Crop identification using geo spatial technologiesGodiSaiKiran
The ability to identify crop type makes it possible to estimate the area allocated to each crop type and thus compute relevant statistics providing essential information for crop control of area-based subsidies .Accurate and faster estimation of crop area is very essential for projecting yearly agriculture and deciding agriculture policies.
. Government agencies and agricultural managers require information on the spatial distribution and area of cultivated crops for planning purposes. Agencies can more adequately plan the import and export of food products based on such information. Although some ministries of agriculture and food security annually commission their staff to map different crop types, these ground surveys are expensive and yet cover only a sample of farms. Remote sensing data, together with ancillary lo information, enable the determination of the spatial distribution of crops at varying spatial scales with relatively little financial resources.
Space Situational Awareness Forum
Following another very successful conference in London in November 2014, Space Situational Awareness 2015 took place in Hyattsville, Maryland in May 2015, with over 60 SSA experts from all over the globe coming together to discuss the most pressing SSA challenges.
With increasing dependence on space-based services, the ability to protect space infrastructure has become essential to our society. Any shutdown of even a part of space infrastructures could have significant consequences for the well-functioning of economic activities and our citizens’ safety, and would impair the provision of emergency services.
However, space infrastructures are increasingly threatened by the risk of collision between spacecraft and more importantly, between spacecraft and space debris. As a matter of fact, space debris has become the most serious threat to the sustainability of certain space activities.
In order to mitigate the risk of collision it is necessary to identify and monitor satellites and space debris, catalogue their positions, and track their movements (trajectory) when a potential risk of collision has been identified, so that satellite operators can be alerted to move their satellites. This activity is known as space surveillance and tracking (SST), and is today mostly based on ground-based sensors such as telescopes and radars.
With a focus on solving the political issues but not ignoring the technical, Space Situational Awareness 2015 the leading gathering of dedicated SSA experts from the USA, Europe and beyond, to discuss and debate the business, political and technical challenges that lie ahead.
Take a look at our previous Space Situation Awareness event…
Who should attend Space Situational Awareness?
Space Situational Awareness 2015 is a community of experts from Government, Space Agencies, Satellite/Spacecraft Operators, Space Lawyers, Space Insurance providers and Defense who are looking to understand and predict the physical location of natural and manmade objects in orbit around the Earth, with the objective of avoiding collisions.
How can you get involved in Space Situational Awareness?
If you feel that you could add to the debate and discussion at Space Situational Awareness, we’d be delighted to hear from you. Please drop us a line on +44(0)7769157787 or email me at adam.plom@coriniumintelligence.com.
IRENA Global Atlas Suitability Analysis for solar and wind energy in West AfricaIRENA Global Atlas
Suitability Analysis for solar and wind energy in West Africa presentation (powered by the Global Atlas) at the World Future Energy Summit 2017 in Abu Dhabi at the Renewable Energy Entrepreneurship side event.
Crop identification using geo spatial technologiesGodiSaiKiran
The ability to identify crop type makes it possible to estimate the area allocated to each crop type and thus compute relevant statistics providing essential information for crop control of area-based subsidies .Accurate and faster estimation of crop area is very essential for projecting yearly agriculture and deciding agriculture policies.
. Government agencies and agricultural managers require information on the spatial distribution and area of cultivated crops for planning purposes. Agencies can more adequately plan the import and export of food products based on such information. Although some ministries of agriculture and food security annually commission their staff to map different crop types, these ground surveys are expensive and yet cover only a sample of farms. Remote sensing data, together with ancillary lo information, enable the determination of the spatial distribution of crops at varying spatial scales with relatively little financial resources.
Space Situational Awareness Forum
Following another very successful conference in London in November 2014, Space Situational Awareness 2015 took place in Hyattsville, Maryland in May 2015, with over 60 SSA experts from all over the globe coming together to discuss the most pressing SSA challenges.
With increasing dependence on space-based services, the ability to protect space infrastructure has become essential to our society. Any shutdown of even a part of space infrastructures could have significant consequences for the well-functioning of economic activities and our citizens’ safety, and would impair the provision of emergency services.
However, space infrastructures are increasingly threatened by the risk of collision between spacecraft and more importantly, between spacecraft and space debris. As a matter of fact, space debris has become the most serious threat to the sustainability of certain space activities.
In order to mitigate the risk of collision it is necessary to identify and monitor satellites and space debris, catalogue their positions, and track their movements (trajectory) when a potential risk of collision has been identified, so that satellite operators can be alerted to move their satellites. This activity is known as space surveillance and tracking (SST), and is today mostly based on ground-based sensors such as telescopes and radars.
