The document provides information on several COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, Covaxin, Covishield, Sputnik V, and vaccines from China. It describes the manufacturers, countries of origin, vaccine types, dosing schedules, effectiveness and clinical trial demographics for each vaccine. Overall, the vaccines were shown to effectively prevent COVID-19 illness and reduce severe outcomes, with effectiveness rates ranging from 66.3% to 97% depending on the specific vaccine.

1. COVID19 VACCINE

2. “
”
Yes to vaccine, Yes to caution (Dawai
Bhi, Kadai Bhi)
NARENDRA MODI
PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

3. CONCEPT
About Coronavirus
Variant of COVID19
Vaccine

4. CORONAVIRUS

5. CORONAVIRUS
 Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases
in mammals and birds.
 In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections that can
range from mild to lethal.
 Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold
(which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses),
while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
 In cows and pigs they cause diarrhea, while in mice they cause
hepatitis and encephalomyelitis.
 The name “coronavirus” is derived from Latin corona, meaning
“crown” or “wreath”

6.  The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first
observed and studied human coronaviruses.
 Bats and birds, as warm-blooded flying vertebrates, are an ideal
natural reservoir for the coronavirus gene pool (with bats the
reservoir for alphacoronaviruses and betacoronavirus – and birds the
reservoir for gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses).
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19):
 In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan,
China.
 On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of
coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the
World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
 As of 9 April 2021, there have been at least 2,904,554 confirmed
deaths and more than 134,038,180 confirmed cases in the COVID-19
pandemic.

7. VARIANTS OF COVID19
 B.1.1.7: This variant was first identified in the US in December 2020.
It was initially detected in the UK.
 B.1.351: This variant was first identified in the US at the end of
January 2021. It was initially detected in South Africa in December
2020.
 P.1: This variant was first detected in the US in January 2021. P.1 was
initially identified in travelers from Brazil, who were tested during
routine screening at an airport in Japan, in early January.
 B.1.427 and B.1.429: These two variants were first identified in
California in February 2021 and were classified as VOCs in March
2021.

8. COVID19
VACCINE

9. PFIZER - BIOnTECH

10. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT PFIZER
VACCINE
 Name: BNT162b2
 Manufacturer: Pfizer Inc and BioNTech
 Manufacturer country: United States of America (USA)
 Type of Vaccine: mRNA
 Number of shots: 2shots, 21 days apart
 How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm
 Based on evidence from clinical trials, Pfizer vaccine was 97%
effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in
people without evidence of previous infection.

11. Possible Side
Effects
 In arm where you got the shots
1. Pain
2. Redness
3. Swelling
 Rest of the body
1. Tiredness
2. Headache
3. Muscle pain
4. Chill
5. Fever
6. Nausae
 Who Should Get Vaccinated
 The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is
recommended for people aged 16
years and older.
 Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated
 If you have had a severe allergic
reaction (anaphylaxis) or an
immediate allergic reaction.
 Storage and Handling Overview
 Store vaccine in an ultra-cold
freezer, freezer, thermal shipping
container, or refrigerator.

12. CLINICAL TRIAL DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
 Clinical trials for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine included people from
the following racial and ethnic, age, and sex categories:
1. 81.9% White
2. 9.8% African American
3. 4.4% Asian
4. <3% other races/ethnicities
5. <1% Native Hawaiian or Other PacificIslander
6. <1% American Indian or Alaska Native
 Ethnicity
1. 2% Not Hispanic or Latino
2. 2% Hispanic of Latino
3. <1% Not Reported

13.  Age and sex breakdown:
1. 50.6% male
2. 49.4% female
3. 21.4% 65 years and older
 Age
1. 9% 16 to 55 years
2. 8% 55 years and older
3. 4% 65 years and older
4. 3% 75 years and older
 The most frequent underlying medical conditions were obesity
(35.1%), diabetes (8.4%), and pulmonary disease (7.8%).

14. MODERNA

15. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT
MODERNA VACCINE
 Name: mRNA – 1273
 Manufacturer: ModernaTX Inc
 Manufacturer country: United States of America (USA)
 Type of Vaccine: mRNA
 Number of shots: 2shots, 28 days apart
 How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm
 Based on evidence from clinical trials, Moderna vaccine was 94.1%
effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in
people without evidence of previous infection.

