Using mobile phones while driving has become a major concern due to increased distraction and impairment of driving performance. The document discusses the effects of mobile phone use while driving, including increased crash risk which some studies estimate is up to 4 times higher than normal driving. It also examines potential solutions such as legislation banning handheld or all mobile phone use, public education campaigns, and technological solutions. Overall, the document analyzes the problem of driver distraction caused by mobile phones and suggests continued efforts are needed through enforcement, education, and technology to improve road safety.
Each year nearly 1.3 million people die as a result of a road traffic collision—
more than 3000 deaths each day—and more than half of these people are not
travelling in a car. Ninety percent of road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries,
which claim less than half the world\'s registered vehicle fleet. Road traffic injuries
are among the three leading causes of death for people between 5 and 44 years
of age. Unless immediate and effective action is taken, road traffic injuries are
predicted to become the fifth leading cause of death in the world, resulting in an
estimated 2.4 million deaths each year.
Car accidents are the leading cause of death for people in both developed & less developed countries. Automobile technology may have improved by leaps & bounds in terms of ensuring road safety & convenience but because of human error, the grim statistics on vehicular accidents continue to up. The way to reduce the risk of being involved in an accident then is to practice safe driving behaviors.
The principles of road safety are the first thing every driver should know. This presentation outlines the basic Dos and Don'ts of road safety. View it to refresh your knowledge and be a safe driver!
Each year nearly 1.3 million people die as a result of a road traffic collision—
more than 3000 deaths each day—and more than half of these people are not
travelling in a car. Ninety percent of road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries,
which claim less than half the world\'s registered vehicle fleet. Road traffic injuries
are among the three leading causes of death for people between 5 and 44 years
of age. Unless immediate and effective action is taken, road traffic injuries are
predicted to become the fifth leading cause of death in the world, resulting in an
estimated 2.4 million deaths each year.
Car accidents are the leading cause of death for people in both developed & less developed countries. Automobile technology may have improved by leaps & bounds in terms of ensuring road safety & convenience but because of human error, the grim statistics on vehicular accidents continue to up. The way to reduce the risk of being involved in an accident then is to practice safe driving behaviors.
The principles of road safety are the first thing every driver should know. This presentation outlines the basic Dos and Don'ts of road safety. View it to refresh your knowledge and be a safe driver!
As drivers we all remember that one of the first things our parents or driving instructor would tell us is that it is dangerous to drive while speeding. There is a large portion of drivers that do not speed, but also a large portion of drivers that do. These drivers put themselves, their passengers, pedestrians, and other drivers in danger.
a brief information about what road safety is, and why it is so important for common people. this presentation is designed for Pakistani people by mr. Mohammad Shahid of Road Safety First.
www.roadsign.pk
www.perlp.org
As we know in India road accidents plays very brutal role everyday, India lost a healthy people everyday because of silly mistakes which will not considerable. If government of India and People conscious about all road safety and improvement in traffic rules and awareness in people about road safety, we will save a valuable life's.
You can’t control the actions of other drivers. But updating your defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other people’s bad driving. So before you get behind the wheel of that two-ton frame of glass and steel, here are some tips to help you stay in control:
Brands live in an age of more competition, with more messaging and less attention paid to marketing than ever before. So how do you cut through the noise, stand out and drive long-term value? The Bouqs Company‘s John Tabis describes how they have developed loyal repeat customers by being transparent and Grubhub’s Steven Tristan Young shares his thoughts on what social marketing and remarketing approaches have worked. Presentation from Retail's Digital Summit 2016.
As drivers we all remember that one of the first things our parents or driving instructor would tell us is that it is dangerous to drive while speeding. There is a large portion of drivers that do not speed, but also a large portion of drivers that do. These drivers put themselves, their passengers, pedestrians, and other drivers in danger.
a brief information about what road safety is, and why it is so important for common people. this presentation is designed for Pakistani people by mr. Mohammad Shahid of Road Safety First.
www.roadsign.pk
www.perlp.org
As we know in India road accidents plays very brutal role everyday, India lost a healthy people everyday because of silly mistakes which will not considerable. If government of India and People conscious about all road safety and improvement in traffic rules and awareness in people about road safety, we will save a valuable life's.
