UV Spectrophotometeric Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Telmisartan in Pharmaceutical Drug and Drug Formulation Tablet Dosage Form
An easy, simple, specific, speedy, precise and accurate have been developed and validated for content determination of Telmisartan. This article based on validation of analytical method procedures which is established in ICH Q2 R1 .Telmisartan demonstrated the absorption maxima in at 291.2 nm and found was linear for a range of 5 µg ml ”“25 µg ml with correlation coefficient LOD of Telmisartan was found to be 2.09µg ml and the limit of quantification LOQ of Telmisartan was found to be 6.34 µg ml. The analytical method validation of the above proposed method was performed by carrying out precision and accuracy studies. The Accuracy percentage recovery on three different levels i.e. 25 , 50 and 75 was found to be 95.20 , 94.21 and 90.95 respectively. The proposed analytical method demonstrated good Intra precision Repeatability with relative standard deviations 2.54. The proposed analytical method was validated for the test parameter Specificity, Precision, Linearity and range, Ruggedness, Accuracy and recovery. The proposed method for content determination of Telmisartan in pureand tablet dosage form by UV spectrophotometer in pharmaceutical found easy, simple, accurate, precise and reproducible, economical and can be applied for the everyday quality control analysis. C. Shambiga | M. Menaka "UV Spectrophotometeric Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Telmisartan in Pharmaceutical Drug and Drug Formulation (Tablet Dosage Form)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56293.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/pharmacy/other/56293/uv-spectrophotometeric-analytical-method-development-and-validation-for-the-determination-of-telmisartan-in-pharmaceutical-drug-and-drug-formulation-tablet-dosage-form/c-shambiga
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Dronedarone Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical ...Jing Zang
An accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric method with multivariate calibration technique for the determination of dronedarone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms has been described. The term multivariate calibration refers to the process of constructing a mathematical model that relates a property such as content or identity to the absorbance of a set of known reference samples at more than one wavelength. Dronedarone shows maximum wavelength at 288 nm using methanol as a solvent and obeyed Beer’s law in the linear range of 10-35μg/ml. The present method was found to be accurate, precise, and can be successfully used for quantitative estimation of dronedarone in drug and tablet dosage form compare to other complex techniques.
Estimation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage fo...SriramNagarajan15
A simple, fast and reliable Spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulation. Spectrophotometrically, Pioglitazone hydrochloride was determined by measuring the maximum absorption at 270nm. Analytical Calibration curves were linear within a concentration range from 10 to 50µg/ml. The developed method was applied to directly and easily to the analysis of the pharmaceutical tablet preparations. % R.S.D was found to be 0.51 for piosis 30 mg Tablet. The %R.S.D values for all method validation parameters were found within 2% for the developed method. The method was completely validated. The results showed that this method can be used for rapid determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical tablet formulation with linearity, precision, accuracy specificity.
Estimation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage fo...pharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of a UV spectroscopic method for estimating pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be linear, precise, accurate and specific. Pioglitazone hydrochloride exhibited maximum absorption at 270nm. The developed method was applied to a pharmaceutical tablet and found to contain 100.9% of the label claim of pioglitazone with 0.51% RSD, indicating the method can be used to rapidly analyze pioglitazone content in tablets.
Method development and validation for the estimation of metronidazole in tabl...pharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of two spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of metronidazole in tablet dosage forms. The methods utilize UV spectroscopy and first derivative spectroscopy. Metronidazole showed maximum absorbance at 313nm in methanol:water for UV spectroscopy and a minimum at 298nm for derivative spectroscopy. Both methods were linear between 4-12μg/ml and were validated according to ICH guidelines. The methods were found to be accurate, precise and reproducible for the analysis of metronidazole in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.
UV Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Esti...Sagar Savale
This document describes the development and validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of paracetamol. Paracetamol was found to exhibit maximum absorption at 244 nm in methanol. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999), recovery (99.78-100.54%), precision (<0.06% RSD), ruggedness (<0.02% RSD), and sensitivity (LOD = 0.37 μg/ml, LOQ = 0.98 μg/ml). The developed method is simple, rapid, economical and suitable for the analysis of paracetamol in bulk drug samples.
