Uses and gratifications theory presentation for COMM 2010
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Uses and Gratifications Theory examines why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy needs. It attempts to explain the uses and functions of media for individuals, groups, and society. The theory posits that people use media sources to fill voids or satisfy needs like relaxing, passing time, entertainment, communicating with friends, or staying up to date. Critics argue there are too many meanings associated with key terms, and questionnaires are not reliable. The theory aims to understand how media gratifies needs, uncover motives for use, and identify consequences of use.
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Uses and Gratifications
Uses and Gratifications Theory focuses on what audiences do with media rather than what media does to people. It assumes that audiences are active, interpreting and integrating media into their own lives to meet their needs. People use different media sources to fulfill specific gratifications, and media competes with other information sources for viewers seeking to have their needs gratified.
Uses and gratification theory
The document discusses the Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT). UGT argues that people actively seek out specific media and content to fulfill predefined needs and obtain gratification. It views audiences as proactive in selecting media that meets their needs for information, entertainment, social interaction, and to relieve tension. The theory was developed in the 1970s and proposes that people use media to fulfill cognitive, affective, personal integrative, social integrative, and tension release needs. UGT differs from other theories by viewing audiences as active rather than passive in their media choices.
Theories
The document discusses several media theories:
1) Hypodermic or Bullet Theory proposed direct, powerful effects of media on passive audiences.
2) Individual Difference Theory argued people react differently to media based on their unique qualities.
3) Personal Influence Theory found opinions are influenced through interpersonal networks led by opinion leaders.
4) Cultivation Theory proposed long-term exposure to media shapes common beliefs about the real world.
Uses and gratification model
It discusses about the importance of the needs of people. How people are uses the media to fulfill their gratifications.
Uses & gratification theory
The Uses and Gratification Theory focuses on why and how people use media to satisfy needs and wants. It was introduced in 1974 and has three historical stages. The theory suggests that media users actively select media to fulfill needs like diversion, social interaction, identity, and surveillance. Critics argue it does not consider media influence and assumes free will, though its strength is emphasizing individuals' roles in media use.
Uses and gratification theory-presentation
The document discusses uses and gratification theory (U&G theory), which states that audiences actively engage with media to fulfill certain needs rather than media having a passive influence. It provides the historical background of U&G theory from the 1920s onward and outlines key reasons for media use including information, personal identity, entertainment, integration and social interaction. It also discusses how U&G theory remains relevant today due to concepts like interactivity and asynchroneity and the development of new media.
Candidacy Exam
The document summarizes Katherine Chuang's candidacy exam which analyzes social interactions in online health social networking. It outlines her research agenda, including examining how social media platforms impact health-related social support exchanges and the different roles and interactions that occur on health social networking sites. Her goal is to understand these dynamics in order to help design more effective online health communities and interventions.
Uses and Gratifications Theory
The document introduces the uses and gratifications theory, which focuses on why people use media rather than what media does to people. The theory proposes that audiences use media to fulfill needs and gratifications. It was first studied by Blumler and Katz in the 1940s and remains relevant today, though it has received some criticism for being difficult to determine gratifications and relying on surveys. Research into the uses and gratifications theory continues nonetheless.
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Uses and Gratifications
Uses and Gratifications Theory focuses on what audiences do with media rather than what media does to people. It assumes that audiences are active, interpreting and integrating media into their own lives to meet their needs. People use different media sources to fulfill specific gratifications, and media competes with other information sources for viewers seeking to have their needs gratified.
Uses and gratification theory
The document discusses the Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT). UGT argues that people actively seek out specific media and content to fulfill predefined needs and obtain gratification. It views audiences as proactive in selecting media that meets their needs for information, entertainment, social interaction, and to relieve tension. The theory was developed in the 1970s and proposes that people use media to fulfill cognitive, affective, personal integrative, social integrative, and tension release needs. UGT differs from other theories by viewing audiences as active rather than passive in their media choices.
Theories
The document discusses several media theories:
1) Hypodermic or Bullet Theory proposed direct, powerful effects of media on passive audiences.
2) Individual Difference Theory argued people react differently to media based on their unique qualities.
3) Personal Influence Theory found opinions are influenced through interpersonal networks led by opinion leaders.
4) Cultivation Theory proposed long-term exposure to media shapes common beliefs about the real world.
Uses and gratification model
It discusses about the importance of the needs of people. How people are uses the media to fulfill their gratifications.
Uses & gratification theory
The Uses and Gratification Theory focuses on why and how people use media to satisfy needs and wants. It was introduced in 1974 and has three historical stages. The theory suggests that media users actively select media to fulfill needs like diversion, social interaction, identity, and surveillance. Critics argue it does not consider media influence and assumes free will, though its strength is emphasizing individuals' roles in media use.
Uses and gratification theory-presentation
The document discusses uses and gratification theory (U&G theory), which states that audiences actively engage with media to fulfill certain needs rather than media having a passive influence. It provides the historical background of U&G theory from the 1920s onward and outlines key reasons for media use including information, personal identity, entertainment, integration and social interaction. It also discusses how U&G theory remains relevant today due to concepts like interactivity and asynchroneity and the development of new media.