16. Possible Side Effects
 In arm where you got the shots
1. Pain
2. Redness
3. Swelling
 Rest of the body
1. Tiredness
2. Headache
3. Muscle pain
4. Chill
5. Fever
6. Nausae
 Who Should Get Vaccinated
 The Moderna vaccine is
recommended for people aged 18
years and older.
 Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated
 If you have had a severe allergic
reaction (anaphylaxis) or an
immediate allergic reaction
 Storage and Handling Overview
 Store vaccine in a freezer or
refrigerator.

17. CLINICAL TRIAL DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
 Clinical trials for the Moderna vaccine included people from the
following racial and ethnic, age, and sex categories:
1. 79.4% White
2. 9.7% African American
3. 4.7% Asian
4. <3% other races/ethnicities
5. <1% American Indian or Alaska Native
6. <1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
 Ethnicity:
1. 79.1% Not Hispanic or Latino
2. 20.0% Hispanic or Latino
3. 0.9% Unknown

18.  Sex breakdown:
1. 52.6% male
2. 47.4% female
 Age breakdown:
1. 74.7% 18 – 64 years
2. 25.3% 65 years and older
 Most people who participated in the trials (82%) were considered to
have an occupational risk of exposure, with 25.4% of them being
healthcare workers.
 Among people who participated in the clinical trials, 22.3% had at
least one high-risk condition, which included lung disease, heart
disease, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or HIV infection. Four
percent (4%) of participants had two or more high-risk conditions.

19. JOHNSON AND JOHNSON’S,
JANSSEN VACCINE

20. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT
JOHNSON AND JOHNSON’S JANSSEN
VACCINE
 Name: JNJ – 78436735
 Manufacturer: Janssen Pharmaceutical company of Johnson and
Johnson
 Manufacturer country: Leiden, Netherlands and United States of
America (USA)
 Type of Vaccine: Viral vector
 Number of shots: 1 shot
 How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm
 Based on evidence from clinical trials, Janssen vaccine was 66.3%
effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in
people without evidence of previous infection.

21. Possible Side Effects
 In arm where you got the shots
1. Pain
2. Redness
3. Swelling
 Rest of the body
1. Tiredness
2. Headache
3. Muscle pain
4. Chill
5. Fever
6. Nausae
 Who Should Get Vaccinated
 The J&J/Janssen vaccine is recommended
for people aged 18 years and older.
 Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated
 If you have had a severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic
reaction.
 Storage and Handling Overview
 Store vaccine in a freezer or refrigerator.

22. CLINICAL TRIAL DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
 Clinical trials for the J&J/Janssen vaccine included people from the
following racial and ethnic categories:
1. 62.1% White
2. 17.2% Black or African American
3. 8.3% American Indian or Alaska Native
4. 5.4% Multiple races
5. 3.5% Asian
6. 0.3% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
 Ethnicity:
1. 45.1% Hispanic or Latino
2. 52.4% Not Hispanic or Latino
3. 2.5% Unknown

23.  Sex breakdown:
1. 55.5% Male
2. 44.5% Female
3. <0.1% Undifferentiated or unknown sex
 Age breakdown:
1. 66.5% 18–59 years
2. 33.5% 60 years and older
3. 19.6% 65 years and older
4. 3.5% 75 years and older

24. COVAXIN

25. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT
COVAXIN VACCINE
 Name: BBV 154
 Manufacturer: Bharat Biotech
 Manufacturer country: India
 Type of Vaccine: Inactivated
 Number of shots:2 shots, 28 days apart
 How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm
 Based on evidence from clinical trials, Covaxin vaccine was 81%
effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in
people without evidence of previous infection.

26. Possible Side Effects
 In arm where you got the shots
1. Pain
2. Redness
3. Swelling
 Rest of the body
1. Tiredness
2. Headache
3. Muscle pain
4. Chill
5. Fever
6. Nausae
 Who Should Get Vaccinated
 The Bharat Biotech vaccine is recommended for
people aged 12 years and older.
 Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated
 If you have had a severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction.
 Storage and Handling Overview
 It is a vaccine with no sub-zero storage, no
reconstitution requirement, and ready to use
liquid presentation in multi-dose vials, stable at
2-8oC.