Analytical method Development and Validation for the estimation of Pioglitazo...SriramNagarajan15
This paper describes the analytical method suitable for validation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride by UV Spectrophotometric method. The method utilized UV spectroscopy and the solvent system was consists of 6 N Glacial acetic acid at wave length 270 nm. Validation experiments were performed to demonstrate Specificity, Precision, Linearity, Accuracy, ruggedness. The method was linear over the concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml. The Proposed method was simple, sensitive & reliable with good Precise, Accurate, and Reproducible and rapid for the determination of Pioglitazone. The commercial formulations are estimated without interference. Hence this method can be used for routine determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and their pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Dronedarone Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical ...Jing Zang
An accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric method with multivariate calibration technique for the determination of dronedarone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms has been described. The term multivariate calibration refers to the process of constructing a mathematical model that relates a property such as content or identity to the absorbance of a set of known reference samples at more than one wavelength. Dronedarone shows maximum wavelength at 288 nm using methanol as a solvent and obeyed Beer’s law in the linear range of 10-35μg/ml. The present method was found to be accurate, precise, and can be successfully used for quantitative estimation of dronedarone in drug and tablet dosage form compare to other complex techniques.
Estimation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage fo...SriramNagarajan15
A simple, fast and reliable Spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulation. Spectrophotometrically, Pioglitazone hydrochloride was determined by measuring the maximum absorption at 270nm. Analytical Calibration curves were linear within a concentration range from 10 to 50µg/ml. The developed method was applied to directly and easily to the analysis of the pharmaceutical tablet preparations. % R.S.D was found to be 0.51 for piosis 30 mg Tablet. The %R.S.D values for all method validation parameters were found within 2% for the developed method. The method was completely validated. The results showed that this method can be used for rapid determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical tablet formulation with linearity, precision, accuracy specificity.
Estimation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage fo...pharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of a UV spectroscopic method for estimating pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be linear, precise, accurate and specific. Pioglitazone hydrochloride exhibited maximum absorption at 270nm. The developed method was applied to a pharmaceutical tablet and found to contain 100.9% of the label claim of pioglitazone with 0.51% RSD, indicating the method can be used to rapidly analyze pioglitazone content in tablets.
Method development and validation for the estimation of metronidazole in tabl...pharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of two spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of metronidazole in tablet dosage forms. The methods utilize UV spectroscopy and first derivative spectroscopy. Metronidazole showed maximum absorbance at 313nm in methanol:water for UV spectroscopy and a minimum at 298nm for derivative spectroscopy. Both methods were linear between 4-12μg/ml and were validated according to ICH guidelines. The methods were found to be accurate, precise and reproducible for the analysis of metronidazole in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.
UV Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Esti...Sagar Savale
This document describes the development and validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of paracetamol. Paracetamol was found to exhibit maximum absorption at 244 nm in methanol. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999), recovery (99.78-100.54%), precision (<0.06% RSD), ruggedness (<0.02% RSD), and sensitivity (LOD = 0.37 μg/ml, LOQ = 0.98 μg/ml). The developed method is simple, rapid, economical and suitable for the analysis of paracetamol in bulk drug samples.
Analytical method Development and Validation for the estimation of Pioglitazo...SriramNagarajan15
This paper describes the analytical method suitable for validation of Pioglitazone hydrochloride by UV Spectrophotometric method. The method utilized UV spectroscopy and the solvent system was consists of 6 N Glacial acetic acid at wave length 270 nm. Validation experiments were performed to demonstrate Specificity, Precision, Linearity, Accuracy, ruggedness. The method was linear over the concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml. The Proposed method was simple, sensitive & reliable with good Precise, Accurate, and Reproducible and rapid for the determination of Pioglitazone. The commercial formulations are estimated without interference. Hence this method can be used for routine determination of Pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and their pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cardiovascular DrugsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY (Ɛ-CAPROLACTONE) NANOSUSPENSION CONT...VIJAY SINGH
This document summarizes the preparation and characterization of poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) nanosuspension containing the drug satranidazole. Satranidazole nanosuspensions were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method with poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) and sodium lauryl sulfate. The nanosuspensions were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and stability. The optimized formulation of NS1a had a particle size of 241.6 nm, zeta potential of -21.3 mV, and drug entrapment efficiency of 72.61%. In vitro drug release studies showed higher release in simulated
HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of Doxycyc...SriramNagarajan17
This document describes the development and validation of an HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of Doxycycline and Tinidazole in tablet dosage forms. The method utilizes an Agilent XDB C18 column with a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile. Doxycycline and Tinidazole were well separated with retention times of 3.372 and 2.490 minutes, respectively. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery for quantification of both drugs in tablets without interference from excipients.
