Metaphor Essay

What Are Metaphors?
Metaphor as a term as well as a phenomenon can be defined from many perspectives depending on
the context. At the very beginning let us focus on the definitions provided by dictionaries.
According to Harvey (1967): "Metaphor is the transfer of a name or descriptive term to an object
different form, but analogous to, that to which it is properly applicable". (p. 539). Generally,
metaphor is very often confused with other figures of speech especially with simile. The definition
from another academic source makes that difference clearer and easier to distinguish.
According to Ousby (1988) "Where simile asserts the likeness of one thing to another, metaphor
asserts their identity. Usually, though not always something relatively abstract is identified with
something relatively concrete, making it more vivid or accessible." (p. 658–659). The distinction of
metaphor from other figures of speech is a crucial factor in further process of scrutinizing them.
These definitions provided by two different dictionaries...show more content...
Even more precise close–up may not be successful in finding any concealed meaning of metaphors.
That way of understanding language in examples mentioned above is so schematic and common that
people automatically assume it's actuality. However, more specific examination paying special
attention to the main assumptions of conduit metaphors can prove that actually there are some
hidden aspects of communicative process. The approach from conduit metaphor point of view to
the theses stating that (THE LINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS ARE CONTAINERS and THE
MEANINGS ARE OBJECTS) mentioned before show their common value. Each phrase shows that
every single word as well as every sentence has its own meaning regardless of the context. However,
it has to be marked that not in all circumstances contrast of the context is unnecessary to convey the
meaning. (Lakoff & Johnson,
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Metaphors As A Metaphor
Morgan's metaphors personified: Auto bot a new way of understanding and theorizing about the
organizations Theories are built from abstractions known as concepts. Metaphors have long been in
use to describe organizations and development of organizational theory. In order to understand
abstract concepts, it is of fundamental importance to know how metaphor works. Different scholars
within the field of organizational research have acknowledged this (e.g. Morgan 1980; Weick 1989;
Cornelissen 2005; Putman & Boys 2006). Within the field of linguistics, probably no phenomenon
has been as well researched as metaphor (Steen 2007). Research shows that for language users, it is
inevitable to use metaphor when dealing with abstract concepts. Metaphors therefore play a key role
in the construction of reality (Lakoff & Johnson 1999). Use of metaphors always has limitations
which are mentioned by Gareth Morgan the Author of the famous classic book on organizational
theory, "images of organization". While introducing the famous eight metaphors used for developing
organizational theories he mentions that metaphors help explain, but they also distort. They have
...show more content...
Auto–bots are "Automatic Robots" which are 'living' to perform their specific tasks, they are made
by humans for particular purposes and have an artificial intelligence based brain to help make
decisions which are programmed trough the codes at the time of being developed. They are
designed based on man–made structures and engineered to keep the flexibility of the system so that
it can be transformed into required uses and respond to environmental changes. They can perform
tasks which are not possible for humans alone. They belong to a community, socialize there and
adapt to the cultural and ethical standards of the society

Metaphor In Talk Essay
When people talk to each other, they make widespread use of metaphor. In talk, metaphor is a
shifting, dynamic phenomenon that spreads, connects, and disconnects with other thoughts and
other speakers, starts and restarts, flows through talk developing, extending, and changing. Metaphor
in talk both shapes the ongoing talk and is shaped by it. The creativity of metaphor in talk appears
less in the novelty of connected domains and more in the use of metaphor to shape a discourse event
and the adaptation of metaphor in the flow of talk. People use metaphor to think with, to explain
themselves to others, to organize their talk, and their choice of metaphor often reveals– not only
their conceptualizations– but also, and perhaps...show more content...
Time is money, Time is A resource, and Time is A valuable commodity (Save time, spend time) are
grounded in our experience of a wage– based economy. Other primary metaphors based on culture–
specific experiences include gardening (spread like weeds,' plant the seeds of a new idea) or
mechanics ( ' social breakdown; the wheels are turning; repair the relationship). The internet has
yielded a raft of culturally based metaphors, although given the worldwide adoption of computer
technology these are likely to be quite widespread. (Cameron, 2003, p.78) (Maalej, 2004) provides
several examples from Tunisian Arabic to show that "embodiment" of conceptual metaphors is
itself often influenced by cultural beliefs and practices. He begins with the standard account that
ANGER is Heat originates with feeling physically hot as a result of blood rushing to the surface of
the skin (Lakoff and Kovecses, 1987, p.80). He then discusses several Tunisian Arabic expressions
for Anger that are based on culture–specific beliefs about physiology .These include" He caused my
brain to brain", my heart is sloshing with anger; He made my nerves swell, other metaphor that apply
culture–specific culinary practices (butchering and preparing meat) to anger. These include 'He
broke my bones into small bits and 'He caused my stomach to burst." As Maalaj notes it is important
to include cultural practices in any