You can’t control the actions of other drivers. But updating your defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other people’s bad driving. So before you get behind the wheel of that two-ton frame of glass and steel, here are some tips to help you stay in control:
Brands live in an age of more competition, with more messaging and less attention paid to marketing than ever before. So how do you cut through the noise, stand out and drive long-term value? The Bouqs Company‘s John Tabis describes how they have developed loyal repeat customers by being transparent and Grubhub’s Steven Tristan Young shares his thoughts on what social marketing and remarketing approaches have worked. Presentation from Retail's Digital Summit 2016.
Age-related Driving Performance: Effect of fog under dual-task conditionsjkcrash12
The present study investigated the driving performance of older and
younger drivers using a dual-task paradigm. Drivers were requred to do a
car-following task while detecting a signal light change in a light array above the
roadway in the driving simulator under different fog conditions. Decreased
accuracies and longer response times were recorded for older drivers, compared to
younger drivers, expecially under dense fog conditions. In addition, older drivers had
decreased car following performance when simultaneously performing the
light-detection task. These results suggets that under poor weather conditions (e.g.
fog), with reduced visibility, older drivers may have an increased accident risk
because of a decreased ability to perform multiple tasks.
Facebook costing 16-34s jobs in tough economic climate
One in ten young people have been rejected for a job because of their social media profile
We have just finished the third wave of our young people’s consumer confidence (YPCC) index, which is designed to help businesses understand what young people (16-34) think about their current and future economic and employment prospects, in both developed and growth markets.
The index covers 6000 16-34 year olds across six countries and revealed some surprising results.
Impact of social media on careers
If getting a job wasn’t hard enough in this tough economic climate the survey revealed that one in ten young people have been rejected for a job because of their social media profile.
Yet worryingly the majority (two-thirds) are not concerned that their use of social media now may harm their future career prospects and are not deterred from using it.
They are also more likely to have altered their social media profile to look good to their friends, as opposed to prospective employers.
Better education of the impact of social media is needed, to ensure young people are not making it even harder for themselves to get on the career ladder.
Consumer confidence
At the top line level consumer confidence levels amongst young people in growth markets are twice as high as the UK and US.
Young Chinese and Nigerian consumers have the overall highest confidence levels, indexing at 39, followed closely by Brazil (37) then India (37). In comparison, Britons index at just 16 and the US at 19.
Future employment
Confidence in growth markets is fuelled by optimism about their future employment prospects, with 88% firmly believing they will get a better education than their parent’s vs their counterparts in developed markets (64%). They are also more confident about earning a higher salary (89%) where as young people in developed markets are less certain (60%).
How do brands maintain and increase in-store traffic in an era when consumers are more digitally connected than ever and continue to shift their shopping behaviors online?
Even though consumers are living in an age where the digital space seems to dominate the shopping process, the internet is not “taking over” brick-and-mortar stores just yet. Some brands are successfully supplementing the store experience with compelling digital technologies to offer consumers a complete omni-channel experience. Brick-and-mortar stores still add significant value to the shopping experience beyond the sales that occur in the store by helping to increase online and mobile sales.
During this webinar, we explored how brands can use digital solutions to drive in-store traffic:
-How stores are still crucial to driving online purchases and how the digital experience directly impacts store activity
-The importance of a physical and digital omni-channel strategy
-The top digital experiences, both in and out of stores, that are driving traffic and sales
-How to produce actionable insights that drive foot traffic and optimize the in-store experience
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
1RUNNING HEAD PERSUASIVE PAPER PART 2 SOLUTIONS AND ADVANTAGES.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
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RUNNING HEAD: PERSUASIVE PAPER PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND ADVANTAGES
PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND ADVANTAGES12
Should regulations regarding the use of cell phones while driving be standardized?
Introduction
Mobile phones have a vital role in our daily lives, but we need to limit the use for the safety of life and property of drivers, passengers, and the other people who use road. It is essential to create a law that covers the standards to create habits for the population because the accident’s rate due to the using of cell phone while driving is increasing every year. Each state has different regulations to use the phone while driving, so when traveling across the state, there may be confusion in the law. Standardized regulations that discourage use of cell phones while driving are effective in reducing road carnages.
History, status of issue, and overview
Cellphone uses is growing up every year, cellular service in the USA has grown significantly over the few years from 4.01 billion in 2013 to 4.77 billion in 2017 (Pew Research Center, 2018). The use of cellular phones in the automobile segment is one of the big trends related to technology adoption, which may divert attention from driving. Some states have taken legal action that prohibits the use of mobile phones while driving to limit and prevent accidents. However, with the limitations and lack of information currently available to enforce standards for not using cell phones while driving, passing the law is not enough, by itself, it will have a significant impact on the driver's use of the mobile phone. This may cause accidents to themselves and others. In fact, the use of phones on the car is important as well. The driver uses a mobile phone to report the accident and informs the police and firefighter of any issues that need fixing. However, cell phone usage while driving is an increased risk of car accident that could lead to serious injury or death. Numerous road accident causalities stem from the usage of cell phones while driving (Statista, 2017).