Our journal has been understands the importance of maintaining high standards in research. This commitment is reflected in its team of scientists and academicians, who dedicate their expertise to assist others in learning and improving their research paper writing skills.
A novel validated RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Liraglutide in bulk and parenteral dosage forms. The method utilized a C18 column, mobile phase of methanol and phosphate buffer with UV detection at 246 nm. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be accurate, precise, specific and linear over a concentration range of 20-80 μg/ml. The method was successfully applied to a liraglutide injection sample with 99.84% assay results. In summary, a novel HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of liraglutide in bulk and parenteral dosage forms.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of telmisartan and atorvastatin from tablet formulations. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 75:25. Detection is carried out at 220nm. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be linear, precise, accurate, robust and suitable for quality control testing of tablet formulations containing telmisartan and atorvastatin.
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of methotrexate (MTX) and tretinoin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and buffer at a ratio of 85:15. MTX and tretinoin were well separated and detected at 340 nm. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated to be specific, accurate, precise, linear, robust and stability-indicating for the analysis of MTX and tretinoin in samples.
Determination of Etodolac in Commercial Formulations by HPLC-UV Methodijtsrd
The aim of this study was to develop and verify a simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with UV detector HPLC UV method for the quantitative determination of etodolac in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was performed at ambient conditions on a reverse phase ACE C8 analytical column 250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 umm using the mobile phase containing acetonitrile water 80 20, v v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min 1. A wavelength of 272 nm was used for etodolok and paracetamol IS . A retention time of 4.21 min and 2.02 min were obtained for etodolac and IS, respectively. The method showed linearity in the range of 0.08 10 µg mL 1 for etodolac R = 0.9999 . The linear regression equations obtained by least square regression method were the ratio of peak area of etodolac and IS =1.559 concentration etodolac µg mL 0.139. The intra day and inter day RE and RSD values of the method were =10.0 and =2.65 , respectively. Limit of detection LOD and limit of quantification LOQ were found to be 0.04 and 0.06 µg mL 1 for etodolac, respectively. A new, simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for etodolac. The method can be applied for the quantification of etodolac without derivatization in bulk solutions and commercial formulations using the internal standard. Tugrul Cagri Akman | Yucel Kadioglu "Determination of Etodolac in Commercial Formulations by HPLC-UV Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29452.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/29452/determination-of-etodolac-in-commercial-formulations-by-hplc-uv-method/tugrul-cagri-akman
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Bulk and Pharmaceuti...pharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in tablet dosage forms. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.0, acetonitrile and THF in a 60:30:10 ratio at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Lamivudine and Zidovudine were well separated with retention times of 3.793 minutes and 2.547 minutes, respectively. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated to be linear, precise, accurate, specific and robust for the simultaneous analysis of these two drugs in tablets.
Traditional Kashmiri Recipe “Shangri-Kahwa” as a Stimulant Drink and Effectiv...SriramNagarajan15
The popular recipe “Shangri-kahwa” is an age old home remedy for respiratory and various other problems in almost whole of Kashmir. It is prepared from important spices like liquorice, clove, cinnamon, and cardamom, which have documented health benefits. Information about its use and method of preparation was obtained from group discussions held in some villages of Baramullah district of Jammu and Kashmir. People in these villages believe that Shangri-kahwa is cost effective, delicious, made from easily available ingredients and can be prepared easily at home. Being residents of this area, the authors are aware of the popularity of this magical drink used as a first line of treatment for various ailments at home, particularly during cold days. This recipe is extremely famous in these villages both as a refreshing and stimulant drink, as well as believed to be highly efficacious in respiratory illnesses. It is cost effective and highly palatable. The ingredients of Shangri-kahwa are being used extensively in Unani system of medicine and Ayurveda for almost same indications as the recipe is used. This study was carried out to highlight the effectiveness and focus the attention of the researchers towards this attractive and effective dosage form used as home remedy in Kashmir.