Candidacy Exam
The document summarizes Katherine Chuang's candidacy exam which analyzes social interactions in online health social networking. It outlines her research agenda, including examining how social media platforms impact health-related social support exchanges and the different roles and interactions that occur on health social networking sites. Her goal is to understand these dynamics in order to help design more effective online health communities and interventions.
Uses and Gratifications Theory
The document introduces the uses and gratifications theory, which focuses on why people use media rather than what media does to people. The theory proposes that audiences use media to fulfill needs and gratifications. It was first studied by Blumler and Katz in the 1940s and remains relevant today, though it has received some criticism for being difficult to determine gratifications and relying on surveys. Research into the uses and gratifications theory continues nonetheless.
Focus group
A focus group is a group of people assembled to discuss and provide feedback on a particular topic. Focus groups are useful for gathering attitudes, feelings, beliefs and reactions from respondents in a way that individual interviews or surveys cannot. They allow for a multiplicity of views to be shared and for more information to be obtained in a shorter period of time compared to other methods. Focus groups are particularly helpful when power differences exist between participants and decision-makers, or when exploring the language and culture of particular groups. While focus groups can help generate hypotheses and develop survey questions, the findings cannot be generalized to the whole population due to the small number of participants.
Media dependency theory presentation
The Media Dependency Theory proposes that the more dependent an individual is on media to have their needs met, the more important media will be to that person. The theory was developed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur and is widely applicable today given society's overwhelming use of media. There is debate around what exactly causes media dependency, with some pointing to factors like age, occupation, or geographic location.
TV In the context of: “Uses and Gratification approach”
Uses & Gratifications approach arose originally in the 1940s and underwent a revival in the 1970s and 1980s. It presents the use of media in terms of the gratification of social or psychological needs of the individual (Blumler & Katz 1974). The mass media compete with other sources of gratification, but gratifications can be obtained from a medium's content (e.g. watching a specific program). Zillmann (cited by McQuail 1987: 236) has shown the influence of mood on media choice: boredom encourages the choice of exciting content and stress encourages a choice of relaxing content. The same TV program may gratify different needs for different individuals.
Personal Influence
This document discusses the personal influence that people have on how mass communications are received and their effects. It examines how interpersonal relationships and social ties can change the way individuals are impacted by media like movies, music, radio, and news. Through case studies, it explores how children who enjoy certain genres may seek out peer relationships related to that, how social pressure from friends can influence music interests, and how planned listening groups are more impactful than isolated consumption of radio broadcasts.
Knowledge gap theory
The Knowledge Gap Theory proposes that as the amount of information from mass media increases, those with higher socioeconomic status will gain knowledge at a faster rate than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. It predicts that both high and low SES groups will increase knowledge but high SES groups will increase more. Possible reasons for the knowledge gap include communication skills, existing knowledge, social contacts, selective exposure, and how media targets certain markets. While knowledge gaps may occur, they are not permanent, and can be reduced by certain conditions in content, channels, social factors, community structures, and individual motivation. The theory has been criticized for its traditional view of communication and for not ensuring the knowledge
Blumler & Katz
The Uses and Gratification Theory proposes that people actively seek out specific media and content to fulfill needs like diversion, social interaction, personal identity, and staying informed. It assumes that audiences interpret media based on their own lives and choose media that meets their needs. The theory focuses on how people use media in their daily lives to fulfill various gratifications.
Audience theories
This document discusses two key audience theories - the hypodermic syringe theory and uses and gratifications theory. The hypodermic syringe theory views audiences as passive, believing whatever they see in media without questioning it. The uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active, consuming media to fulfill certain needs like diversion, social interaction, identity formation, and information gathering. The document analyzes these theories in more depth by exploring their key assumptions and implications for how audiences might respond to different types of media content.
Key Theories
The document discusses several theories related to how consumers engage with media:
- Uses and gratifications theory identifies 5 common reasons people use media - escapism, entertainment, surveillance, personal identity, and public relations.
- Media dependency theory proposes that people's need for media is influenced by their circumstances rather than a constant dependency, and that media helps with social integration.
- Other theories discussed include reception theory, dominant ideology/hegemony theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and the two-step flow theory.
Two step flow theory
The two-step flow theory of communication was introduced in 1948 and proposes that information from mass media flows through two stages: first from media to opinion leaders, and then from opinion leaders to the general public. It was found that interpersonal interactions with opinion leaders, like friends and community members, had a stronger influence on public opinion than direct exposure to mass media. The theory suggests that most people are more influenced by the interpretations of opinion leaders than by the original media message. However, it has limitations as it diminishes the direct impact of media and does not account for two-way or reciprocal communication flows in the modern media landscape.