For example, according to The National Safety Council (2015) said 75 percent of Americans admit to using cell phones, and 30 percent is texting while driving and they also report that cell phone use while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year. In 2013, more than 3,000 died in distraction-related crashes and about 400,000 people injured in collisions involving a distracted driver (NSC, 2015). Therefore, comprehensive action must be taken on a national level to curb this reckless, potentially deadly behavior. Driving while using a cell phone incurs a higher risk of crashing, as same as to driving while drunk and should have the proper punishment.
Problems
The law is not yet comprehensive and not yet rigorous. Speaking on a cell phone or texting while driving has become commonplace for many drivers. However, many states are cracking down. In response to safety concerns, some states have laws but some not and there a ...
Use of mobile phones while driving now accounts for 1 in 4 road accidents. The Road Ahead looks at the issues and the facts and then offers a solution for employers and employees to implement.
1Running head PERSUASIVE PAPER PART3 POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES, A.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
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Running head: PERSUASIVE PAPER PART3: POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES, ANSWERS, WITH VISUALS
PERSUASIVE PAPER PART3: POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES, ANSWERS, WITH VISUALS14
Regulations regarding the use of cell phones while driving should be standardized.
Mobile phones have a vital role in our daily lives, but we need to limit the use for the safety of life and property of drivers, passengers, and the other people who use road. It is essential to create a law that covers the standards to create habits for the population because the accident’s rate due to the using of cell phone while driving is increasing every year. Each state has different regulations to use the phone while driving, so when traveling across the state, there may be confusion in the law. Standardized regulations that discourage use of cell phones while driving are effective in reducing road carnages.
Cellphone uses is growing up every year, cellular service in the USA has grown significantly over the few years from 4.01 billion in 2013 to 4.77 billion in 2017 (Pew Research Center, 2018). The use of cellular phones in the automobile segment is one of the big trends related to technology adoption, which may divert attention from driving. Some states have taken legal action that prohibits the use of mobile phones while driving to limit and prevent accidents. However, with the limitations and lack of information currently available to enforce standards for not using cell phones while driving, passing the law is not enough, by itself, it will have a significant impact on the driver's use of the mobile phone. This may cause accidents to themselves and others. In fact, the use of phones on the car is important as well. The driver uses a mobile phone to report the accident and informs the police and firefighter of any issues that need fixing. However, cell phone usage while driving is an increased risk of car accident that could lead to serious injury or death. Numerous road accident causalities stem from the usage of cell phones while driving (Statista, 2017).
For example, according to The National Safety Council (2015) said 75 percent of Americans admit to using cell phones, and 30 percent is texting while driving and they also report that cell phone use while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year. In 2015, more than 3,000 died in distraction-related crashes and about 400,000 people injured in collisions involving a distracted driver (NSC, 2015).
Therefore, comprehensive action must be taken on a national level to curb this reckless, potentially deadly behavior. Driving while using a cell phone incurs a higher risk of crashing, as same as to driving while drunk and should have the proper punishment.
The law is not yet comprehensive and not yet rigorous. Speaking on a cell phone or texting while driving has become commonplace for many drivers. However, many states are cracking down. In response to safety concerns, some states have laws but some not and there are many different regulati ...
2. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………..………………..1
I BACKGROUND………………………………………………………………………………………………1
A- Using mobile phones……………………………………………………………………….1
B- Using mobile phones while driving………………………………………………….2
II EFFECTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…3
A- Distractions…………………………………………………………………………………….3
1. Forms of distraction…………………………………………………………………3
2. Effect of texting……………………………………………………………………….4
3. Hands-free vs. hand-held? ………………………………………………………4
B- Effect on driving performance………………………………………………………..5
C- Effect on crash risk…………………………………………………………………………5
1. Studies & statistics…………………………………………………………………..6
2. Examples of crash problem size……………………………………………….7
III SOLVING THE PROBLEM………………………………………………………….………………..8
A- Legislation………………………………………………………………………………………8
1. Types and extent…………………………………………….………………………8
2. Public opinion………………………………………………………………………….8
3. Effectiveness……………………………………………………………………………9
B- Public education………………………………………………………………………………9
C- Technological Improvements…………………………………………………………..9
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………………………10
WORK CITED.…………………………………………………………………………………………………11
Cartoons images: www.cartoonstock.com
3. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
INTRODUCTION
During the last 30 years, mobile telephones have become a major source of
communication and an essential device for many people. Since car telephones that
appeared in the 1980s, the use of hand-held and hands-free devices has rapidly
increased.