Metaphors And Figurative Language
Literature Review
Nowadays, metaphor is considered as influential in our everyday life and its traces are not only
evident in the language but also in thought and action. The function of metaphor in language,
culture, and thought has been viewed by various disciplines (Tendahl and Gibbs, 2008). In the
discipline of linguistics, in particular, metaphor and figurative language have long been the subject
of studies from many different perspectives. From a cognitive linguistic perspective, metaphor is a
"mental mapping" (p. 1825) in the cognitive processes of thinking and reasoning of people in their
everyday life (Tendahl and Gibbs, 2008). As noted by Tendahl and Gibbs (2008), the last century
ended up with its revolutionary studies on metaphor, most significantly in the realm of cognitive
science. They discuss a...show more content...
We can find several theories in the discipline of Linguistics including relevance theory. Relevance
theory, originally proposed by Sperber and Wilson (1986–1987), is discussed in detail by Tendahl
and Gibbs (2008). According to Tendahl and Gibbs, relevance theory complements cognitive
linguistics in defining metaphor and its functioning. As they point out, in a cognitive linguistic
perspective, people use metaphors in their language because they think metaphorically and different
language configurations are viewed as conceptual "processing mechanisms" (p. 1825) where an
operation of mapping the concepts in the mind of speakers occurs (Tendahl and Gibbs, 2008). In
their view, relevance theory, both by its encoding and decoding pattern ofthought communication
and by its view at the intended meaning in a certain context of communication, also has a cognitive
look at language and mind, or more specifically at communication and thought. We can clearly see
such cognitive perspective in relevance theory as suggested by Sperber and Wilson

Life Metaphors And Similes Essay
Life Metaphors and Similes Life is like writing a story there are many rough drafts and mistakes
but with persistence you get a good story worth reading. Meaning: This simile means that life is
like writing a story, just like in life you have to have persistence and learn from your mistakes.
Mistakes and accidents will happen but if you keep trying and hoping you will see the good side of
life. The simile is showing how when we try and we believe we can make a good story it will all pau
off and or life will be a good story worth the hard times and mistakes. I chose this simile because it,
in my opinion shows how that with persistence and a positive attitude we will get a good story.
These things are important to me as I know if I do keep trying and learning from the rough drafts it
will all pay off in the end....show more content...
For this reason the width of the temple increased as it went up, and one went up from the lowest
story to the highest by the way of the middle story. This verse relates to my metaphor because it
shows how in the temple each story would build up the structure. As each story became
successful it was made a part of this temple and as each person grew, and persisted they became
part of this wonderful building. Life: Job 33:4 The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of
the Almighty gives me life. The breath of god has given him life. This relates to my metaphor as
it shows the important role god plays in our story making and how his spirit and our faith in him
shows us how great we can be. With gods spirit we can each build up on success and stories.
Persistence: Mark 12:27 He is not the God of the dead but of the living. You are badly mistaken!"
God is living for the dead, he shows the living and the hopeful how to live and helps them build their
persistence and