Audience theories handout blank copy 2
The Uses and Gratifications theory proposes that people actively seek out media and content to fulfill personal needs and desires. It focuses on why audiences use media rather than how media affects people. The theory views audiences as active, choosing media based on interests, background, and preferences to fulfill needs like information, entertainment, social interaction, and identity formation. Criticisms of the theory include that gratifications may be dependent on researcher input rather than subjects, different age groups have varying motivations, and self-reported data used in studies can be unreliable.
Uses of gratifications theory (2)
Uses and gratifications theory focuses on how audiences actively engage with media to meet their needs and gratifications. The theory was developed in the 1940s by Herzog and further expanded by theorists like Katz, Blumler, Laswell, and McQuail. It posits that audiences are not passive receivers of media messages but rather take an active role in choosing, interpreting, and integrating media into their lives. The approach suggests people selectively use different types of media to fulfill needs like information, social interaction, entertainment, and identity formation.
Uses and gratifications
This document summarizes the Uses and Gratifications theory, which considers how audiences actively use media to fulfill needs and gratifications rather than viewing audiences as passive recipients of media effects. The theory posits that audiences seek out specific media messages to fulfill existing needs in areas like information, personal identity, social interaction, and entertainment. It has been criticized for assuming media can satisfy needs rather than considering media may not actually provide gratification or that needs may be shaped by media exposure.
Uses and Gratification Theory
Uses and Gratification Theory focuses on what audiences do with media and how they use it to fulfill needs, rather than what effect media has on people. It proposes that audiences actively seek out specific media sources to satisfy needs, such as staying informed for social conversations. The theory follows a model where social and psychological factors motivate media use, which leads to certain expectations of media and eventual gratification. A related theory is media dependency theory, which explores how people rely on media to fulfill goals.
Audience theory uses & grat
The Uses and Gratifications theory proposes that audiences actively seek out media to meet certain needs, rather than passively receiving messages. It suggests people use different types of media for reasons like surveillance, correlation, entertainment, cultural transmission, personal identity, social interaction, and information. The theory sees audiences as active in independently deciding what media to consume and how to consume it based on their own motivations. However, critics argue the theory overlooks the power and influence of media producers in shaping audience uses and effects.
6.4 - Relationship between Producers and Audience.pptx
This document discusses the relationship between media producers and audiences. It begins by discussing how we should think about what people do with media rather than what media do to people. It then discusses two main concerns regarding how audiences engage with media texts: whether texts have a single meaning or multiple meanings, and what factors need to be considered in understanding a text's meanings. The document goes on to explain four communication theories - the hypodermic needle theory, reinforcement theory, uses and gratification theory, and two-step flow theory. It provides a brief overview of each theory, including their perspectives on audiences and influence.
Uses of Gratification Presentation
This document summarizes a study that examines why people use social media through the lens of uses and gratifications theory. The study identified ten common gratifications or reasons for using social media: social interaction, information seeking, passing time, entertainment, relaxation, communicatory utility, convenience, expression of opinion, information sharing, and learning about others. It demonstrates how uses and gratifications theory can provide insight into why consumers utilize social media and help businesses better market to customers.
media 1 essay 2 3 pages double spaces 12 pt.docx
The document provides guidelines for a 2-3 page paper on communication theories discussed in class. It suggests choosing a theory and applying it to explain how people use a particular media or the effects of a specific message. As an example, the document discusses the Uses and Gratifications Theory, which examines how the public consumes media to satisfy needs and desires. It provides the example of using Twitter to connect with friends while watching Dancing with the Stars for entertainment. Researchers have identified common motives like relaxation, social interaction, and escape that explain popularity and roles of different media.
Uses and Gratification Theory
The Uses and Gratification Theory proposes that people actively seek out media to meet personal needs and interests. It focuses on what people do with media rather than the media messages themselves. The theory views audiences as active in their media consumption, interpreting and integrating media into their own lives based on their thoughts, ideas, and experiences. Critics argue that the theory is too favorable to media and does not acknowledge the potential for unconscious media influence over audiences. It may better describe modern media consumption with more options that allow people more control over what they access.
Audience Theories: From Source-dominated to Active Audience Theories
A presentation done for the Media Theories class at Tallinn University.
Uses and Gratifications
Fraction of Selection
Demographics, Psychographics and the Uses and Gratifications Theory, Understa...
The issues of how the media affect people and what people do with the media have presented perennial and perplexing questions for communication scholars. Some of the research results in these areas are more controversial than useful. Uses and gratification studies straddle the two domains of media effects and people’s employment of the media. The field of gratification research holds great promise in the continual search for comprehensive knowledge on how and why we use the media. Drawing from a wide range of local and international literature, this paper presents a clear and concise review of the ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions of the uses and gratifications theory. Paleowei, Zikena Cletus "Demographics, Psychographics and the Uses and Gratifications Theory, Understanding Text and Preferences" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56314.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/56314/demographics-psychographics-and-the-uses-and-gratifications-theory-understanding-text-and-preferences/paleowei-zikena-cletus
HIi want this answer about this questions from this book chapter ,.docx
HI
i want this answer about this questions from this book chapter ,6,7,8,9,10 please use only this book to answers
TEXTS:
Milestones in Mass Communication Research:
Media Research, 3rd Ed.