With a focus on solving the political issues but not ignoring the technical, Space Situational Awareness 2015 the leading gathering of dedicated SSA experts from the USA, Europe and beyond, to discuss and debate the business, political and technical challenges that lie ahead.
Take a look at our previous Space Situation Awareness event…
Who should attend Space Situational Awareness?
Space Situational Awareness 2015 is a community of experts from Government, Space Agencies, Satellite/Spacecraft Operators, Space Lawyers, Space Insurance providers and Defense who are looking to understand and predict the physical location of natural and manmade objects in orbit around the Earth, with the objective of avoiding collisions.
How can you get involved in Space Situational Awareness?
If you feel that you could add to the debate and discussion at Space Situational Awareness, we’d be delighted to hear from you. Please drop us a line on +44(0)7769157787 or email me at adam.plom@coriniumintelligence.com.
IRENA Global Atlas Suitability Analysis for solar and wind energy in West AfricaIRENA Global Atlas
Suitability Analysis for solar and wind energy in West Africa presentation (powered by the Global Atlas) at the World Future Energy Summit 2017 in Abu Dhabi at the Renewable Energy Entrepreneurship side event.
Current & Future Services - EUMETCast User Forum 2014EUMETSAT
Sally Wannop, User Relations Manager, describes the current and future data services at EUMETSAT. The main focus us on those which will be available via EUMETCast. These include Meteosat Third Generation, EPS-SG, Jason and Sentinel.
Quantifying trends of rainfall and temperature extremes over Central Tanzania...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Francis Muthoni, Exavery Kigosi and Shitindi Mawazo for the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 11-12 September 2019.
Hv uav multispectral compared to hyperspectral finalTerraLab srl
Assessing the robustness of Vegetation Indices (VIs) to estimate Durum Wheat grown (precision agriculture).
Comparing satellite remote sensing (multispectral reflectance) and hyperspectral measurements (first year)
Comparing UAV multispectral vs field hyperspectral data collection (second year)
Working in progress for environmental applications
International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector P.837-6 and P...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work evaluated the performance of International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) P.837-6 and P.837-7 models (Annex 1) to estimate one-minute rainfall rates in Indonesia. In addition to the default ITU-R P.837-6, the input of ITU-R P.837-6 is also modified using data which has better spatial resolution, i.e. a combination of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3A25 and 3B43 (ITU-R+3A25+3B43), 3B42 and 3B43 (ITU-R+3B42+3B43), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (ITU-R+GSMaP), and Global Precipitation Measurement (ITU-R+GPM). Among the five test sites, the default ITU-R P.837-6 and ITU-R+3A25+3B43 could predict one-minute rainfall rates at two locations accurately. The ITU-R P.837-7 exhibited a marginally better performance for sites that had a high percentage of very heavy rain, particularly at large (1%) and small (0.001%) percentages of time exceeded. The spatial distribution of rainfall rate produced by ITU-R P.837-7 and ITU-R+3A25+3B43 was closer to the pattern demonstrated by recent satellite precipitation measurements.
Estimation of TRMM rainfall for landslide occurrences based on rainfall thres...IJECEIAES
Landslide can be triggered by intense or prolonged rainfall. Precipitation data obtained from ground-based observation is very accurate and commonly used to do analysis and landslide prediction. However, this approach is costly with its own limitation due to lack of density of ground station, especially in mountain area. As an alternative, satellite derived rainfall techniques have become more favorable to overcome these limitations. Moreover, the satellite derived rainfall estimation needs to be validated on its accuracy and its capability to predict landslide which presumably triggered by rainfall. This paper presents the investigation of using the TRMM-3B42V7 data in comparison to the available rain-gauge data in Ulu Kelang, Selangor. The monthly average rainfall, cumulative rainfall and rainfall threshold analysis from 1998 to 2011 is compared using quantitative statistical criteria (Pearson correlation, bias, root mean square error, mean different and mean). The results from analysis showed that there is a significant and strong positive correlation between the TRMM 3B42V7 and rain gauge data. The threshold derivative from the satellite products is lower than the rain gauge measurement. The findings indicated that the proposed method can be applied using TRMM satellite estimates products to derive rainfall threshold for the possible landslide occurrence.
The purpose of this AECOM report is to describe co-location of solar and wind generation infrastructure. It is an investigation report providing a deeper appreciation of the business case considerations and co-location potential in Australia and to provide useful information to developers who are considering co-location developments.