Thus, using mobile phones while driving has become a concern in the field of traffic
safety. Now, the vast majority of drivers (60 to 70%) are using their mobile phones
while driving at least sometimes. (3: 16) Moreover, it is estimated that 20-30% of all
road crashes are because of driver distraction and inattention. (3: 9)
The specific purpose of this report is to identify some problems with using cell
phones and effects of that while driving. In addition, the report will discuss the extent
of this phenomenon and will suggest some solutions. I think this report should be of
particular interest to drivers who want to avoid dangerous traffic.
I- Background
A- The Use of Mobile Phones
The mobile has changed people’s lifestyles and ways of communication. It makes
daily communication much easier. Thus, we can communicate with each other
without having to be in a particular place. The trend of increasing ownership of the
mobile phone is clear all over the world. The number of mobile subscribers
worldwide was 1.5 billion in 2004. This number is increasing continually to more than
2.5 billion subscribers in 2009. (3: 13) In Europe, there are 478.4 million mobile
phones in use. That represents 103% of the population! (6: 2)
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4. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
B- The Use of Mobile Phones While Driving
At the same time of continuous increase in the number of mobile phone users, the
percentage of drivers using mobile phones in their vehicles has also increased.
At the moment, the majority of drivers (60 to 70%) are using their mobile phones
while driving at least sometimes. Many studies from different places give similar
results and estimate that 1 to 4% of drivers use mobile phones at any given moment
during the day. (3: 11)
The next table shows different studies and surveys taken from different sources:
Country By Found Source
USA Sundeen 2001; 70 to 90% of drivers in the US use their (3: 12)
Lissy et al. mobile phones at least some of the time
USA National At any moment during the day, 6% of (4: 1)
Highway Traffic drivers in 2008 were using hand-held
Safety phones and 11% were using any kind of
Administration phones.
UK Green Flag 78% of high mileage drivers said they (5: 3)
report used a phone while driving, compared (3: 13)
with 37% of all drivers.
Netherlands Barten et al. In 2005, 50% of Dutch drivers stated (6: 2)
2006 they use a mobile phone while driving.
Of these drivers, 75% said never to use a
hand-held mobile phone.
Saudi Self Survey Out of 67 Saudi drivers, 56 (84%) said
Arabia they use a phone while driving; only 3
drivers use free-hand phones.
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5. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
II- Effects
A- Distractions
The use of mobile phones in cars is one of many sources of driver distraction which
leads to crashes and injuries. Mobile phone use while driving can distract drivers in
several ways:
Physically: drivers have to use one or both of their hands to hold the phone,
dial a number, answer or end a call instead of focusing on the tasks required by
driving (e.g. steering, gear changing).
Visually: distraction caused by moving drivers' eyes from the road and looking
to the mobile phone to use it, especially, when starting and completing calls or
when seeing visual information (e.g. reading SMS). Further, even if drivers’
eyes are focusing on the road, they 'look but do not see'.
Auditory: drivers move their attention to the sound of the mobile phone or
conversation instead of sounds from the road environment.
Cognitively: That happens when two mental tasks are happening at the same
time. Instead of focusing on driving, drivers focus on the topic of the phone
conversation. Listening, alone, can reduce activity in the part of the brain
associated with driving by more than a third! (3: 24) (1: 6)
These forms of distraction can cause impairment in driving performance and increase
crash risk.
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6. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
2- Effect of texting
Many studies indicate that text messaging
while driving is more distracting than
speaking into a mobile phone. (4:3)
The dangers results from: increase mental
workload, impairment control caused by the
physical distraction, and visual impairment.
When text messaging, drivers spend 400%
more time with their eyes out off the road
than in normal driving! (1: 8)
3- Hands-free vs. hand-held?