Lowery & DeFleur ISBN 0-8013-1437-2
please i want ownwords ans rephrase sentances and easy verb also try to write exacly answer and omportant about questions please not longe answers
Discuss the concept that attitude and opinion change were considered to be measures of personal. This was because they were assumed to be enduring. Is this assumption still applicable today? Why and how? .(chapter 8)
In light of the information presented in “personal Influence: The Two Step Flow of communication (chapter 9)” “project Revere(chapter 10)” and several outside articles, discuss the concept of a “minimal effects” theory of mass media influence.
Persuasive studies have examined four basic area, the communicator, the message, the audience and audience responses to persuasive communication attempts, discuss the each of these concepts in light of the information in the text and readings..
A.
Why are new ideas so difficult to penetrate established social groups? Adoption concepts must move logically within society and must be addressed by significant subgroups of that society before they effectively penetrate the social consciousness of the larger population. What protects typically are followed and why do they indeed act as protocols? Please use your text material, outside readings as well as other information. .
Discuss the effects of negative appeals on persuasion. Hovland et al should get the discussion started.
5.
Discuss the concepts of message diffusion through society and address the processes involved: also, is the initial medium a determiner of diffusion. If so why or if not, why?
6.
Compare and contrast the two articles "communication research and the concept of the mass" and Demassifying the media.
7.
Discuss the concepts contained within the general thinking of the research Directed toward “uses and gratification” studies of the mass media.
8. The current reading addressed various of propaganda. The text addressed propaganda and the Video presentation also mentioned propaganda. Either by name or by allusion, identify propaganda, define pertinent terms discuss its functions and explain why propaganda and its evasion is an important area in media effects studies.
.
Key theories
Uses and gratifications theory proposes that media use provides five key gratifications: escapism, entertainment, surveillance, personal identity, and public relations. Media dependency theory builds on uses and gratifications theory by arguing that people become dependent on media to meet needs like social integration based on their circumstances rather than an inherent need for media. Maslow's hierarchy of needs also supports how people can fulfill higher needs like esteem and self-actualization through social media use.
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A focus group is a group of people assembled to discuss and provide feedback on a particular topic. Focus groups are useful for gathering attitudes, feelings, beliefs and reactions from respondents in a way that individual interviews or surveys cannot. They allow for a multiplicity of views to be shared and for more information to be obtained in a shorter period of time compared to other methods. Focus groups are particularly helpful when power differences exist between participants and decision-makers, or when exploring the language and culture of particular groups. While focus groups can help generate hypotheses and develop survey questions, the findings cannot be generalized to the whole population due to the small number of participants.
Media dependency theory presentation
The Media Dependency Theory proposes that the more dependent an individual is on media to have their needs met, the more important media will be to that person. The theory was developed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur and is widely applicable today given society's overwhelming use of media. There is debate around what exactly causes media dependency, with some pointing to factors like age, occupation, or geographic location.
TV In the context of: “Uses and Gratification approach”
Uses & Gratifications approach arose originally in the 1940s and underwent a revival in the 1970s and 1980s. It presents the use of media in terms of the gratification of social or psychological needs of the individual (Blumler & Katz 1974). The mass media compete with other sources of gratification, but gratifications can be obtained from a medium's content (e.g. watching a specific program). Zillmann (cited by McQuail 1987: 236) has shown the influence of mood on media choice: boredom encourages the choice of exciting content and stress encourages a choice of relaxing content. The same TV program may gratify different needs for different individuals.
Personal Influence
This document discusses the personal influence that people have on how mass communications are received and their effects. It examines how interpersonal relationships and social ties can change the way individuals are impacted by media like movies, music, radio, and news. Through case studies, it explores how children who enjoy certain genres may seek out peer relationships related to that, how social pressure from friends can influence music interests, and how planned listening groups are more impactful than isolated consumption of radio broadcasts.
Knowledge gap theory
The Knowledge Gap Theory proposes that as the amount of information from mass media increases, those with higher socioeconomic status will gain knowledge at a faster rate than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. It predicts that both high and low SES groups will increase knowledge but high SES groups will increase more. Possible reasons for the knowledge gap include communication skills, existing knowledge, social contacts, selective exposure, and how media targets certain markets. While knowledge gaps may occur, they are not permanent, and can be reduced by certain conditions in content, channels, social factors, community structures, and individual motivation. The theory has been criticized for its traditional view of communication and for not ensuring the knowledge
Blumler & Katz
The Uses and Gratification Theory proposes that people actively seek out specific media and content to fulfill needs like diversion, social interaction, personal identity, and staying informed. It assumes that audiences interpret media based on their own lives and choose media that meets their needs. The theory focuses on how people use media in their daily lives to fulfill various gratifications.