Quality-by-design-based development and validation of a stability-indicating ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
A systematic design-of-experiments was performed by applying quality-by-design concepts to determine
design space for rapid quantification of teriflunomide by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography
(UPLC) method in the presence of degradation products. Response surface and central composite
quadratic were used for statistical evaluation of experimental data using a Design-Expert software. The
response variables such as resolution, retention time, and peak tailing were analyzed statistically for the
screening of suitable chromatographic conditions. During this process, various plots such as perturbation,
contour, 3D, and design space were studied. The method was developed through UPLC BEH C18
2.1 � 100 mm, 1.7-μ column, mobile phase comprised of buffer (5 mM K2HPO4 containing 0.1%
triethylamine, pH 6.8), and acetonitrile (40:60 v/v), the flow rate of 0.5 mL min 1 and UV detection at
250 nm. The method was developed with a short run time of 1 min. Forced degradation studies revealed
that the method was stability-indicating, suitable for both assay and in-vitro dissolution of a drug product.
The method was found to be linear in the range of 28–84 μg mL 1, 2.8–22.7 μg mL 1 with a correlation
coefficient of 0.9999 and 1.000 for assay and dissolution, respectively. The recovery values were found in
the range of 100.1–101.7%. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride by us...ijtsrd
A simple and reproducible method was developed for Metformin MET by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography RP HPLC . Metformin was separated on C18 column 4.6x250mm, particle size 5µm , using combination of phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol at the UV detection of 238nm. Isocratic elution of phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol was used as a mobile phase with various ratios and flow rates, eventually 30 70 v v phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol was being set with the flow rate of 1mL min. The statistical validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, inter day and intra day variation were checked, assay studies of Metformin were within 98 to 102 indicating that the proposed method can be adoptable for quality control analysis of Metformin. Mr. Nilesh Nikam | Dr. Avish Maru | Dr. Anil Jadhav | Dr. Prashant Malpure ""Analytical Method Development and Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride by using RP-HPLC with ICH Guidelines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22812.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/22812/analytical-method-development-and-validation-of-metformin-hydrochloride-by-using-rp-hplc-with-ich-guidelines/mr-nilesh-nikam
Development and Validation of RP HPLC Method for Estimation of Vortioxetine i...ijtsrd
A rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the validated of Vortioxetine in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on ODS C18 4.6 x 250 mm, 5µm column using Acetonitrile And Methonal 70 30 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min, the detection was carried out at 274nm. The retention time of the Vortioxetine was 2.922 ±0.02min. The method produce linear responses in the concentration range of 20 µg ml of Vortioxetine. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0 RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Rathod K. G | Bargaje G. S | Rathod G. R | Deshpande O. V "Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Vortioxetine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28040.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/28040/development-and-validation-of-rp-hplc-method-for-estimation-of-vortioxetine-in-bulk-and-pharmaceutical-dosage-form/rathod-k-g
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
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This document summarizes the preparation and characterization of poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) nanosuspension containing the drug satranidazole. Satranidazole nanosuspensions were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method with poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) and sodium lauryl sulfate. The nanosuspensions were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and stability. The optimized formulation of NS1a had a particle size of 241.6 nm, zeta potential of -21.3 mV, and drug entrapment efficiency of 72.61%. In vitro drug release studies showed higher release in simulated
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This document describes the development and validation of an HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of Doxycycline and Tinidazole in tablet dosage forms. The method utilizes an Agilent XDB C18 column with a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile. Doxycycline and Tinidazole were well separated with retention times of 3.372 and 2.490 minutes, respectively. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery for quantification of both drugs in tablets without interference from excipients.
Our journal has been understands the importance of maintaining high standards in research. This commitment is reflected in its team of scientists and academicians, who dedicate their expertise to assist others in learning and improving their research paper writing skills.
A novel validated RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Liraglutide in bulk and parenteral dosage forms. The method utilized a C18 column, mobile phase of methanol and phosphate buffer with UV detection at 246 nm. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be accurate, precise, specific and linear over a concentration range of 20-80 μg/ml. The method was successfully applied to a liraglutide injection sample with 99.84% assay results. In summary, a novel HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of liraglutide in bulk and parenteral dosage forms.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of telmisartan and atorvastatin from tablet formulations. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at a ratio of 75:25. Detection is carried out at 220nm. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be linear, precise, accurate, robust and suitable for quality control testing of tablet formulations containing telmisartan and atorvastatin.
