1. New York A Story of Power Hannah DeWitt History 141

2. Economic CapitalThe Country and the City The economic capital of America-many historians believe that in any other country New York would have become the political capital as well. Then the stock market emerged The Stock MarketThe Country and the City The stock market began when Alexander Hamilton issued government bonds to reduce the massive debts New York had. It became a huge success and grew into what it is today.

3. Immigration CentralOrder and Disorder Immigration was massive Many American’s did not want as many immigrants Manhattan and the rest of New York became much more crowded and less peaceful Huge Irish discrimination was rampant- 1.5 million flocked to New York during the potato famine. They over-whelmed New York and changed the world. Three hundred people per acre resided in the slums. The Irish and African-Americans lived in the same areas. Irish worked for less than the Black population. They fought against each other for survival.

4. A PortThe Country and the City The first steamboats Regularly scheduled departures The Erie Canal brought massive wealth-millions had to come through New York Shipping costs were reduced drastically through New York

5. A CityOrder and DisorderThe Country and the City Irving was able to be the first author to live solely by his writings. Nicknamed New York, Gotham. Wrote a fictional history. People traced their families back to his pen name…a man who never existed. Manhattan became the biggest industrial city in the US For the first time, commuting occurred. There were areas of just business where no one actually lived. The first modern police department New factories, offices, and workshops First department stores First slums and suburbs The first modern, practical newspapers-papers could be bought for a penny and had interesting stories. They weren’t owned by a specific political party. There was very, very little park space-until land was bought and a contest was created to design central park to relieve people of industrialism and competition. The classes were to mix.

6. DeWitt ClintonThe Country and the City considered perhaps the most important person in New York’s history. Developed the economy and culture. Planned and developed the city. He organized the city on a grid. Built the erieCanal. The New Yorkers changed the geography of New York. It had never been done before at that scale. Most people thought it was crazy. Thomas Jefferson rebuked the idea. But Clinton was determined. He helped to design it and lead the project. He acquired private funds by promising to make money. He appealed to the citizens of his state. Together, they changed the world.

7. New York at WarOrder and Disorder A mandatory draft was issued-the rich could get out of the draft for $300, an entire years wages for many. New York sided with the union. The Irish didn’t want to fight because they feared emancipation for African Americans would take their jobs. Draft riots occurred. African American orphans were attacked. The orphanage was burned. Black citizens were murderedin horrendous ways.

8. A Merger That Puts New York on Top Manhattan had to originally compete for economic status with Boston and Philadelphia The port and capital markets gave Manhattan a head start Manhattan embraced new technologies and produced world-changing companies such as America Telephone & Telegraph and General Electric and eventually huge television networks. The media draw and advancement brought great profit and new business New York was able to feed off of innovation in other states, flourishing off of their success. New York finagled its way into controlling whatever was powerful at the time. However, technology has come back to haunt New York. It’s national advantages are being slowly eclipsed by the fact that anyone, anywhere, can have access to commercial development. Location is no longer an issue. New companies have arisen to challenge New York’s dynasty and have started to become successful. The economy has become electric, all computer and internet based. California has gained control of some of New Yorks assets, something that was unheard of before. The struggling economy has bought New York more time on top…but it may simply be borrowed time. A new economic leader could rise to the top in the future.

9. Chicago

10. The City in the Land of the Dollar Chicago Advancements Chicago grew quickly and adapted to new technology. Railroads, breweries, shopping, work, and innovation attracted American’s to this city. The first skyscrapers were created in Chicago and new inventions from around the world were quickly brought into the city. Skyscrapers made land more expensive which caused the city to change. People did not live in the commercial areas as they always had before.

11. The City in the Land of the Dollar Chicago A new city The city was split-the new “downtown” was where people worked and enjoyed themselves…but no one lived there. People lived outside of the city in suburbs. It was a new concept. American cities became unique and did not resemble cities anywhere else in the world. The city attracted people with its promise of work and technology. Chicago defined American architecture and design

12. The City in the Land of the Dollar Chicago Culture Soon parks were added in an attempt to bring culture to the industrial. They were beautifully constructed. The World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893 brought culture, inventions, travelers, and prestige to Chicago. It included massive fair grounds and the very first Ferris wheel. New buildings, theatres, exhibition halls, and a grand train station were designed by a series of leading architects. Landscaping and beautiful architecture harmoniously combined to create an exciting, new oasis. Beauty and peace was brought to the busy city.