Some drivers believe that using hands-free phones
could be much safer. However, the majority of
studies have proven that hands-free phoning does
not have a clear safety advantage compares to
handheld phoning. (3: 4) The driver response to the
events is impaired more than the ability to maintain
driving control. (1: 7) Further, the mobile phone
conversation itself can impair drivers more than
listening to the radio or talking to passengers. (5: 6)
The widely cited New England Journal of Medicine
study by Redelmeier and Tibshirani stated:
"We observed no safety advantage to hands-free as compared to
hand-held telephones … One possibility is that motor vehicle collisions
result from a driver’s limitations with regard to attention rather than
dexterity." (7: 5)
A similar conclusion has been reached by researchers at the University of Utah and
others at the University of South Florida. (7: 5)
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7. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
B- Effect on driving performance
What happens when a driver makes a conversation while driving? Many studies
provide a similar answer to this question: using a mobile phone while driving
negatively affects drivers' performance!
The following points are summary of the effects
of mobile phone conversation on driving
performance:
Slower reactions and more misses: The
phone conversation results in a significant
slow reaction. (3: 38) The probability of
missing important traffic signals is
increased. Another research shows that
reaction of drivers who are using mobile
phone are 30% slower than drunken drivers
and 50% slower than in normal driving
conditions. (1: 7)
Slower braking reactions: Studies show that braking reaction time is reduced
during an mobile phone conversation by 0.3 to 0.7 seconds; drivers brake
harder (they stop faster) with shorter stopping distances. (1: 7) (3: 38)
Other risky behavior: Studies have shown that mobile phone users wear their
seatbelt less frequently. It also show that risky behaviors, such as drink-driving
and speeding, are more frequently for mobile phones users. (1: 7)
"It also impairs: maintenance of lane position, maintenance of appropriate
and predictable speed and maintenance of appropriate following distances
from vehicles in front." (5: 6)
C- Crashes Risk
Experimental evidence shows that using a mobile phone while driving impairs driving
performance in many ways. The next question is: does using a mobile phone while
driving increase accident risk and if so, to what extent?
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8. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
1- Studies & statistics
The simple answer of the pervious question is: Yes! Many studies and researches
directly link talking on a mobile phone to increased crash risk. Here are some
collected examples:
Country By Found Source
Australia Institute study Mobile phone users 4 times as likely to (4: 1)
of drivers get into crashes serious enough to injure
(2005) themselves
many Different The estimated increased risk varies from (3: 22)
2 to 9.
USA Redelmeier,D. Statistical analysis indicated that the risk (5: 8)
A., (1997) was 4 times higher.
Taiwan IATSS, Int. Ass. Over 3,000 road accidents occurred (5: 9)
of Traffic and during 4 months period. 676 of them
Safety Sciences (22%) involved drivers who had a mobile
(2000-2001) phone in the car.
Norway Sagberg Using mobile phones increases the (7: 8)
likelihood of being involved in a crash by
about 1.7 times.
As the use of mobile phones is growing so rapidly, it is very likely that they will
become an increasingly common cause of road crashes.
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9. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
2- Size of crash problem
The information of the next table show how the size of crash problem is in many
places around the world:
Country By Found
Netherlands SWOV, Institute nearly 600 road deaths and in-patients per year
for Road Safety would be saved if mobile phone use while
Research driving could be abandoned completely
Sweden VTI, Swedish estimated that around 10-20 people die
Road and Traffic annually as a result of using a mobile phone
Res. Ins.
US HCRA, Harvard estimated that use of phones while driving may
Center for Risk cause 2,600 deaths, 330,000 intermediate to
Analysis major injuries, 240,000 minor injuries annually
Source of the above data: (1: 9)
Taiwan IATSS, Int. Ass. of between Aug. 2000 and March 2001, 2,407
Traffic and Safety traffic accidents caused by drivers using mobile
Sciences phones. These resulted in 14 people being
killed and 443 being injured
(5: 9)
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10. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
III- Solving the Problem
The mobile phone has become an important part of our everyday life. It is not
realistic to expect people to completely stop using mobile phones in vehicles. There
are many ways and ideas to reduce this phenomenon including: Legislation, public
education and Technological Improvements.
A- Legislation
Many countries around the world have introduced legislation to restrict the use of
mobile phone while driving.
1- Types and extent
• Banning hand-held phones: The use of
hand-held car mobile phone phones
while driving is illegal in over 45
countries around the world.
• Banning of hands-free phones: Safety
organizations have called for a complete
ban on mobile phone use while driving.
In Europe, only Portugal restricts the use
of hands-free mobile phones.
• Bans on texting while driving: Generally in Europe, texting is included in the general
bans use a hand held phone. In the US, texting is specifically banned for all drivers in
10 states. (1: 10-11)
2- Public opinion
Actually, there is a public feeling considering the dangers with mobile phone use
while driving and the need for restricting their use.