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of methotrexate (MTX) and tretinoin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and buffer at a ratio of 85:15. MTX and tretinoin were well separated and detected at 340 nm. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated to be specific, accurate, precise, linear, robust and stability-indicating for the analysis of MTX and tretinoin in samples.
Determination of Etodolac in Commercial Formulations by HPLC-UV Methodijtsrd
The aim of this study was to develop and verify a simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with UV detector HPLC UV method for the quantitative determination of etodolac in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was performed at ambient conditions on a reverse phase ACE C8 analytical column 250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 umm using the mobile phase containing acetonitrile water 80 20, v v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min 1. A wavelength of 272 nm was used for etodolok and paracetamol IS . A retention time of 4.21 min and 2.02 min were obtained for etodolac and IS, respectively. The method showed linearity in the range of 0.08 10 µg mL 1 for etodolac R = 0.9999 . The linear regression equations obtained by least square regression method were the ratio of peak area of etodolac and IS =1.559 concentration etodolac µg mL 0.139. The intra day and inter day RE and RSD values of the method were =10.0 and =2.65 , respectively. Limit of detection LOD and limit of quantification LOQ were found to be 0.04 and 0.06 µg mL 1 for etodolac, respectively. A new, simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for etodolac. The method can be applied for the quantification of etodolac without derivatization in bulk solutions and commercial formulations using the internal standard. Tugrul Cagri Akman | Yucel Kadioglu "Determination of Etodolac in Commercial Formulations by HPLC-UV Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29452.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/29452/determination-of-etodolac-in-commercial-formulations-by-hplc-uv-method/tugrul-cagri-akman
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Bulk and Pharmaceuti...pharmaindexing
This document describes the development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in tablet dosage forms. The method utilizes a C18 column with a mobile phase of ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.0, acetonitrile and THF in a 60:30:10 ratio at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Lamivudine and Zidovudine were well separated with retention times of 3.793 minutes and 2.547 minutes, respectively. The method was validated per ICH guidelines and demonstrated to be linear, precise, accurate, specific and robust for the simultaneous analysis of these two drugs in tablets.
Traditional Kashmiri Recipe “Shangri-Kahwa” as a Stimulant Drink and Effectiv...SriramNagarajan15
The popular recipe “Shangri-kahwa” is an age old home remedy for respiratory and various other problems in almost whole of Kashmir. It is prepared from important spices like liquorice, clove, cinnamon, and cardamom, which have documented health benefits. Information about its use and method of preparation was obtained from group discussions held in some villages of Baramullah district of Jammu and Kashmir. People in these villages believe that Shangri-kahwa is cost effective, delicious, made from easily available ingredients and can be prepared easily at home. Being residents of this area, the authors are aware of the popularity of this magical drink used as a first line of treatment for various ailments at home, particularly during cold days. This recipe is extremely famous in these villages both as a refreshing and stimulant drink, as well as believed to be highly efficacious in respiratory illnesses. It is cost effective and highly palatable. The ingredients of Shangri-kahwa are being used extensively in Unani system of medicine and Ayurveda for almost same indications as the recipe is used. This study was carried out to highlight the effectiveness and focus the attention of the researchers towards this attractive and effective dosage form used as home remedy in Kashmir.
Quality-by-design-based development and validation of a stability-indicating ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
A systematic design-of-experiments was performed by applying quality-by-design concepts to determine
design space for rapid quantification of teriflunomide by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography
(UPLC) method in the presence of degradation products. Response surface and central composite
quadratic were used for statistical evaluation of experimental data using a Design-Expert software. The
response variables such as resolution, retention time, and peak tailing were analyzed statistically for the
screening of suitable chromatographic conditions. During this process, various plots such as perturbation,
contour, 3D, and design space were studied. The method was developed through UPLC BEH C18
2.1 � 100 mm, 1.7-μ column, mobile phase comprised of buffer (5 mM K2HPO4 containing 0.1%
triethylamine, pH 6.8), and acetonitrile (40:60 v/v), the flow rate of 0.5 mL min 1 and UV detection at
250 nm. The method was developed with a short run time of 1 min. Forced degradation studies revealed
that the method was stability-indicating, suitable for both assay and in-vitro dissolution of a drug product.