Audience theories
This document discusses two key audience theories - the hypodermic syringe theory and uses and gratifications theory. The hypodermic syringe theory views audiences as passive, believing whatever they see in media without questioning it. The uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active, consuming media to fulfill certain needs like diversion, social interaction, identity formation, and information gathering. The document analyzes these theories in more depth by exploring their key assumptions and implications for how audiences might respond to different types of media content.
Key Theories
The document discusses several theories related to how consumers engage with media:
- Uses and gratifications theory identifies 5 common reasons people use media - escapism, entertainment, surveillance, personal identity, and public relations.
- Media dependency theory proposes that people's need for media is influenced by their circumstances rather than a constant dependency, and that media helps with social integration.
- Other theories discussed include reception theory, dominant ideology/hegemony theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and the two-step flow theory.
Two step flow theory
The two-step flow theory of communication was introduced in 1948 and proposes that information from mass media flows through two stages: first from media to opinion leaders, and then from opinion leaders to the general public. It was found that interpersonal interactions with opinion leaders, like friends and community members, had a stronger influence on public opinion than direct exposure to mass media. The theory suggests that most people are more influenced by the interpretations of opinion leaders than by the original media message. However, it has limitations as it diminishes the direct impact of media and does not account for two-way or reciprocal communication flows in the modern media landscape.
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TV In the context of: “Uses and Gratification approach”
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Audience theories handout blank copy 2
The Uses and Gratifications theory proposes that people actively seek out media and content to fulfill personal needs and desires. It focuses on why audiences use media rather than how media affects people. The theory views audiences as active, choosing media based on interests, background, and preferences to fulfill needs like information, entertainment, social interaction, and identity formation. Criticisms of the theory include that gratifications may be dependent on researcher input rather than subjects, different age groups have varying motivations, and self-reported data used in studies can be unreliable.
Uses of gratifications theory (2)
Uses and gratifications theory focuses on how audiences actively engage with media to meet their needs and gratifications. The theory was developed in the 1940s by Herzog and further expanded by theorists like Katz, Blumler, Laswell, and McQuail. It posits that audiences are not passive receivers of media messages but rather take an active role in choosing, interpreting, and integrating media into their lives. The approach suggests people selectively use different types of media to fulfill needs like information, social interaction, entertainment, and identity formation.
Uses and gratifications
This document summarizes the Uses and Gratifications theory, which considers how audiences actively use media to fulfill needs and gratifications rather than viewing audiences as passive recipients of media effects. The theory posits that audiences seek out specific media messages to fulfill existing needs in areas like information, personal identity, social interaction, and entertainment. It has been criticized for assuming media can satisfy needs rather than considering media may not actually provide gratification or that needs may be shaped by media exposure.
Uses and Gratification Theory
Uses and Gratification Theory focuses on what audiences do with media and how they use it to fulfill needs, rather than what effect media has on people. It proposes that audiences actively seek out specific media sources to satisfy needs, such as staying informed for social conversations. The theory follows a model where social and psychological factors motivate media use, which leads to certain expectations of media and eventual gratification. A related theory is media dependency theory, which explores how people rely on media to fulfill goals.
Audience theory uses & grat
The Uses and Gratifications theory proposes that audiences actively seek out media to meet certain needs, rather than passively receiving messages. It suggests people use different types of media for reasons like surveillance, correlation, entertainment, cultural transmission, personal identity, social interaction, and information. The theory sees audiences as active in independently deciding what media to consume and how to consume it based on their own motivations. However, critics argue the theory overlooks the power and influence of media producers in shaping audience uses and effects.
6.4 - Relationship between Producers and Audience.pptx
This document discusses the relationship between media producers and audiences. It begins by discussing how we should think about what people do with media rather than what media do to people. It then discusses two main concerns regarding how audiences engage with media texts: whether texts have a single meaning or multiple meanings, and what factors need to be considered in understanding a text's meanings. The document goes on to explain four communication theories - the hypodermic needle theory, reinforcement theory, uses and gratification theory, and two-step flow theory. It provides a brief overview of each theory, including their perspectives on audiences and influence.
Uses of Gratification Presentation
This document summarizes a study that examines why people use social media through the lens of uses and gratifications theory. The study identified ten common gratifications or reasons for using social media: social interaction, information seeking, passing time, entertainment, relaxation, communicatory utility, convenience, expression of opinion, information sharing, and learning about others. It demonstrates how uses and gratifications theory can provide insight into why consumers utilize social media and help businesses better market to customers.
media 1 essay 2 3 pages double spaces 12 pt.docx
The document provides guidelines for a 2-3 page paper on communication theories discussed in class. It suggests choosing a theory and applying it to explain how people use a particular media or the effects of a specific message. As an example, the document discusses the Uses and Gratifications Theory, which examines how the public consumes media to satisfy needs and desires. It provides the example of using Twitter to connect with friends while watching Dancing with the Stars for entertainment. Researchers have identified common motives like relaxation, social interaction, and escape that explain popularity and roles of different media.
