan in the former are mutually dependent on the changes in
the latter.
Ini artinya bahwa the use of a concept, alih-alih sekedar perihal
problem definisi, sebenarnya adalah suatu problem bagi upaya
memahami ('investigasi‘ atau ‘inquiry’) itu sendiri.

6. Contradictions are the core concept of Relational Dialectics. It is the dynamic interplay
between unified oppositions. A contradiction is formed "whenever two tendencies or forces
are interdependent (unity) yet mutually negate one another (negation)". For example, in a
relationship one can simultaneously desire intimacy and distance.
Totality suggests that contradictions in a relationship are part of a unified whole and cannot
be understood in isolation. In other words, the dialectics cannot be separated and are
intrinsically related to each other. For example, the tension between dependence and
interdependence cannot be separated from the tension between openness and privacy —
both work to condition and define the other.
Process Relational dialectics must be understood in terms of social processes. Movement,
activity, and change are functional properties (Rawlins,1989). For example, instances such as
an individual fluctuating between disclosure and secretiveness. In addition, the individual
may move between periods of honest and open communication (Miller, 2002, 2005).
Praxis is a philosophical term for the concept of 'practical behavior' or sometimes 'the
experience of practicing'. In praxis the dialectic tensions are created and re-created through
the active participation and interaction. In other words, the practical experience of having a
relationship exposes one to the imposition of the needs and value of another. As the
relationship endures ones own needs and values become apparent. Praxis focuses on the
practical choices individuals make in the midst of the opposing needs and values (dialectical
tensions). In turn, the choices and actions themselves create, re-create, and change the
nature of the relationship and hence the dialectical tensions themselves.
Relational dialectics : a communication theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_dialectics

7. Quadrants of discursive struggle
• Four different sites (‘quadrants’) of potential
discursive struggle are common:
– the distal already-spoken,
– the proximal already-spoken,
– the proximal not-yet-spoken, and
– the distal not-yet-spoken.
• These struggles are between systems of
meaning, not between persons.
• Thus, discursive struggle is not synonymous with
interpersonal conflict, which is a clash between
people.

8. Economic dialectical methods are exemplified and
informed by monetary representation and exchange
Beingness
Experience
Identity
Map
According to Plato and Hegel, dialectic comprises two related ways
of thinking, the division of a whole into parts and the generation of
a whole from partial hypotheses.
Real axis
Imaginary axis
contradiction
totality process
praxis
the distal already-spokenthe proximal already-spoken
the proximal not-yet-spoken the distal not-yet-spoken
struggle against
meanings from
culture
struggle against
meanings from
the past

9. Contradictions are the core concept of
Relational Dialectics. It is the dynamic
interplay between unified oppositions. A
contradiction is formed "whenever two
tendencies or forces are interdependent
(unity) yet mutually negate one another
(negation)". For example, in a relationship
one can simultaneously desire intimacy
and distance.
Totality suggests that contradictions in a
relationship are part of a unified whole and
cannot be understood in isolation. In other
words, the dialectics cannot be separated
and are intrinsically related to each other.
For example, the tension between
dependence and interdependence cannot
be separated from the tension between
openness and privacy — both work to
condition and define the other.
Process Relational dialectics must be
understood in terms of social processes.
Movement, activity, and change are
functional properties (Rawlins,1989). For
example, instances such as an individual
fluctuating between disclosure and
secretiveness. In addition, the individual may
move between periods of honest and open
communication (Miller, 2002, 2005).
Praxis is a philosophical term for the concept of
'practical behavior' or sometimes 'the experience
of practicing'. In praxis the dialectic tensions are
created and re-created through the active
participation and interaction. In other words, the
practical experience of having a relationship
exposes one to the imposition of the needs and
value of another. As the relationship endures ones
own needs and values become apparent. Praxis
focuses on the practical choices individuals make
in the midst of the opposing needs and values
(dialectical tensions). In turn, the choices and
actions themselves create, re-create, and change
the nature of the relationship and hence the
dialectical tensions themselves.