The method was found to be linear in the range of 28–84 μg mL 1, 2.8–22.7 μg mL 1 with a correlation
coefficient of 0.9999 and 1.000 for assay and dissolution, respectively. The recovery values were found in
the range of 100.1–101.7%. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride by us...ijtsrd
A simple and reproducible method was developed for Metformin MET by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography RP HPLC . Metformin was separated on C18 column 4.6x250mm, particle size 5µm , using combination of phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol at the UV detection of 238nm. Isocratic elution of phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol was used as a mobile phase with various ratios and flow rates, eventually 30 70 v v phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol was being set with the flow rate of 1mL min. The statistical validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, inter day and intra day variation were checked, assay studies of Metformin were within 98 to 102 indicating that the proposed method can be adoptable for quality control analysis of Metformin. Mr. Nilesh Nikam | Dr. Avish Maru | Dr. Anil Jadhav | Dr. Prashant Malpure ""Analytical Method Development and Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride by using RP-HPLC with ICH Guidelines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22812.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/22812/analytical-method-development-and-validation-of-metformin-hydrochloride-by-using-rp-hplc-with-ich-guidelines/mr-nilesh-nikam
Development and Validation of RP HPLC Method for Estimation of Vortioxetine i...ijtsrd
A rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the validated of Vortioxetine in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on ODS C18 4.6 x 250 mm, 5µm column using Acetonitrile And Methonal 70 30 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min, the detection was carried out at 274nm. The retention time of the Vortioxetine was 2.922 ±0.02min. The method produce linear responses in the concentration range of 20 µg ml of Vortioxetine. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0 RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Rathod K. G | Bargaje G. S | Rathod G. R | Deshpande O. V "Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Vortioxetine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28040.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/28040/development-and-validation-of-rp-hplc-method-for-estimation-of-vortioxetine-in-bulk-and-pharmaceutical-dosage-form/rathod-k-g
Similar to UV Spectrophotometeric Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Telmisartan in Pharmaceutical Drug and Drug Formulation Tablet Dosage Form (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
UV Spectrophotometeric Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Telmisartan in Pharmaceutical Drug and Drug Formulation Tablet Dosage Form
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD56293 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 13
PRELIMINARY SOLUBILITY STUDIES OF
DRUGS
Around 25mg of Telmisartan was weighed and
solubility was checked in water, methanol, ethanol,
0.1 HCl, 0.1 M NaOH. The drug was found to be
soluble in 0.1M NaOH.
PREPARATION OF 0.1M NaOH SOLUTION
Transferred about 300 ml of water to the 1000 ml
volumetric flask, the slowly added about 4 gm of
Sodium Hydroxide with continuous stirring then add
distilled water up to mark the volume of 1000 ml,
mixed the solution thoroughly resulting 0.1 M NaOH,
This solution is used as diluent.
PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTION
Weighed accurately about 100 mg of Telmisartan and
transferred to 100 ml amber volumetric flask.
Dissolved in diluent and made up the volume to 100
ml, further transferred 1 ml of solution from previous
solution to another 100 ml volumetric flask and make
it up to 100 ml using 0.1 NaOH for get a
concentration 10 µg/ml.
SELECTION OF WAVELENGTH FOR ANALYSIS OF TELMISARTAN
The standard solution having concentration 10µg/ml was scanned at 200 nm to 350 nm with diluent as the blank
to detect maximum wavelength
Fig 3 Estimation of Maxima of Telmisartan
From the above (Fig 3) spectra of Telmisartan wavelength maxima was identified as 291.2 nm (λmax).
VALIDATION OF PROPOSED ANALYTICAL METHOD
Analysis of variance was used to ensure the validity and performance effectiveness of the proposed analytical
methods.
SPECIFICITY
Specificity is the capacity to appraise obviously the analyte in the existence of components which could be
predictable to be present. In general these might consist of impurities, degradants, matrix, etc. Specificity was
performed by scanning of diluent solution and Telmisartan Standard solution of concentrations 10 µg/ml, 15
µg/ml and 20 µg/ml in spectrophotometric range from 200 nm to 350 nm to substantiate specific absorption
maxima at predefined wavelength i.e. 291.2 nm and solution stability study executed to assess the solution
stability at different time interval up to 26 hrs.