Uses and Gratification Theory
The Uses and Gratification Theory proposes that people actively seek out media to meet personal needs and interests. It focuses on what people do with media rather than the media messages themselves. The theory views audiences as active in their media consumption, interpreting and integrating media into their own lives based on their thoughts, ideas, and experiences. Critics argue that the theory is too favorable to media and does not acknowledge the potential for unconscious media influence over audiences. It may better describe modern media consumption with more options that allow people more control over what they access.
Audience Theories: From Source-dominated to Active Audience Theories
A presentation done for the Media Theories class at Tallinn University.
Uses and Gratifications
Fraction of Selection
Demographics, Psychographics and the Uses and Gratifications Theory, Understa...
The issues of how the media affect people and what people do with the media have presented perennial and perplexing questions for communication scholars. Some of the research results in these areas are more controversial than useful. Uses and gratification studies straddle the two domains of media effects and people’s employment of the media. The field of gratification research holds great promise in the continual search for comprehensive knowledge on how and why we use the media. Drawing from a wide range of local and international literature, this paper presents a clear and concise review of the ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions of the uses and gratifications theory. Paleowei, Zikena Cletus "Demographics, Psychographics and the Uses and Gratifications Theory, Understanding Text and Preferences" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56314.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/56314/demographics-psychographics-and-the-uses-and-gratifications-theory-understanding-text-and-preferences/paleowei-zikena-cletus
HIi want this answer about this questions from this book chapter ,.docx
HI
i want this answer about this questions from this book chapter ,6,7,8,9,10 please use only this book to answers
TEXTS:
Milestones in Mass Communication Research:
Media Research, 3rd Ed.
Lowery & DeFleur ISBN 0-8013-1437-2
please i want ownwords ans rephrase sentances and easy verb also try to write exacly answer and omportant about questions please not longe answers
Discuss the concept that attitude and opinion change were considered to be measures of personal. This was because they were assumed to be enduring. Is this assumption still applicable today? Why and how? .(chapter 8)
In light of the information presented in “personal Influence: The Two Step Flow of communication (chapter 9)” “project Revere(chapter 10)” and several outside articles, discuss the concept of a “minimal effects” theory of mass media influence.
Persuasive studies have examined four basic area, the communicator, the message, the audience and audience responses to persuasive communication attempts, discuss the each of these concepts in light of the information in the text and readings..
A.
Why are new ideas so difficult to penetrate established social groups? Adoption concepts must move logically within society and must be addressed by significant subgroups of that society before they effectively penetrate the social consciousness of the larger population. What protects typically are followed and why do they indeed act as protocols? Please use your text material, outside readings as well as other information. .
Discuss the effects of negative appeals on persuasion. Hovland et al should get the discussion started.
5.
Discuss the concepts of message diffusion through society and address the processes involved: also, is the initial medium a determiner of diffusion. If so why or if not, why?
6.
Compare and contrast the two articles "communication research and the concept of the mass" and Demassifying the media.
7.
Discuss the concepts contained within the general thinking of the research Directed toward “uses and gratification” studies of the mass media.
8. The current reading addressed various of propaganda. The text addressed propaganda and the Video presentation also mentioned propaganda. Either by name or by allusion, identify propaganda, define pertinent terms discuss its functions and explain why propaganda and its evasion is an important area in media effects studies.
.
Key theories
Uses and gratifications theory proposes that media use provides five key gratifications: escapism, entertainment, surveillance, personal identity, and public relations. Media dependency theory builds on uses and gratifications theory by arguing that people become dependent on media to meet needs like social integration based on their circumstances rather than an inherent need for media. Maslow's hierarchy of needs also supports how people can fulfill higher needs like esteem and self-actualization through social media use.
My second homework for communication class
Mass communication refers to communication activities of various media. There are several theories related to mass communication, including agenda setting theory, cultivation theory, and media dependency theory. Most scholars believe media effects are cumulative over time, though individuals have some control over effects and can choose which media to use. Media also help socialize children and may influence political involvement. Social networking services are a form of mass communication that enable connection across borders based on shared interests and encourage reciprocal relationships. However, mass communication can also manipulate audiences and tend toward biased perspectives.
World Civilization I Professor Cieglo Spring 2019 .docx
World Civilization I
Professor Cieglo
Spring 2019
“Cracking the Maya Code” Assignment (15 Points)
DUE Thursday, March 7th by 11:59pm on Blackboard
Link to Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQLG0RF5UZY
Link to Transcript: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/cracking-maya-code.html
Answer each of the three questions below with a minimum of 75 words per question (although you may
need more to fully answer one or more of the questions.) THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST BE SUBMITTED AS A
.WORD OR PDF attachment on Blackboard, or I will not accept it and you will receive a “0.” You can
number your answers 1, 2, and 3.
1) What was the common historical view of the Maya before their writing was deciphered?