27.  A total of 375 subjects have been enrolled in the Phase 1 study and
generated excellent safety data without any reactogenicity.
 Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers were observed with
two divergent SARS-CoV-2 strains.
 Percentage of all the side-effects combined was only 15% in vaccine
recipients.
 In Phase 2 study, 380 participants of 12-65 years were enrolled.
 COVAXIN led to tolerable safety outcomes and enhanced humoral
and cell-mediated immune responses.
 A total of 25,800 subjects have been enrolled and randomized in a
1:1 ratio to receive the vaccine and control in a Event-Driven,
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3
study.

28. COVAXIN effective against UK variant
strain and Global Acceptance of
COVAXIN:
 Analysis from the National Institute of Virology indicates that
vaccine-induced antibodies can neutralize the UK variant strains and
other heterologous strains.
 Bharat biotech has been approached by several countries across the
world for the procurement of COVAXIN.
 Clinical trials in other countries to commence soon.

29.  Supplies from government to government in the following countries
to take place:
1. Mongolia
2. Myanmar
3. Sri Lanka
4. Philippines
5. Bahrain
6. Oman
7. Maldives
8. Mauritius
9. Bangladesh
10. Nepal

30. COVISHIELD

31. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT
COVISHIELD VACCINE
 Name: ChAdOx1 or AZD1222
 Manufacturer: Serum Institute of India, AstraZeneca and Oxford
University
 Manufacturer country: India, UK and British- Swedish.
 Type of Vaccine: Non-replicating Viral vector
 Number of shots:2 shots, 48 days apart
 How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm
 Based on evidence from clinical trials, Covishield vaccine was 95%
effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in
people without evidence of previous infection.

32. Possible Side Effects
 In arm where you got the shots
1. Pain
2. Redness
3. Swelling
 Rest of the body
1. Tiredness
2. Headache
3. Muscle pain
4. Chill
5. Fever
6. Nausae
 Who Should Get Vaccinated
 The Covishield vaccine is recommended
for people aged 18 years and older.
 Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated
 If you have had a severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic
reaction.
 Storage and Handling Overview
 It is a vaccine with no sub-zero storage,
no reconstitution requirement, and ready
to use liquid presentation in multi-dose
vials, stable at 2-8oC.

33. SPUTNIK V

34. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT
COVISHIELD VACCINE
 Name: Gam – COVID – Vac
Manufacturer: Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and
Microbiology
 Manufacturer country: Russia.
 Type of Vaccine: Viral vector
 Number of shots:2 shots, 21 days apart
 How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm
 Based on evidence from clinical trials, Sputnik V vaccine was 91.6%
effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in
people without evidence of previous infection.

35. Possible Side Effects
 In arm where you got the shots
1. Pain
2. Redness
3. Swelling
 Rest of the body
1. Tiredness
2. Headache
3. Muscle pain
4. Chill
5. Fever
6. Nausae
 Who Should Get Vaccinated
 The Sputnik V vaccine is recommended for
people aged 18 years and older.
 Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated
 If you have had a severe allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction.
 Storage and Handling Overview
 Storage temperature is above freezing, 2–8 °C
or 36–46 °F, at the common home-refrigerator
temperature. The freeze-dried powder must be
reconstituted with water for before use.

36. OTHER VACCINES
 The non – mentioned Vaccines are as follow:
1. BBIBP – CorV: Manufactured by Sinopharm, China with a
effectiveness of 86%.
2. ZyCoV – D: Manufactured by Zydus Candela, India, is under third
phase of clinical trials.
3. CoviVac: Manufactured by Russian Institute of Science, Russia, is
under third phase of clinical trials.
4. WIBP – CorV: Manufactured by Sinopharm, China with a
effectiveness of 72.51%.

37. MOST EFFECTIVE
VACCINE
EVERY VACCINE
AVAILABLE RIGHT NOW
IS MUCH MORE
EFFECTIVE THAN NO
VACCINE, AND THEY
ALL SIGNIFICANTLY
REDUCE THE
LIKELIHOOD OF SEVERE
ILLNESS AND DEATH.

38. China’s Vaccine

39. Presented by
Pratiksha Pandey
BSc MBBTC 1st semester
109620487007