INSTRUMENT PRECISION
Instrument precision was carried out to assess the suitability of the developed analytical method with respect to
capacity of instrument consistency to afford the precise wavelength maxima when scanned the Telmisartan
Standard solution of having concentrations 10 µg/ml in the UV range from 200 nm to 350 nm. To make sure
specific absorption maxima at predefined wavelength 291.2 nm with reproducible absorption detection. Five
separate standard preparations were scanned / analyzed according to the proposed analytical method of analysis.
The % RSD due to Telmisartan concentration for the five standards was found 2.182%.
Table 1 Instrument precision
S. No Standard number Absorbance at 291.2 nm %RSD
1 Standard preparation 1 0.427
2.182
2 Standard preparation 2 0.427
3 Standard preparation 3 0.410
4 Standard preparation 4 0.431
5 Standard preparation 5 0.414
Average absorbance 0.421
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD56293 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 14
LINEARITY AND RANGE
The linearity of an analytical method is the ability to elicit test results, which are directly proportional to the
concentrations of drug in a given range. Linearity justifies the use of single calibrations. The correlation
coefficient of the Regression line for was found that 0.996.
Three levels of five different concentrations of Telmisartan Standard solution with concentrations range from
5µg/ml, 10µg/ml, 15µg/ml, 20µg/ml and 25µg/ml, in the range relative to the working concentrations, were
prepared and recorded the absorbance as per proposed method of analysis. A linear regression curve was drawn,
the correlation coefficient (R2) and assessment value calculated. The Correlation coefficient (R2) for
Telmisartan obtained is 0.996.
Table 2 Linearity and Range
S. No Standard Concentration (µg/ml) Absorbance at 291.2 nm Correlation coefficient
1 5 0.263
0.9965
2 10 0.486
3 15 0.656
4 20 0.823
5 25 0.995
The plot is a straight line and the results are tabulated in the Table 2 and curve is shown in the figure 4.
Figure 4 Linearity and range of Telmisartan
LIMIT OF DETECTION &LIMIT OF QUANTITATION
For determination of Limit of Detection and Limit of quantification assessed Telmisartan Standard solution (n=
3) through concentration’s range from 5µg/ml, 10µg/ml,15µg/ml, 20µg/ml and 25µg/ml, considering the relative
range of the working concentrations followed by the slope ratio Limit of detection of Telmisartan were found to
be 2.09 µg/ml and Limit of Quantitation of Telmisartan were found to be 6.34 µg/ml. Results are reported in
Table 3.
Table 3 LOD & LOQ of Telmisartan
S.
No
Sample
LOD
(µg/ml)
LOQ
(µg/ml)
Linearity Range
(µg/ml)
Calibration
equation
±SD
1 Sample A 1.88 5.69 5 -25 0.036x+0.1043 0.25
2 Sample B 2.12 6.44 5 - 25 0.031x+0.0911 0.24
3 Sample C 2.27 6.89 5 - 25 0.031x+0.0662 0.28
ANALYTICAL METHOD PRECISION
The precision of an analytical method expresses the degree of conformity surrounded by individual test results
when the method is applied to multiple sampling of a homogenous sample.
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD56293 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 15
METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR TABLET FORMULATION
50 mg equivalent weight of tablet powder was transferred to 100 ml amber volumetric flask. Dissolved in about
70 ml of diluent, Sonicated for 20 minute with intermittent shaking and made up the volume to 100 ml with
diluent. The solution was filtered through Whatmann filter paper, discarding first few ml of filtrate, and further
transferred 2 ml of solution to 100 ml amber volumetric flask and made up to 100 ml of Solution with 0.1
NaOH.
ASSAY/PRECISION (REPEATABILITY)
This parameter determines the repeatability of Telmisartan tablet 20 mg assay results under the same operating
conditions over a short period of time.
The % RSD for Telmisartan Tablet 20 mg concentration for the five samples was found to be 2.54%. Five
separate samples preparation were analyzed according to the proposed method of analysis. Results are tabulated
in the Table 4.