10. Beingness ≈
Contradiction ≈
Value ≈
Existence
Experience ≈
Totality ≈
Form of beingness ≈
Form of value ≈
Form of existence
Identity ≈
Praxis ≈
Exchange ≈
Meaning
Map ≈
Process ≈
Medium ≈
Model ≈
Artefact ≈
Representation ≈
Medium of exchange ≈
Vehicle of meaning
According to Charles S Peirce: in looking at a map,
• the map itself is the Vehicle of the meaning,
• the country represented is the (Natural) Object, and
• the idea excited in the mind is the Interpretant.

11. Beingness ≈
Contradiction ≈
Value ≈
Existence
Experience ≈
Totality ≈
Form of beingness ≈
Form of value ≈
Form of existence
Identity ≈
Praxis ≈
Exchange ≈
Meaning
Map ≈
Process ≈
Medium ≈
Model ≈
Artefact ≈
Representation ≈
Medium of exchange ≈
Vehicle of meaning
Find the Dance
The Dance

12. Beingness ≈
Contradiction ≈
Value ≈
Existence
Experience ≈
Totality ≈
Form of beingness ≈
Form of value ≈
Form of existence
Identity ≈
Praxis ≈
Exchange ≈
Meaning
Map ≈
Process ≈
Medium ≈
Model ≈
Artefact ≈
Representation ≈
Medium of exchange ≈
Vehicle of meaning
Enter the Dance
The DancingThe Dance

13. Beingness ≈
Contradiction ≈
Value ≈
Existence
Experience ≈
Totality ≈
Form of beingness ≈
Form of value ≈
Form of existence
Identity ≈
Praxis ≈
Exchange ≈
Meaning
Map ≈
Process ≈
Medium ≈
Model ≈
Artefact ≈
Representation ≈
Medium of exchange ≈
Vehicle of meaning
Dance the Dance
The DancingThe Dance
“The Dance”

14. Beingness ≈
Contradiction ≈
Value ≈
Existence
Experience ≈
Totality ≈
Form of beingness ≈
Form of value ≈
Form of existence
Identity ≈
Praxis ≈
Exchange ≈
Meaning
Map ≈
Process ≈
Medium ≈
Model ≈
Artefact ≈
Representation ≈
Medium of exchange ≈
Vehicle of meaning
Become the Dance
The Dancing
The DanceThe Dancers
“The Dance”

15. Dimulai pada exchange (pertukaran),
arahnya berlawanan putaran jarum jam
VALUE
FORM
of VALUE
MEDIUM
of EXCHANGE
EXCHANGE

16. Dimulai pada exchange (pertukaran),
arahnya berlawanan putaran jarum jam
USE-VALUE
PRICE as
FORM
of VALUE
CURRENCY as
MEDIUM
of EXCHANGE
EXCHANGE-VALUE

17. Always a triadic relationship: a relation of relations
USE-VALUE
PRICE as
FORM
of VALUE
CURRENCY as
MEDIUM
of EXCHANGE
EXCHANGE-VALUE

18. USE-VALUE
PRICE as
FORM
of VALUE
CURRENCY as
MEDIUM
of EXCHANGE
EXCHANGE-VALUE
In order to obtain the optimal performance from money,
the medium needs to be informed by the context of its use.

19. USE-VALUE
PRICE as
FORM
of VALUE
CURRENCY as
MEDIUM
of EXCHANGE
EXCHANGE-VALUE
Money is best informed from the bottom up, not the top down. This
would result in a decentralized monetary system in which authority
and responsibility is vested at the smallest appropriate level.

20. “informed from the bottom up”
• the heart of the information problem (F A Hayek 1945)
– Fundamentally, in a system in which the knowledge of
the relevant facts is dispersed among many people,
prices can act to coordinate the separate actions of
different people in the same way as subjective values
help the individual to coordinate the parts of his plan …
– Only to a mind to which all these facts were
simultaneously known would the answer necessarily
follow from the facts given to it.
– The practical problem, however, arises precisely because
these facts are never so given to a single mind, and
because, in consequence, it is necessary that in the
solution of the problem knowledge should be used that
is dispersed among many people.
[The Use of Knowledge in Society, Friedrich Hayek, 1945]