This document discusses common non-metals such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur. It provides details on their states at room temperature and various important uses. Hydrogen is used to make ammonia and fuels, while nitrogen is used in fertilizers. Oxygen enables respiration and steel production. Carbon is used in pencils and filters. Chlorine bleaches and purifies water. Silicon is used in electronics. Phosphorus and sulfur are used to make acids that are important for fertilizers, batteries, and other chemicals. Understanding the uses of non-metals is important as they form the basis for many materials and industrial processes.

1. NON-METALS
uses
OF SOME
SCI 214 | INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PREPARED BY: ALJON F. FEGURASIN

2. Which of the non-metals
are you familair with?
Can you tell us its uses?

3. NON-METALS
Nonmetals can be defined as the elements
that form negative ions by accepting electrons
from other elements.
These elements are located at the upper right
corner of the modern periodic table.

4. NON-METALS

5. List of Some
Common Non-metals
Non-metal
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Carbon
Sulphur (Sulfur)
Phosphorous
(Phosphorus)
Silicon
State at Room
Temperature
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid

6. N + 3H 2NH
2(g) 2(g) 3(g)
• Hydrogen is used in manufacturing of
ammonia gas which is further used in the
manufacturing of urea (fertilizer).
• Hydrogen is a constituent of many industrial
fuels like water gas (CO + H2) and coal gas
(H2 + CH4).
Ammonia
NON-METALS
uses
of some

7. • Carbon can be used to make pencils when it
is in the graphite form.
• Amorphous form of carbon, charcoal is used
for ultrafiltration in modern water filters. Also,
it is used in refrigerators to control bad
odour.
NON-METALS
uses
of some

8. N + 3H 2NH
2(g) 2(g) 3(g)
• For the preparation of ammonia, and nitric
acid, nitrogen is used.
• Fertilizers contain nitrogen. It helps in plant
growth. It enhances the rate of plant growth.
Ammonia
NON-METALS
uses
of some

9. • Oxygen which is 21% by volume helps in
the respiration process. It is also used for the
manufacturing of steel and provides high
temperatures in the metal fabrication
process.
• Oxygen cylinders are used in hospitals.
Si + O SiO
(s) 2(g) 2(s)
Quartz
NON-METALS
uses
of some

10. • Chlorine is useful in removing stains and
colour patches as a bleaching agent.
Various graded plastics and insecticides
are made with chlorine. It helps in the
purification of water. Adding chlorine to
drinking water kills the bacteria.
• Helium is used as inert gas for scientific
experiments. It is also used in weather
balloons.
• Bromine is used in the manufacturing of
batteries, dyes, drugs and photography.
Silver bromide is used for photography.
NON-METALS
uses
of some

11. • Iodine helps to prevent throat
infections and is used as an antiseptic
on wounds and cuts.
• Fluorine is critical for the production
of nuclear material for nuclear power
plants and for the insulation of electric
towers. Hydrogen fluoride, a
compound of fluorine, is used to etch
glass. Fluorine, like Teflon, is used to
make plastics and is also important in
dental health.
NON-METALS
uses
of some

12. Si + O SiO
(s) 2(g) 2(s)
• Silicon is used in making transistors, chips
for computers and photovoltaic cells.
• Silicon is used in steel industry to deoxidize
steel and it produces high quality corrosion
resistant steel.
Quartz
NON-METALS
uses
of some

13. P O + 3H O 2H PO
2 5 2 3 4
• Most of the phosphorous is used for
making phosphoric acid (H3PO4) which is
used in the manufacturing of phosphate
fertilizers.
• White phosphorous as (P4S3) is used in
the match industry.
• Phosphates are added to the detergents as
they help in the removal of dirt from
soiled cloths.
Phosphoric Acid
NON-METALS
uses
of some

14. NON-METALS
• Sulfur is used in agriculture to control
fungus and pests.
• Sulfur is used in the manufacturing of gun
powder which is an intimate mixture of sulfur,
charcoal and potassium nitrate.
• Most of sulfur is converted into sulfuric acid
which is called the king of chemicals and is
used to make variety of other chemicals.
uses
of some
H S O + H O 2H SO
2 2 7 2
Sulfuric Acid
2 4

15. Why is it important to
know and be familiar with
the uses of non-metals?

16. NON-METALS
uses
of some
REFERENCES
• https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/uses-of-nonmetals
• https://periodictableguide.com/nonmetals-located-on-the-periodic-table/
• https://byjus.com/chemistry/non-metals/#List-of-Non-Metals
• https://byjus.com/chemistry/uses-of-nonmetals/
• Modulre 6. Metals and Non-metals. Science and Technology. p228
thank you