The opportunity to retrofit existing wind farms with solar farms has significant potential not only in Australia but globally. With over 370 GW of large scale wind farms globally and 4 GW installed in Australia there are numerous locations where the two renewable resources are highly complementary.
As the renewable industry matures, becoming less dependent on subsidies and cost reductions plateau, the industry must contemplate innovative ways of improving its competitiveness.
This study highlights that co-location of wind and solar can:
Deliver major savings in Capex and Opex
The best locations for brownfield (retrofit) and greenfield co-location
Importance of network access to future co-location opportunties
GMES - current status and potential link to agricultureCAPIGI
Presentation by Mariusz Legowski of JRC-IES on the status and application potential of the Global Monitoring of the Environment and Security system of the EU.
Development of a Java-based application for environmental remote sensing data...IJECEIAES
Air pollution is one of the most serious problems the world faces today. It is highly necessary to monitor pollutants in real-time to anticipate and reduce damages caused in several fields of activities. Likewise, it is necessary to provide decision makers with useful and updated environmental data. As a solution to a part of the above-mentioned necessities, we developed a Java-based application software to collect, process and visualize several environmental and pollution data, acquired from the Mediterranean Dialog earth Observatory (MDEO) platform [1]. This application will amass data of Morocco area from EUMETSAT satellites, and will decompress, filter and classify the received datasets. Then we will use the processed data to build an interactive environmental real-time map of Morocco. This should help finding out potential correlations between pollutants and emitting sources.
Current & Future Services - EUMETCast User Forum 2014EUMETSAT
Sally Wannop, User Relations Manager, describes the current and future data services at EUMETSAT. The main focus us on those which will be available via EUMETCast. These include Meteosat Third Generation, EPS-SG, Jason and Sentinel.
Quantifying trends of rainfall and temperature extremes over Central Tanzania...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Francis Muthoni, Exavery Kigosi and Shitindi Mawazo for the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 11-12 September 2019.
Hv uav multispectral compared to hyperspectral finalTerraLab srl
Assessing the robustness of Vegetation Indices (VIs) to estimate Durum Wheat grown (precision agriculture).
Comparing satellite remote sensing (multispectral reflectance) and hyperspectral measurements (first year)
Comparing UAV multispectral vs field hyperspectral data collection (second year)
Working in progress for environmental applications
International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector P.837-6 and P...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work evaluated the performance of International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) P.837-6 and P.837-7 models (Annex 1) to estimate one-minute rainfall rates in Indonesia. In addition to the default ITU-R P.837-6, the input of ITU-R P.837-6 is also modified using data which has better spatial resolution, i.e. a combination of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3A25 and 3B43 (ITU-R+3A25+3B43), 3B42 and 3B43 (ITU-R+3B42+3B43), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (ITU-R+GSMaP), and Global Precipitation Measurement (ITU-R+GPM). Among the five test sites, the default ITU-R P.837-6 and ITU-R+3A25+3B43 could predict one-minute rainfall rates at two locations accurately. The ITU-R P.837-7 exhibited a marginally better performance for sites that had a high percentage of very heavy rain, particularly at large (1%) and small (0.001%) percentages of time exceeded. The spatial distribution of rainfall rate produced by ITU-R P.837-7 and ITU-R+3A25+3B43 was closer to the pattern demonstrated by recent satellite precipitation measurements.
Estimation of TRMM rainfall for landslide occurrences based on rainfall thres...IJECEIAES
Landslide can be triggered by intense or prolonged rainfall. Precipitation data obtained from ground-based observation is very accurate and commonly used to do analysis and landslide prediction. However, this approach is costly with its own limitation due to lack of density of ground station, especially in mountain area. As an alternative, satellite derived rainfall techniques have become more favorable to overcome these limitations. Moreover, the satellite derived rainfall estimation needs to be validated on its accuracy and its capability to predict landslide which presumably triggered by rainfall. This paper presents the investigation of using the TRMM-3B42V7 data in comparison to the available rain-gauge data in Ulu Kelang, Selangor. The monthly average rainfall, cumulative rainfall and rainfall threshold analysis from 1998 to 2011 is compared using quantitative statistical criteria (Pearson correlation, bias, root mean square error, mean different and mean). The results from analysis showed that there is a significant and strong positive correlation between the TRMM 3B42V7 and rain gauge data. The threshold derivative from the satellite products is lower than the rain gauge measurement. The findings indicated that the proposed method can be applied using TRMM satellite estimates products to derive rainfall threshold for the possible landslide occurrence.