Metaphor Essay Metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to
which it is not literally applicable. Metaphors are one of the most common figures of speech found
in literature. Not to be confused with similes; metaphors differ by not using words such as "like" or
"as" in the comparing process. If you use them correctly, they can make visualizing and
understanding a cake–walk for readers. Metaphors aren't just used sentence by sentence. Sometimes
whole paragraphs, stanzas, and even entire works of literature are metaphors. These are called
"extended metaphors" Examples of extended metaphors can be found in "Romeo and Juliet"– where
Romeo creates a trend of comparing Juliet to the sun saying things such as "But soft! What light
through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! Arise, fair sun, and kill the
envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief."–, "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost is
just an elaborate metaphor about life and not following what everyone else does to create a more
authentic life for yourself, and in "mother to son" by Langston Hughes– which compares a rough
staircase to life and its challenges. Metaphors can be found everywhere using all different kinds of
forms and lengths. During the puritan era it was common for writers to use religious metaphors.
Whether the metaphor only lasted one line or engulfed the entire body of work, almost every story
or poem referenced Christianity. Some of

What Does Metaphor Mean
metaphor–"is a typical different method of expression that thinks about two things without utilizing
any looking at words, (for example, like or as)." (Kirzner & Mandell, p. 208). tone–is the state of
mind or approach that the author takes toward the work's focal point or subject. irony–"is a literary
technique when the author creates a difference between perceived and actual meaning" simile–"a
literary device that compares two items together, often using like or as, then or resembles." (Kirzner
& Mandell, p. 208). assonance–"is the duplication of a pattern of resembling sounds within a
sentence"

Example Of A Metaphor
I agree with your post! A counselor using theory needs preparation to understand the practice and
to be understood when practicing to provide service to their clients. Through, skills, educations,
and tool usage the counselor may observe theory a as a method to learn and gain knowledge for
proper guidance. Furthermore, it offers a pattern for good study habits and how to be effective in
order to master the profession to excel for the duration of their practice. I enjoyed reading, the
example, it offered a different insight from an educational point of view. The metaphor has logic,
which creates connection for your viewers to understand your thoughts. Nice

Metaphor In The Metaphor
This literature review will outline the range of previous research on the use of metaphor in
non–literary texts, specifically in political speeches. Commentary on the use of metaphor has a long
history dating back to Ancient Greece, with Aristotle in his work Poetics (350 BC). It is considered
the metaphor as indicative of genius and an instrument of charm and ornamentation. However, he
considered this instrument of ornamentation as being suitable for poetry and prose, but being too
obscure to be used for argumentation. (Poetics, 1954).
More recently, the volume of research into metaphor has been done considerably, with conferences
on this specific topic. Besides, such research also expands a wide range of disciplines beyond
Linguistics. Such...show more content...
They underlie our conceptual system and therefore have a great influence on thought. Since most
conceptual metaphors are unconsciously perceived, their power is all the more important. (Deignan
2005: 15). For example, one does not likely remark the metaphor in "I'm feeling down" because it is
so deep–seated in daily language. It is because of this entrenchment of the most actively used
expressions that their power to influence our minds is significant (Deignan 2005: 15). "In conceptual
metaphors the more abstract, cognitively unavailable target domain is explained by means of a
concrete and cognitively available one, via source domain via the process of mapping". (Lesz 2011:
13). Examples of conceptual metaphors are metaphors of construction, creation, destruction, etc. For
example, the conceptual metaphor of

Conceptual Metaphors Essay
This article discusses that culture is a key concept for the explanation of how conceptual metaphors
emerge from our knowledge structures, and to explore how the metaphorical process works, between
language, and between cultures in multiple facets. Metaphors realize an aesthetic transposition of the
world inherent to the human race but specific to each culture.

Experience With Metaphors
From writing this essay the value towards it is that there is no greater value than learning
something new every day since there is always something to improve in. As I writer I found the
metaphor part complicated since this is something that not at all ever asked from a writer often to
do, and on top of that I lack experience with metaphors and just reminds me of poems a topic in
which is not one of my strongest topics, but overall that was the part I found complicated due to its

