1 RUNNING HEAD: PERSUASIVE PAPER PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND ADVANTAGES PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND ADVANTAGES12 Should regulations regarding the use of cell phones while driving be standardized? Introduction Mobile phones have a vital role in our daily lives, but we need to limit the use for the safety of life and property of drivers, passengers, and the other people who use road. It is essential to create a law that covers the standards to create habits for the population because the accident’s rate due to the using of cell phone while driving is increasing every year. Each state has different regulations to use the phone while driving, so when traveling across the state, there may be confusion in the law. Standardized regulations that discourage use of cell phones while driving are effective in reducing road carnages. History, status of issue, and overview Cellphone uses is growing up every year, cellular service in the USA has grown significantly over the few years from 4.01 billion in 2013 to 4.77 billion in 2017 (Pew Research Center, 2018). The use of cellular phones in the automobile segment is one of the big trends related to technology adoption, which may divert attention from driving. Some states have taken legal action that prohibits the use of mobile phones while driving to limit and prevent accidents. However, with the limitations and lack of information currently available to enforce standards for not using cell phones while driving, passing the law is not enough, by itself, it will have a significant impact on the driver's use of the mobile phone. This may cause accidents to themselves and others. In fact, the use of phones on the car is important as well. The driver uses a mobile phone to report the accident and informs the police and firefighter of any issues that need fixing. However, cell phone usage while driving is an increased risk of car accident that could lead to serious injury or death. Numerous road accident causalities stem from the usage of cell phones while driving (Statista, 2017). For example, according to The National Safety Council (2015) said 75 percent of Americans admit to using cell phones, and 30 percent is texting while driving and they also report that cell phone use while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year. In 2013, more than 3,000 died in distraction-related crashes and about 400,000 people injured in collisions involving a distracted driver (NSC, 2015). Therefore, comprehensive action must be taken on a national level to curb this reckless, potentially deadly behavior. Driving while using a cell phone incurs a higher risk of crashing, as same as to driving while drunk and should have the proper punishment. Problems The law is not yet comprehensive and not yet rigorous. Speaking on a cell phone or texting while driving has become commonplace for many drivers. However, many states are cracking down. In response to safety concerns, some states have laws but some not and there a ...

1. 1
RUNNING HEAD: PERSUASIVE PAPER PART 2:
SOLUTIONS AND ADVANTAGES
PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND
ADVANTAGES12
Should regulations regarding the use of cell phones while
driving be standardized?
Introduction
Mobile phones have a vital role in our daily lives, but we need
to limit the use for the safety of life and property of drivers,
passengers, and the other people who use road. It is essential to
create a law that covers the standards to create habits for the
population because the accident’s rate due to the using of cell
phone while driving is increasing every year. Each state has
different regulations to use the phone while driving, so when
traveling across the state, there may be confusion in the law.
Standardized regulations that discourage use of cell phones
while driving are effective in reducing road carnages.
History, status of issue, and overview
Cellphone uses is growing up every year, cellular service in the
USA has grown significantly over the few years from 4.01
billion in 2013 to 4.77 billion in 2017 (Pew Research Center,
2018). The use of cellular phones in the automobile segment is
one of the big trends related to technology adoption, which may
divert attention from driving. Some states have taken legal
action that prohibits the use of mobile phones while driving to
limit and prevent accidents. However, with the limitations and

2. lack of information currently available to enforce standards for
not using cell phones while driving, passing the law is not
enough, by itself, it will have a significant impact on the
driver's use of the mobile phone. This may cause accidents to
themselves and others. In fact, the use of phones on the car is
important as well. The driver uses a mobile phone to report the
accident and informs the police and firefighter of any issues
that need fixing. However, cell phone usage while driving is an
increased risk of car accident that could lead to serious injury
or death. Numerous road accident causalities stem from the
usage of cell phones while driving (Statista, 2017).
For example, according to The National Safety Council (2015)
said 75 percent of Americans admit to using cell phones, and 30
percent is texting while driving and they also report that cell
phone use while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year.
In 2013, more than 3,000 died in distraction-related crashes and
about 400,000 people injured in collisions involving a distracted
driver (NSC, 2015). Therefore, comprehensive action must be
taken on a national level to curb this reckless, potentially
deadly behavior. Driving while using a cell phone incurs a
higher risk of crashing, as same as to driving while drunk and
should have the proper punishment.
Problems
The law is not yet comprehensive and not yet rigorous.
Speaking on a cell phone or texting while driving has become
commonplace for many drivers. However, many states are
cracking down. In response to safety concerns, some states have
laws but some not and there are many different regulations. For
example, there are 15 states that have Hand-held Cell Phone
Use law: D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands
prohibit all drivers from using hand-held cell phones while
driving (GHSA, n.d.). So, all are primary enforcement laws, an
officer may cite a driver for using a hand-held cell phone
without any other traffic offense taking place. Some states have
Text Messaging ban such as 47 states, D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam
and the U.S. Virgin Islands ban text messaging for all drivers