The purpose of this AECOM report is to describe co-location of solar and wind generation infrastructure. It is an investigation report providing a deeper appreciation of the business case considerations and co-location potential in Australia and to provide useful information to developers who are considering co-location developments.
The opportunity to retrofit existing wind farms with solar farms has significant potential not only in Australia but globally. With over 370 GW of large scale wind farms globally and 4 GW installed in Australia there are numerous locations where the two renewable resources are highly complementary.
As the renewable industry matures, becoming less dependent on subsidies and cost reductions plateau, the industry must contemplate innovative ways of improving its competitiveness.
This study highlights that co-location of wind and solar can:
Deliver major savings in Capex and Opex
The best locations for brownfield (retrofit) and greenfield co-location
Importance of network access to future co-location opportunties
GMES - current status and potential link to agricultureCAPIGI
Presentation by Mariusz Legowski of JRC-IES on the status and application potential of the Global Monitoring of the Environment and Security system of the EU.
Development of a Java-based application for environmental remote sensing data...IJECEIAES
Air pollution is one of the most serious problems the world faces today. It is highly necessary to monitor pollutants in real-time to anticipate and reduce damages caused in several fields of activities. Likewise, it is necessary to provide decision makers with useful and updated environmental data. As a solution to a part of the above-mentioned necessities, we developed a Java-based application software to collect, process and visualize several environmental and pollution data, acquired from the Mediterranean Dialog earth Observatory (MDEO) platform [1]. This application will amass data of Morocco area from EUMETSAT satellites, and will decompress, filter and classify the received datasets. Then we will use the processed data to build an interactive environmental real-time map of Morocco. This should help finding out potential correlations between pollutants and emitting sources.
Evaluation de modèle climatique REMO pour la simulation des paramètres agroclimatiques à l'echelle station: cas des stations de cotonou, parakou, kandi et natitinigou
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
Validation of cmsaf_lsasaf_data
1. Introduction Validation of CMSAF’s sunshine duration over Benin Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
VALIDATION OF CMSAF/LSASAF DATA AND
AGROMETEOROGICAL APPLICATION
Training Course on: The Use of Gridded Satellite Data for Climate Services in
Africa
Mandela HOUNGNIBO
1METEO BENIN
Pretoria, le August 27, 2018
Mandela HOUNGNIBO METEO BENIN Pretoria, le August 27, 2018 1 / 6
2. Introduction Validation of CMSAF’s sunshine duration over Benin Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
Introduction
Figure: Sunshine Duration (Observations at left and Satel-
lite at right) 28/03/2017
availability of In-situ data throughout
rural area is a real problem;
Available weather stations are mainly
located along main roads in cities and
towns;
Weather station data also suffer from
gaps in the time series;
This imposes severe limitations to the
availability of climate information and
services for the rural community where,
arguably, these services are needed
most;
Satellite proxies offers advantages
because of their availability even over
remote parts of the world;
but before use it, we have to validate
with stations data even if....
Mandela HOUNGNIBO METEO BENIN Pretoria, le August 27, 2018 2 / 6
3. Introduction Validation of CMSAF’s sunshine duration over Benin Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
Validation of satelitte sunshine duration over Benin
Figure: Natitingou Taylor Diagram for daily sunshine
series (2006-2015)
Figure: Save Taylor Diagram for daily sunshine series
(2006-2015)
Figure: Cotonou Taylor Diagram for daily sunshine se-
ries (2006-2015)
Figure: Parakou Taylor Diagram for daily sunshine se-
ries (2006-2015)
Mandela HOUNGNIBO METEO BENIN Pretoria, le August 27, 2018 3 / 6
4. Introduction Validation of CMSAF’s sunshine duration over Benin Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
Validation of satelitte sunshine duration over Benin
Figure: Monthly correlation between Satellite and In-Situ Sunshine Duration
Mandela HOUNGNIBO METEO BENIN Pretoria, le August 27, 2018 4 / 6
5. Introduction Validation of CMSAF’s sunshine duration over Benin Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
Figure: Actual evapotranspiration (DMET)
for 05/04/2017
Figure: Reference evapotranspiration (ME-
TREF)for 05/04/2017
Figure: Drought (DMET/METREF) for
05/04/2017
Mandela HOUNGNIBO METEO BENIN Pretoria, le August 27, 2018 5 / 6
6. Introduction Validation of CMSAF’s sunshine duration over Benin Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
Agrometeorological products with LSASAF DATA
Figure: Fraction of vegetation cover (MTFVC) for 10days (11-20/08/2017)
Mandela HOUNGNIBO METEO BENIN Pretoria, le August 27, 2018 6 / 6