Metaphors We Live By Essay examples
Metaphors We Live By
In Metaphors We Live By, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson give the following definition: "The
essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another" (5).
An obvious focal point of Metaphors We Live By, and the idea this essay will attempt to further
explicate, is the notion that the title implies: we live by certain dominant metaphors.
Some of the most universal concepts in our species, culture, and language are not only talked about,
but also thought about, in metaphorical terms.
The concept love, for example, is structured mostly in metaphorical terms: love is a journey, love is
a patient, love is a physical force, love is madness, love is war, etc. The concept of...show more
content...
First, experiences themselves are ways of understanding complex emotions, controversies, and other
innate human feelings. In an attempt to understand these experiences, we employ language. But
then, the chain repeats as we search for ways of understanding our language. The metaphor,
frequently used to render language more accessible, in fact, loops us back to the beginning of the
chain: we again use experience as a means of understanding. Essentially, this complex process of
understanding our most basic human feelings is circular–with metaphor providing the crucial link
that closes the circle.
Because these metaphors are central to the ways we understand our lives, the book gets its title.
Expressions like wasting time, attacking positions, going our separate ways, etc., are reflections of
systematic metaphorical concepts that structure our actions and thoughts. They are "alive" in the
most fundamental sense: they are metaphors we live by. The fact that they are conventionally fixed
within the lexicon of English makes them no less alive. (55)
As an integral part of our everyday language, used even when we do not even realize we are using
them, these metaphors structure our common, daily thought, speech, and action, further reinforcing
the idea that they create a circular process of understanding experience. The metaphors shape the
way we experience something, but the experience itself must, at some level, influence the metaphor
we use to comprehend

Summary Of Metaphors We Live By
The main focus of Metaphors We Live By, by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson is to show that
metaphors have a larger meaning than just being a poetic device. The authors state that a metaphor
is "a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language" (Lakoff and Johnson 3). Metaphors can
be used to enhance a person's use of language. Metaphors are described as governing our everyday
activities without the user even knowing. The authors compare the argument of war and how we
cannot just talk about arguments in terms of war. Lakoff and Johnson continue to describe how
arguments commonly follow a pattern, meaning there are certain things a person typically does and
does not do during an argument. Continuing with reading they introduce more metaphors such as,
time is money, time is a limited recourse and time is a valuable commodity. Lakoff and Johnson let
it be known, that as we highlight one aspect in our brains, we forget another aspect as it becomes
out of focus. "In allowing us to focus on one aspect of a concept, a metaphorical concept can keep us
from focusing on other aspects of the concept that are inconsistent with that metaphor" (10). The
authors conclude their writing by saying that metaphors and their structures can be extended in some
ways, but not others. Metaphors can extend beyond the range of ordinary literal ways of thinking
and talking and turned into a way of figurative language.
For myself reading has not always been my favorite thing to do. I can always read something if it is
required for school. I usually do not read unless it is academic. However, if I find myself very
interested in a specific book or type of reading, it is hard for me to put it down. I am usually
interested in the genre of mystery or crime, and it seems to be hard for me to find those types of
books. Time is also a factor that plays into my reading experience, sometimes it is hard for me to
find time to sit down, relax and enjoy a book on my own time. To describe my academic and
non–academic reading styles I created metaphors that I think represent the way I handle both of
those styles of reading. Non–academic reading is like baking a cake, and academic reading is like
working out and going to the gym.
I created a

Metaphors We Live By Summary
It is no exaggeration to claim that the prototypically–established theorizing on metaphor since the
days of Aristotle has really found its realization with the publication of Lakoff and Johnson's seminal
work Metaphors We Live By (2003 [1980]). Within it, Lakoff and Johnson refute the
long–entrenched view that metaphor is basically a matter of language, a mere rhetorical flourish
confined to literature. Rather, they strongly suggest that metaphor is ubiquitously widespread
through everyday language; it is so integral a part of the cognitive system we all have and
unconsciously use everyday to perceive the world. Revolutionary as it seems, this new approach to
metaphor opens the gate wide for a series of cognitive enterprise attempting to take