3. (GHSA, n.d.).
From the above it can be seen that each state has different
regulations, the regulations are complex and the rules are not
strong enough to make people obey the law. Many people still
do not understand the rules, so they are ignoring and still use
the phone while driving. Each state should make laws as
standard. It should be enforceable throughout the country and
has definitive sanctions, it will make people obey the rules.
Many people are addicted to the cellphones whether it's texting
message or using social media. The United States is considered
to have high access rates to social networks in the world while
the average global rate is 37 percent in 2017, the online use of
social networking in North America is about 66 percent but in
the United States is 81 percent of the population has social
media profiles (Kemp, 2017). This means that there are about
207 million social network users in the country in the year. The
figures show that the US has the third-largest user base in the
world, behind China and India but in the future, the number of
social network users in the USA is expected to increase by 217
million (Statista, 2017).
Someone is using the phone, not in the right place and not in the
right time like while driving. Using the phone while driving is a
distraction, it can result in consequences such as the cause of
the accident itself and may be linked to others as well.
According to National Highway Traffic Safety annual injury and
fatality report, report injury facts found that the use of cell
phones causes 26% of the nation's car accidents, only 5% of
cellphone-related crashes occur (NHTSA, 2017). The reason is
that the driver is texting and talking on handheld or hands-free
cellphones.
The use of different types of accessories that allow the rider to
use the phone without the need to touch the phone, such as the
use of Bluetooth to connect the phone to the car stereo. It can
reduce the risk of accidents due to physical factors and visual
factors. However, using an optional accessory will keep the
driver distracted and slow down the response to traffic signs,

4. and have a higher risk of accidents than those who concentrate
on driving. There is a risk of serious accidents as accessory
users have a higher chance of the accident than normal driving
four times, and those who do not use the device have a higher
chance of the accident than normal driving five times (CFSGB,
2017). It can see that the use of accessories that help the driver
does not have to use the phone while driving can reduce the risk
of physical factors, but the risk of accidents from distraction is
still high.
Summary
Most people want to use the phone, whether it's texting or social
media. If it is used both place and time properly, it will not
cause any problems. In response to security concerns, some
states and other countries have banned the use of certain types
of mobile phones while driving, but many states have not had
any restrictions. However, using the phone while driving is not
good even using the Bluetooth, using the phone while driving
increases the risk of accident than normal 2-4 times because the
driver distracted, and slow response brake pedal decision. The
controlling of the steering wheel when an emergency is slower
than normal 0.5 seconds and affects the visibility of the sign,
the traffic signs, even see the label but cannot remember the
details (Summala, n.d.). There are also many drivers who ignore
the rules, and it is still potentially dangerous for drivers who
are distracted and other people. Therefore, government officials
must act in a clear direction and do not allow the use of mobile
phones and text messaging while on the way. This regulation
will not only be a way to build a nation of safe roads, and it will
be an essential means to save thousands of lives. Enforcing
mobile phone use while driving across the country will reduce
the number of families suffering from negligence.
Detailed and viable solution
Governments should make every state a law to use the phone
while driving to standards, by requiring every state prohibit all

5. drivers from using hand-held cell phones while driving and
texting prohibited as a standard. Because of people addict to use
the social media, the government should issue support for
applications on cell phone that can reduce phone usage while
driving, such as SafeDrive. This application can help people
reduce their interest in catching the phone, which is enabled by
the app during the drive (Jolly, 2016). The message can be sent
back to the person who would like to contact you and it can also
send an auto message back that you are driving.
Advantages of the Proposed
Solution
Drivers’ Behaviors
There are numerous evidences that suggest that all-driver bans
on hand-held phone devices and conversations can have large
and long-lasting effects on drivers’ behaviors. In states where
these rules have been implemented, there has been a remarkable
reduction of drivers who talk on hand-held phones. In areas
such as Connecticut, District of Columbia, and New York, the
utilization of cellphones has reduced significantly from 24 to 76
percent within the last seven years since implementation
(McCartt, Kidd & Teoh, 2014). In all these jurisdictions, the
probability that the violators would receive citations is low, and
there are no cases of sustained enforcement campaigns
(McCartt, Kidd & Teoh, 2014). This is especially true when