Table 4 Intraday precision (Repeatability)
20 mg of Telmisartan tablet
S. No Sample no Assay content in (mg) %Assay content ±SD %RSD
1 Sample 1 20.00 100.0
2.47 2.54
2 Sample 2 20.00 100.0
3 Sample 3 19.49 97.39
4 Sample 4 19.35 96.65
5 Sample 5 18.88 94.12
Average % assay 19.54 97.63
ACCURACY
This parameter determines the accuracy of the assay results under the same operating conditions. A Telmisartan
Tablet 20 mg sample was analyzed for the accuracy with known quantity of standard samples of Telmisartan at
25%, 50%, 75% concentration levels and assayed as per the method stated under proposed analytical methods
respectively. Three determinations were performed under each concentration levels respectively. Results are
shown in Table 4, 5, 6.Telmisartan at 25%, 50%, 75% concentration was found to be 3.36%, 3.17% and 1.57%
respectively. Nine sample preparations were analyzed according to the proposed method of analysis. The %RSD
due to Telmisartan Tablet 20 mg concentration for the assay meets the requirement and accuracy of recovery is
within 90.0% to 110%. Results are Tabulated in the Table 5, 6 & 7
Table 5 Accuracy and Recovery reported at 25 % Conc levels
20 mg of Telmisartan tablet
S. No
Accuracy
at 25%
level
Amount of
pure drug
added (mg)
Total amount of
drug in theoretical
value (mg)
Experimental
value (mg)
% assay
content
±SD %RSD
1 Sample A 5 25 24.6 98.40
2 Sample B 5 25 23.8 95.20 3.20 3.36
3 Sample C 5 25 23.0 92.00
Average 23.8 95.20
Table 6 Accuracy and recovery reported at 50% Conc levels.
20 mg of Telmisartan tablet
S. No
Accuracy at
50% level
Amount of
pure drug
added (mg)
Total amount of
drug in theoretical
value (mg)
Experimental
value (mg)
% assay
content
±SD %RSD
1 Sample A 10 30 29.3 97.60
2 Sample B 10 30 27.8 92.66 2.98 3.17
3 Sample C 10 30 27.8 92.33
Average 28.3 94.21
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Table 7 Accuracy and Recovery reported at 75% conc levels
20 mg of Telmisartan tablet
S. No
Accuracy at
75% level
Amount of
pure drug
added (mg)
Total amount of
drug in theoretical
value (mg)
Experimental
value (mg)
% assay
content
±SD %RSD
1 Sample A 15 35 32.4 92.60
2 Sample B 15 35 31.8 90.85 1.59 1.75
3 Sample C 15 35 31.3 89.42
Average 31.8 90.95
SOLUTION STABILITY
Solution stability of the Telmisartan Tablet 20 mg
sample Solution was performed up to 26 hrs with
different time Interval and found the solution is stable
showing cumulative % RSD of different time interval
is 1.081 which is less than the 2. Hence the
Telmisartan Tablet 20 mg sample solution is found
stable up to 26 hrs at room temperature and
recommended for 24 hrs solution stability (%RSD
0.789).
RESULTS ANS DISCUSSION
The proposed method in the presented work provides
an easy, simple, stable, precise, reliable, rapid, less
expensive (Economical), time saving and convenient
method for the analysis of Telmisartan Tablet
formulation using U.V spectrophotometer. λ max
selected for quantitation was 291.2 nm. In this
analytical method, the linearity was observed from
range of 5 – 25µg/ml with R2 value of 0.9956
Method precision for the Telmisartan Tablet 20 mg at
concentrations level 10µg/ml was found in the range
of94 – 100 %. Accuracy of the proposed method was
ascertained by recovery studies and the results were
expressed as percent recovery and were found in the
range of 90.95 – 95.2 %values of standard deviation
and coefficient of variance was satisfactorily
indicating the accuracy of the method. Intra-day and
Inter-day precision studies were carried out by
analyzing the sample of Telmisartan Tablet 20 mg at
different time interval on the same day and on
different days respectively.
Based on the outcome of analytical method
development and analytical validation study test
results, it was found that, the proposed analytical
method for determination of Telmisartan and
Telmisartan Tablet 20 mg by UV Spectrophotometry
is accurate, precise, reproducible, stable, easy, simple,
rapid, time saving and less expensive (Economical).
The analytical method can be employed for routine
analysis in quality control of Telmisartan pure drug
(API) and Telmisartan formulation in pharmaceutical
industry.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD56293 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 17
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Impact Factor value 7. 429 | ISO 9001: 2008
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1055)