Life with Metaphors Essay
Title Life with metaphors Life has metaphors that can be found in our actions, thoughts, and
circumstances. Two metaphors that can be found in our lives when we experience situations can
be compared to "turning over a new leaf" that has positive effects, and "digging your heels in" that
has negative and positive effects from choices people make. Our beliefs help us live each day to
handle decisions, goals, and responsibilities during any period of our lifetime. Our purpose in life
is to use the "turning over a new leaf" and "digging our heels in" metaphors to be better people in
all circumstances. The phrase "turning a new leaf over" is about making a radical change for the
better in a person's life and is significant because each word...show more content...
A leaf being turned over in this position that the man has experienced is like starting fresh with a
brand new and unread chapter in a book. "Turning a new leaf over" does not resist change and
welcomes it to happen for a better circumstance. While the two phrases may sound the same, the
definition of "digging your heels in" is, in actuality different from "turning over a new leaf." This
phrase "digging your heels in" represents in a person who is resisting the persuasion of others and
standing by what he or she believes in based on their thoughts and emotions. Dig is defined as
someone who is stubborn in a situation, and cannot be moved unless he or she is willing to
release the control of his or her mindset and emotions. Heels are compared to the part of a person's
foot, which is strong against the force of someone trying to move the position of the person
digging his or her heels in. Heels can dig strongly in the ground, like a person's mindset and
emotions can dig strongly in the ground work of what the person believes in, want, and the
person's choices and opinions that refuse to be moved. A person who "digs one's heels in" can
produce a positive or a negative effect in his or her life. The negative side of "digging one's heels
in," is if a woman were to choose to stay in an abusive relationship,

Main Concepts Of Metaphors
The linguists have been trying to define metaphor and what it represents since the times of Aristotle.
He is considered to be the first to discuss and describe the metaphor in his "Poetics". Aristotle's work
made the foundation for the classical views of metaphor. However, it is obvious that, in spite of
different approaches, all the definitions are concerned with the key elements of comparison and
similarity. Firstly, it is important to discuss how different authors and dictionaries define the concept
of the metaphor. Also, it would be interesting to introduce a few definitions of the metaphor by
famous authors.
Metaphor is interesting not only for linguists, but also it receives a lot of attention from other various
science specialists. Usually...show more content...
A. Richards introduced his conception of metaphor. The scholar criticized the Greek philosopher's
"ornamental theory" and claimed that "metaphor relies on a complex interaction of thoughts, rather
than a process of linguistic substitutions". Max Black in his вЂћModels and Metaphors" examines
metaphor at the level of the statement as a whole in order to account for a change in meaning that
is centred in the word. For Black, a term functions as a metaphor only a statement because a
statement is the fundamental semantic unit. Also, Black suggests that every view which is based on
understanding that metaphor implies the demonstration of resemblance can be ascribed to the
comparison theory. He explains that this point of view treats metaphor as an elliptic or compressed
comparison. He also points out that according to the comparison theory the metaphoric utterance
can be replaced by an equivalent comparison. (Black ct. in Ortony, 1979). Metaphor was
considered a figure of style and rhetorical decoration for a long time, here metaphor does not
convey any information and appears merely as a stylistic ornament, but from the middle of the 20th
century metaphor was started to treat as the principle of thinking, knowledge of the world and the
way of perception (Gibbs, 2008,

Life goes on (Metaphor essay )
Life Goes On Life is like a flower, so beautiful and healthy when it's well taken care of, but even
then it dies and all that's ever left is ashes. A day like any other, May 25, 2011, I was at my
school, John C. Fremont High, in the cafeteria when I received the worst phone call ever. It was
the phone call that impacted and traumatized my life. My best friend's mom had called me and
simply said, "I need you to calm down, and I need you to take this calmly." As she started to cry,
she said, "Elias has stopped breathing." And that's how I knew I had lost my best friend. Leukemia,
a type of cancer of bone marrow that prevents normal manufactures of red and white blood cells and
platelets, resulting in anemia,...show more content...
There's nothing we can do about it once we've lost a loved one, but to deal with our problems in a
healthier and better way. I also learned that just because I lost someone important to me, it doesn't
mean to let it get to me and lose myself along with it. Overall of this, I learned the simplest phrase,
but yet nearly the most difficult thing to do in life and that is to let go because life goes