6. high-visibility enforcements are introduced, since they increase
the rates of compliance with traffic regulations and policies.
After programs of publicized high-intensity enforcement of all-
driver cellphones and texting bans are implemented, the rates of
observed hand-held phone conversations have reduced in some
jurisdictions by as high as 57 percent in Hartford and
Connecticut. Therefore, standardizing these laws by making the
application of these recommendations across the whole country
can help to reduce possible driving accidents by increasing
compliance. The states that have implemented these legislations
have also recorded that law enforcers are challenged by the
prohibitions that apply only to teenage drivers. Usually,
secondary enforcement rules that require police to have some
other reasons to stop a vehicle before citing the driver for
violating the cellphone law, coupled with the challenge of
discerning whether a motorist is involved in an illegal act such
as texting.
Reduced Crash Outcomes
In jurisdictions where ban on use of cellphones while driving
have been implemented, numerous studies indicate a dramatic
reduction in road carnages and accidents. In states such as
California, Louisiana, and Minnesota, the collision claim rates
significantly reduced following implementation of these
policies (McCartt, Kidd & Teoh, 2014). As the number of
drivers utilizing cell phones while driving increases, the interest

7. in associating cell phone use while driving and road safety,
continues to increase (McCartt, Kidd & Teoh, 2014). As more
technologies, such as cameras, music, text messaging and
internet browsing become an important part of mobile devices,
they pose an even greater cause of driver distraction (Nikolaev,
Robbins & Jacobson, 2010). Towards the beginning of 2009,
more than 200 bills that sought to prohibit or restrict the
utilization of cellphones while driving are still pending in
almost 42 state assemblies, in spite of disagreements on the
dangers pose and the efficacy of enforcements (Nikolaev,
Robbins & Jacobson, 2010). There is need to develop a
standardized law that discourages the use of cell phones while
driving. Banning the use of cell phones while driving,
minimizes fatal automobile accident rates. In New York, the
number of fatal accidents reduced by 46 percent.
In 2001, New York became the first state to regulate cell phone
utilization while driving. While New York prohibits handheld
cell phone devices, it still allows drivers to engage in cell phone
conversations so long as they utilize hands-free devices (Noder,
2009). New York’s law also includes a provision that allows
drivers to utilize their cell phones to call relevant authorities
during emergencies (Noder, 2009). States that enact the same
legislations have the authority used by New York’s law as a
model for their legislation and essentially to incorporate the
same exceptions during emergencies. The proposed solution

8. helps to ensure that states that faced problems related to slow
implementation of policies can still enact the legislations
through a standardized approach that includes all the states
nationally (Noder, 2009). This is because although some states
successfully passed laws that address cell phone utilization
while driving, other states still find it difficult to pass these
laws that restrict cell phone use.
Benefits of Applications that Reduce Phone Use
One of the provisions of this policy is the use of applications
that discourage picking of phone calls while driving. This
software allows drivers to keep their hands on their wheels and
their eyes on the road by converting their messages into audio.
The app reads the messages and then informs them to the driver
(Jolly, 2016). This enables him to hear all the messages. While
traditional blocking is often effective, it is often better to
understand what other people want to say to the driver.
Sometimes, it could be an important message (Jolly, 2016). This
system also automatically identifies the name of the individual
seeking to contact the driver a message. In the process, the
system lets the message senders a notification that the receiver
is driving and cannot attend to the message right away (Jolly,
2016). Currently, this app is also undergoing modifications to
have the capability of notifying the parents who seek to know
how their children are driving. However, it can also be utilized
by anybody for blocking incoming calls, emails, and texts while

9. driving. The most attractive and efficacious feature of the app is
that one can never forget to turn it on, since it will utilize the
GPS feature of the cell phone to determine if one is driving.
Summary
Road crashes are some of the leading causes of deaths for both
adults and teenagers in the United States. Deaths and injuries
arising from road carnages are partly brought by widespread use
of cell phones while driving. In this respect, people who make
phone calls or send text messages while driving. Standardizing
legislations and policies aimed at discouraging the use of cell
phones while driving has various benefits. First, these rules
have been effective in reducing road carnages in areas where
they have been enforced. Therefore, it would be beneficial to
apply them across the country. In addition, these legislations
help to reduce the cellphone-using behavior, thus minimizing
road accidents.
References
The National Safety Council (2015). Cell phones are involved in
an estimated 27 percent of all car crashes, says National Safety
Council. Retrieved from
http://www.nsc.org/Connect/NSCNewsReleases/Lists/Posts/Post
.aspx?ID=9
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2017).