2) How did the events of a) World War I and b) the Cold War influence J. Eric Thompson’s study of the
Maya? Be sure to explain the influence of BOTH World War I and the Cold War.
3) How did the decipherment of the Maya writing system change scholars’ understanding of the Maya
Civilization?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQLG0RF5UZY
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/cracking-maya-code.html
MK390 Marketing across Cultures – Individual Assignment 2 – 2018/19 – subject to external examiner approval
Tutors: Dr Keith Perks and Dr Carmen Lopez
Aims of the Assignment
· To enable students to learn about a new culture of their choice
· To explore the effects of a different culture on consumer attitudes and behaviour and how exporting firms can use this knowledge effectively
· To identify and review appropriate literature on culture and social media to apply relevant theories and concepts on consumer and exporting firms use of social media.
Assignment Brief
Select an overseas country of interest (but it cannot be the UK, your home country, or the main one selected for assignment 1). You should then address the following 4 points:
1. Based on the theories and concepts from the literature, describe, discuss and interpret what is known, in general, about consumers, customers and managers motivations and behaviour in the social media environment.
2. Using your research of what is known from the literature about social media discussed in point 1, critically evaluate and apply appropriate cultural theories and concepts to explain how and why they might affect motivations and behaviour in social media in your selected country.
3. From your findings discuss the implications of this knowledge of culture and social media for SME exporters.
4. Identify any future avenues for further research.
5. Conclusion
Marking Scheme
Marking criteria
Proportion of Marks
Secondary research
Use of relevant secondary data and research literature from a suitably wide range of sources, appropriately integrated, summarized and referenced (Harvard system).
25%
Relevant discussion, application and integration of knowledge and theories in the areas of culture and social media
Demonstration of a sound understanding of cultural .
Week 3
Uses and gratifications theory posits that people actively seek out media to satisfy specific needs. It is an audience-centered approach that focuses on why and how people use media rather than how media affects people. The theory identifies five main categories of needs that drive media use: cognitive needs for knowledge, affective needs for emotions, personal integrative needs for credibility, social integrative needs for social interaction, and tension-free needs for escapism and relaxation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs also identifies basic needs like food and shelter that must be met, as well as higher psychological and self-fulfillment needs that can motivate media use.
Critical Thinking Concepts
Here are the key points about your self-concept:
- Your self-concept scored 90 out of 120, which you consider a "fabulous" score, indicating you have a positive self-image overall.
- Positive qualities you mentioned include having excellent friends who care about you and having many interests and hobbies.
- Areas for improvement you identified are not enjoying school and feeling unhappy with your social life.
- You believe you can enhance your self-concept by improving your school experience through a better social life made possible by making more friends.
- You see technology as an important tangible value in your life that makes modern living much more convenient and connected.
In summary, while recognizing some aspects
dependency theory and Uuses and gratification
The document discusses two media theories: Uses and Gratifications Approach and Dependency Theory. The Uses and Gratifications Approach, introduced in the 1970s, views audiences as active users who seek out specific media and content to fulfill personal needs and gratifications. Dependency Theory, developed in 1976, proposes that people in modern societies rely on mass media for information needed to make daily decisions, and dependence increases as media serves more needs. Both theories are evaluated based on criteria like logic, consistency, testability, and simplicity.
uses and grats and dependency theory
The document discusses two media theories: Uses and Gratifications Approach and Dependency Theory. The Uses and Gratifications Approach, introduced in the 1970s, views audiences as active users who seek out specific media and content to fulfill personal needs and gratifications. Dependency Theory, developed in 1976, proposes that people in modern societies rely on mass media for information needed to make daily decisions, and dependence increases as media provides more central functions. Both theories are evaluated based on criteria like logic, consistency, testability, and simplicity, though they have also received some criticism for assuming audiences are completely active without media influence.
Audience theories handout blank 2
The Reception Theory proposed by Stuart Hall suggests that audiences can respond to media messages in three ways - preferred, negotiated, or oppositional. A preferred response means fully agreeing with the encoded message. An oppositional response means fully disagreeing. A negotiated response agrees with some aspects but disagrees with others, taking a middle position. The theory sees audiences as active in determining their own response, based on factors like their views, experiences, and demographics. Critics say encoded messages can sometimes be misunderstood, potentially causing problems. As an example, online comments on a news article show preferred, oppositional, and negotiated responses to the writer's opinions.