In 2001, a US Gallup poll found that 70% of the public supported a ban on handheld
phones use by drivers. (3: 42) Another survey shows that 88% of 1000 UK drivers and
motorcyclists said that using a hand-held mobile phone should be illegal and 45%
said that using any phone, hand-held or hands-free, should be illegal. (5: 2)
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11. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
In my own survey on the internet, 38 Saudi drivers (out of 66) support a ban on
handheld phones use while 11 drivers support the ban of using any phone. However,
17 drivers (25%) don't support the ban.
3- Effectiveness
Although some results in US, Finland, and UK shows that the short-term effects of
these laws could be significant and cause 50% reduction, (3: 48) (1: 18) (4:2) the long-
term effects is not very clear. After one year, the level of use could even return to the
same level as before the law. (3: 48) (4: 2)
However, two reports (McCartt & Geary 2004 and Horberry et al. 2001) indicate that
publicity campaigns could increase the effectiveness of legislation. (3: 48)
B- Public education
The public education on highway safety has a history of successes (e.g. campaigns to
combat drunk driving and promote seat belt use and driving within speed limits).
Recently, it has also been recognized that educational effort is necessary to promote
the responsible use of mobile phones while driving.
In the US, NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) begun to
introduce information and advices related to using mobile phone while driving. (7: 4)
Last year, in Saudi Arabia and Arabian Gulf countries, there was a campaign has a title
of "Don't call until you arrive".
In addition, some mobile phone providers and cars manufacturers launched
campaigns to increase the awareness of driver distraction risks. (6: 5) For example,
AT&T and Nokia advise their owners (in the manuals) never to talk while driving. (7:4)
C- Technological Improvements
Principle of "technology against technology" can be used here. Technology has the
ability to provide some solutions related to driver distraction problem.
Recently, new technological devices and phone applications are being made to
develop technology through GPS to block mobile use while driving. Some 2011 Ford
vehicles will be supported with a "Do not disturb" button to block incoming calls and
text messages. (2: 2)
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12. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
CONCLUSION
A mobile phone has become one of the most common devices present in cars today,
with more than two thirds of drivers using a mobile phone at least sometimes while
driving. Parallel with these increasing numbers and increased use of mobile phones in
traffic, the concerns about negative effects on traffic safety were also rising.
These negative effects on driving performance are caused by physical, visual,
auditory and cognitive distractions as a result of mobile phone use. In terms of crash
risk, there is agreement that drivers who use mobile phones have a 4 times higher
than drivers who do not.
The following are some recommendations that could better determine and control
the effects of mobile phone use on road safety:
Continuing enforcement and publicity will needed to increase the efficacy of
legislation.
Drivers need to be more aware of the dangers of mobile phone use.
They must be educated about the possible effects of distraction and their
ability to compensate for it.
Drivers should receive recommendations on how to deal with mobile phones
in their vehicle in case of emergency.
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13. Using Mobile Phones While Driving 093
Works Cited
1. Breen, Jeanne (2009). "Car telephone use and road safety" the European
Commission, June 2009
<http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/car_telephone_use_and_roa
d_safety.pdf>
2. Copeland, Larry. "Safety-driven software aims to block texting while driving"
USA TODAY. 7/21/2010 <http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/2010-07-
21-1Atexting21_ST_N.htm>
3. Dragutinovic, N. & Twisk, D. (2005). "Use of mobile phones while driving –
effects on road safety" SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research -
Leidschendam, the Netherlands, <www.swov.nl/rapport/r-2005-12.pdf>
4. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (2010), " Q&As: Cellphones, texting, and
driving" IIHS, January 2010
<http://www.iihs.org/research/qanda/cellphones.aspx>,
<http://townhall.townofchapelhill.org/agendas/2010/02/22/2a/2a-2-
cell_phone_driving_q_as-cell_phone.pdf>
5. Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) (2002). The risk of using
a mobile phone while driving.
<www.rospa.com/pdfs/road/mobiles/report.pdf>
6. SWOV (2008). "SWOV Fact sheet: Use of mobile phone while driving " SWOV
Institute for Road Safety Research - Leidschendam, the Netherlands,
<www.swov.nl/rapport/Factsheets/UK/FS_Mobile_phones.pdf>
7. Williams, John (2002). "Cell Phones and Driving" Minnesota House of
Representatives Research, Department October 2002.
<www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/cellphdrvg.pdf>
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