10. USDOT Releases 2016 Fatal Traffic Crash Data. Retrieved from
https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/usdot-releases-2016-fatal-
traffic-crash-data
Governors Highway Safety Association (n.d.). Distracted
Driving. Retrieved from https://www.ghsa.org/state-
laws/issues/Distracted-Driving
Statista (2017). Social media usage in the United States -
Statistics & Facts. Retrieved from
https://www.statista.com/topics/3196/social-media-usage-in-the-
united-states/
Pew Research Center (2018). Mobile Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/Jolly, J. (2016).
The best tech to prevent distracted driving. USA Today.
McCartt, A. T., Kidd, D. G., & Teoh, E. R. (2014). Driver
cellphone and texting bans in the
United States: evidence of effectiveness. Annals of Advances in
Automotive Medicine, 58,
99.
Nikolaev, A. G., Robbins, M. J., & Jacobson, S. H. (2010).
Evaluating the impact of legislation
prohibiting hand-held cell phone use while
driving. Transportation research part A:
policy and practice, 44(3), 182-193.
Noder, S. L. (2009). Talking and texting while driving: A look
at regulating cell phone use

11. behind the wheel. Val. UL Rev., 44, 237.
Heikki Summala (n.d.). Brake Reaction Times and Driver
Behavior Analysis. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233039156_Brake_Re
action_Times_and_Driver_Behavior_Analysis
Disadvantage such as emergency call, not be able catch the
people who talk or text on the phone.
Answer- restate your claim
Visual – by the time people less use cellphone while driving.
1
RUNNING HEAD: PERSUASIVE PAPER PART 2:
SOLUTIONS AND ADVANTAGES

12. PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND
ADVANTAGES
2
Should regulations regarding the use of cell phones while
driving be standardized?
Introduction
Mobile phones have a vital role in our daily lives, but we need
to limit the use for the
safety of life and property of drivers, passengers, and the other
people who use road. It is
essential to create a law that covers the standards to create
habits for the population because the
accident’s rate due to the using of cell phone while driving is
increasing every year. Each state
has different regulations to use the phone while driving, so

13. when traveling across the state, there
may be confusion in the law. Standardized regulations that
discourage use of cell phones while
driving are effective in reducing road carnages.
History, status of issue, and overview
Cellphone uses is growing up every year, cellular service in the
USA has grown
significantly over the few years from 4.01 billion in 2013 to
4.77 billion in 2017 (Pew Research
Center, 2018). The use of cellular phones in the automobile
segment is one of the big trends
related to technology adoption, which may divert attention from
driving. Some states have taken
legal action that prohibits the use of mobile phones while
driving to limit and prevent accidents.
However, with the limitations and lack of information currently

14. available to enforce standards
for not using cell phones while driving, passing the law is not
enough, by itself, it will have a
significant impact on the driver's use of the mobile phone. This
may cause accidents to
themselves and others. In fact, the use of phones on the car is
important as well. The driver uses
a mobile phone to report the accident and informs the police and
firefighter of any issues that
need fixing. However, cell phone usage while driving is an
increased risk of car accident that
PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND
ADVANTAGES
3
could lead to serious injury or death. Numerous road accident

15. causalities stem from the usage of
cell phones while driving (Statista, 2017).
For example, according to The National Safety Council (2015)
said 75 percent of
Americans admit to using cell phones, and 30 percent is texting
while driving and they also
report that cell phone use while driving leads to 1.6 million
crashes each year. In 2013, more
than 3,000 died in distraction-related crashes and about 400,000
people injured in collisions
involving a distracted driver (NSC, 2015). Therefore,
comprehensive action must be taken on a
national level to curb this reckless, potentially deadly behavior.
Driving while using a cell phone
incurs a higher risk of crashing, as same as to driving while
drunk and should have the proper