My Metaphor Essay
My Metaphor Essay
Metaphor is the language of poetry, emotion, and a part of everyday life. Without metaphor one
could not verbally express deep emotions. Therefore, it is one of our most important threads of
language. We could say that it is like the prime component of our DNA. I've onceheard someone say
that metaphor was the beautiful language of the gods and angels only to be expressed by poets and
musicians. I say it is a gift the gods have given to us so that we could express our everyday
emotional lives.
I believe that poetry is the language of our dreams. When we try to write a poem we are trying to
manifest or conjure up deep–seeded feelings like we do when we dream. Sigmund Freud theorized
that this is what dreaming...show more content...
It explains metaphor this way, "Metaphor is a vital principle of all language, but it is especially
important in poetry. If metaphors grow like weeds – in ordinary language – poets cultivate them,
extend them, and combine them to make new hybrids that ought never occur in nature but are
exotic and exciting in those formal gardens we call poems." It may sound too fancy for some
people but I can relate to it because I am a poet. I could picture myself as a gardener of words.
Metaphors would be as flowers that have come to be my happy children that I have raised and
gloated over. Presently, I can see that the paper I am writing is wrought with metaphor.
It is not that metaphor is so much a mystery, but rather it is a clue to the mystery being solved. In
the poem "Inscription Facing Western Sea" W.S. Merwin writes a poem expressing a war of the
sea on land. One would think that the fight is between the sun and perhaps the beach. Yet, that
does not fit either. What is ordinary and straightforward is usually the right interpretation of a
poem. One must not look at every word and call it a metaphor. Hence, words like "Lord",
"Campaign", and "Flag", should give the reader a clue that it is a war actually taking place.
However, Merwin leaves it up to the reader to figure out the clues and find their meanings hidden in
mystery. The function of a metaphorical line such as, "stars gather again to watch the war" are to
give you

How To Write A Metaphor
Metaphor
The metaphor "Everyone is a friend" is utilised by the Organisation in identification of each other.
Friendship permits free and open correspondence between people in the Organisation. The leader
corresponds with all employees, parents and children fostering the organisations environment.
Volunteers, parents, children and employees are provided with an environment to freely address
concerns that are manageable by the Organisation. Volunteers and families come to the Organisation
because of the flexible setting. Volunteers are provided with statements on the use of funds.
Employees indicate this as a central factor in retaining some of the Volunteers. Employees know how
support is utilised and relate to the leadership of their director...show more content...
Andy is the director of the Organisation. As the director, he is in charge for arranging, facilitating
and planning activities to ensure objectives are accomplished on a timely basis. This position
requires that he is detail–oriented. He offers tasks to be done and administers the on goings of the
process. He is responsible for the performance of the Organisation. He guarantees the information is
gathered and distributed within the Organisation. He too is in charge of managers and departments.
He also provides support when required, some of his different parts are the management of expenses
and quality control. He provides development and training to employees. He is responsible for
ensuring the material and Human Resources are utilised in the correct manner (Culkin, M, Sharon
L. Kagan & Barbara T. Bowman, 1997,

Metaphor: A Short Story
A battered boxer knowing the inevitable defeat couldn't compare to the shame that this man
walked. With triumphant gusto Reginald welcomes Dough with false arms and with a pseudo
announcement as he approaches him, '' LOOK OUT PEOPLE A WALKING LEGEND.'' And
humourlessly just to Dough, "or shall I say a fucking legend." ''You schmuck!" Dough replies.
Reginald guides Dough further aside to whisper an ophiomormous ploy into his naked ear. "Is it
the blonde I could easily replace her? I can, with the flick of my finger." "I'm leaving." Reginald
leans deeper into Dough's ear with the paradoxical motion of a serpentine's hunger and rodential
survival, with a subconscious wish of wanting to metamorphosize is tongue punch to a hybrid of rat's
tail and...show more content...
This," holy matrimony ", baloney" "Good, good. Remember Dough at the end of the day we are
both in the same boat." "And yet we still sail on different oceans." Reginald left the bathroom
before he could hear the last bit of Dough's sentience. Staring at his reflection he thought why it
took him so long to realize that this was not a normal way to earn a living. Where did it start
from? He remembered the parental wisdom that was bestowed on him at a tender age. It was,
"Never settle down son, romance weighs on loves endurance and screwing a screw can only last
so long until its fixed in its place. It's better to hammer nails quick and hard. Then hustle the hell
out of dodge before the rust starts showing." Sadly that happened to be his mother's advice. For a
man in five years time will become a sexagenarian was lucky enough to become distinguish in his
looks. The rhytides formed a physiognomy that

Metaphor Essay

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