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原版制作(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证Offer一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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一比一原版（UCSD毕业证）加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：176555708】【加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证（UCSD学位证）成绩单】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：176555708】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证（UCSD学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校毕业证（UCSD学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
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校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
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CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
ABSTRACT: Security plays an important role in human life and endeavors. Securing information and
disseminating are critical challenges in the present day. This study aimed at identifying innovative technologies
that aid cybercrimes and can constitute threats to cybersecurity in North Central (Middle Belt) Nigeria covering
its six States and the FCT Abuja. A survey research design was adopted. The researchers employed the use of
Google form in administering the structured questionnaire. The instruments were faced validated by one expert
each from ICT and security. Cronbach Alpha reliability Coefficient was employed and achieved 0.83 level of
coefficient. The population of the study was 200, comprising 100 undergraduate students from computer science
and Computer/Robotics Education, 80 ICT instructors, technologists and lecturers in the University and
Technical Colleges in the Middle Belt Nigeria using innovative technologies for their daily jobs and 20 officers
of the crime agency such as: Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) andEconomic and Financial
Crimes Commission (EFCC). Three research purposes and questions as well as the hypothesis guided the study
on Five (5) point Likert scale. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the three
research questions while three hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Major findings
revealed that serious steps are needed to better secure the cybers against cybercrimes. Motivation, types, threats
and strategies for the prevention of cybercrimes were identified. The study recommends that government,
organizations and individuals should place emphasis on moral development, regular training of its employees,
regular update of software, use strong password, back up data and information, produce strong cybersecurity
policy, install antivirus soft and security surveillance (CCTV) in offices in order to safeguard its employees and
properties from being hacked and vandalized.
KEYWORDS: Cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyberattack, cybercriminal, computer virus, Virtual Private Networks
(VPN).
快速办理(worcester毕业证书)伍斯特大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(worcester毕业证书)伍斯特大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版（CSULB毕业证）加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：176555708】【加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证（CSULB学位证）成绩单】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：176555708】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证（CSULB学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证（CSULB学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证（CSULB学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理加州州立大学长滩分校毕业证（CSULB学位证）学位证【微信：176555708 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(AU毕业证)英国阿伯丁大学毕业证如何办理
AU毕业证文凭证书【微信95270640】《英国阿伯丁大学毕业证书原版制作AU成绩单》【Q微信95270640】《仿制AU毕业证成绩单英国阿伯丁大学学位证书pdf电子图》，A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
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6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
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二：真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明）使馆存档
三：真实教育部认证教育部存档教育部留服网站可查
四：留信认证留学生信息网站可查
五：与学校颁发的相关证件1:1纸质尺寸制定（定期向各大院校毕业生购买最新版本毕,业证成绩单保证您拿到的是鲁昂大学内部最新版本毕业证成绩单微信95270640）
A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。却也灵机一动立马仰起头双手拢在嘴边朝楼上大喊：“爸爸爸——有人找——那人一听朝山娃尴尬地笑笑悻悻地走了山娃立马“嘭的一声将铁门锁死心却咚咚地乱跳当山娃跟父亲说起这事时父亲很吃惊抚摸着山娃的头说还好醒得及时要不家早被人掏空了到时连电视也没得看啰不过父亲还是夸山娃能临危不乱随机应变有胆有谋山娃笑笑说那都是书上学的看童话和小说时学的不管如何父亲再也不许山娃敞开门坐到门口了父亲递给山娃钥匙说一出门就将门山
Using Playlists to Increase YouTube Watch Time
Discover how to use playlists to keep viewers engaged and increase your watch time.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/youtube/youtube-comments/
On Storytelling & Magic Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Shame, and ...
ABSTRACT: Salman Rushdie’s novels are humorous books about serious times. His cosmopolitanism and
hybrid identity allowed him access to multiple cultures, religions, languages, dialects, and various modes of
writing. His style is often classified as magic realism, blending the imaginary with the real. He draws
inspiration from both English literature and Indian classical sources. Throughout his works, there is a lineage of
‘bastards of history’, a carnival of shameful characters scrolling all along his works. Rushdie intertwines fiction
with reality, incorporating intertextual references to Western literature in his texts, and frequently employing
mythology to explore history. This paper focuses on Rushdie’s three novels: Midnight’s Children, Shame, and
Haroun and the Sea of Stories, analyzing his postmodern storytelling techniques that aim to explore human
vices and follies while offering socio-political criticism.
KEYWORDS : Magic Realism, Rushdie, Satire, Storytelling, Transfictional Identities
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Uses and gratifications theory presentation for COMM 2010
- 1. Uses and Gratifications Theory Deshaun Watson
- 2. What is it? Approach to understanding why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs.
- 3. Who uses it? Mass communication attempts to explain the uses and the functions of the media for individuals, groups, and society in general.
- 4. What’s the point? Media source they are using to fill a void or satisfy a need they are having. Those needs can be relaxing, passing time/bored, entertainment and need a laugh, communicating with friends, emotional feelings, or just staying up to date with today’s popular culture.
- 5. What the critics are saying.. There are too many different meanings associated with the terms “audience motives,” “uses,” and “gratifications” which has slowed unified theoretical development in this area. Other researchers say that this theory is not represented as a single theory. They call it the umbrella concept in which several theories reside. The uses and gratifications theory’s open questionnaires are not reliable for true data use.
- 6. What else about Uses and Gratifications.. There are three objectives in developing uses and gratifications theory: 1) to explain how individuals use mass communication to gratify their needs. “What do people do with the media”. 2) to discover underlying motives for individuals’ media use. 3) to identify the positive and the negative consequences of individual media use.