16. punishment.
Problems
The law is not yet comprehensive and not yet rigorous.
Speaking on a cell phone or
texting while driving has become commonplace for many
drivers. However, many states are
cracking down. In response to safety concerns, some states have
laws but some not and there are
many different regulations. For example, there are 15 states that
have Hand-held Cell Phone Use
law: D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands
prohibit all drivers from using
hand-held cell phones while driving (GHSA, n.d.). So, all are
primary enforcement laws, an
officer may cite a driver for using a hand-held cell phone
without any other traffic offense taking

17. place. Some states have Text Messaging ban such as 47 states,
D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam and the
U.S. Virgin Islands ban text messaging for all drivers (GHSA,
n.d.).
PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND
ADVANTAGES
4
From the above it can be seen that each state has different
regulations, the regulations are
complex and the rules are not strong enough to make people
obey the law. Many people still do
not understand the rules, so they are ignoring and still use the
phone while driving. Each state
should make laws as standard. It should be enforceable
throughout the country and has definitive

18. sanctions, it will make people obey the rules.
Many people are addicted to the cellphones whether it's texting
message or using social
media. The United States is considered to have high access rates
to social networks in the world
while the average global rate is 37 percent in 2017, the online
use of social networking in North
America is about 66 percent but in the United States is 81
percent of the population has social
media profiles (Kemp, 2017). This means that there are about
207 million social network users in
the country in the year. The figures show that the US has the
third-largest user base in the world,
behind China and India but in the future, the number of social
network users in the USA is
expected to increase by 217 million (Statista, 2017).

19. Someone is using the phone, not in the right place and not in the
right time like while
driving. Using the phone while driving is a distraction, it can
result in consequences such as the
cause of the accident itself and may be linked to others as well.
According to National Highway
Traffic Safety annual injury and fatality report, report injury
facts found that the use of cell
phones causes 26% of the nation's car accidents, only 5% of
cellphone-related crashes occur
(NHTSA, 2017). The reason is that the driver is texting and
talking on handheld or hands-free
cellphones.
PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND
ADVANTAGES
5

20. The use of different types of accessories that allow the rider to
use the phone without the
need to touch the phone, such as the use of Bluetooth to connect
the phone to the car stereo. It
can reduce the risk of accidents due to physical factors and
visual factors. However, using an
optional accessory will keep the driver distracted and slow
down the response to traffic signs,
and have a higher risk of accidents than those who concentrate
on driving. There is a risk of
serious accidents as accessory users have a higher chance of the
accident than normal driving
four times, and those who do not use the device have a higher
chance of the accident than normal
driving five times (CFSGB, 2017). It can see that the use of
accessories that help the driver does

21. not have to use the phone while driving can reduce the risk of
physical factors, but the risk of
accidents from distraction is still high.
Summary
Most people want to use the phone, whether it's texting or social
media. If it is used both
place and time properly, it will not cause any problems. In
response to security concerns, some
states and other countries have banned the use of certain types
of mobile phones while driving,
but many states have not had any restrictions. However, using
the phone while driving is not
good even using the Bluetooth, using the phone while driving
increases the risk of accident than
normal 2-4 times because the driver distracted, and slow
response brake pedal decision. The

22. controlling of the steering wheel when an emergency is slower
than normal 0.5 seconds and
affects the visibility of the sign, the traffic signs, even see the
label but cannot remember the
details (Summala, n.d.). There are also many drivers who ignore
the rules, and it is still
potentially dangerous for drivers who are distracted and other
people. Therefore, government
PERSUASIVE PAPRT PART 2: SOLUTIONS AND
ADVANTAGES
6
officials must act in a clear direction and do not allow the use
of mobile phones and text
messaging while on the way. This regulation will not only be a
way to build a nation of safe

23. roads, and it will be an essential means to save thousands of
lives. Enforcing mobile phone use
while driving across the country will reduce the number of
families suffering from negligence.
Detailed and viable solution
Governments should make every state a law to use the phone
while driving to standards,
by requiring every state prohibit all drivers from using hand-
held cell phones while driving and
texting prohibited as a standard. Because of people addict to use
the social media, the
government should issue support for applications on cell phone
that can reduce phone usage
while driving, such as SafeDrive. This application can help
people reduce their interest in

24. catching the phone, which is enabled by the app during the
drive (Jolly, 2016). The message can
be sent back to the person who would like to contact you and it
can also send an auto message
back that you are driving.
Advantages of the Proposed