The document summarizes key aspects of USB (Universal Serial Bus) architecture. It discusses USB features like asynchronous communication, automatic attachment and configuration, and support for up to 127 devices through hubs. It also describes the four transaction types (control, interrupt, isochronous, bulk), packet types (token, data, handshake, special), and enumeration process when a new USB device is attached.

1. USB
Universal Serial Bus
Basic Architecture
Host-to-Device Connections and Transactions

2. Features
n Asynchronous serial communication.
n Attachment is detected and device is configured
automatically.
n Single standard connector.
n 127 devices can be connected via hubs.
n Three device speeds:
n Low (1.5Mb/s)
n Full (12Mb/s)
n High (480Mb/s)
n Power: 5V, 100mA-500mA
n Error detection/recovery is automatic.

3. Terminology

4. PC Host Software
(USB Communication Flow)

5. I/O Device

6. Multiple Personalities

7. Enumeration
n When a device is attached, the OS “enumerates” the
device, identifies its driver, and assigns an address to
it.
n In the numeration process, data structures (transfer
descriptors) contain information needed by the host
to generate transactions. This information includes:
n USB device address.
n Type of transfer.
n Direction of transfer (write or read).
n Transfer size (# of bytes).
n Speed.
n Address of the device driver’s memory buffer.

8. Enumeration Steps
n Getting the device descriptor.
n Setting an address.
n Getting the device descriptor again.
n Getting the configuration descriptor.
n Selecting the device driver.
n Setting the configuration.

9. Frames

10. The Fundamental Packet
n All communications on the USB are
organized into small packets.
n Four types of packets:
n Token, Data, Handshake, and Special.
n Each packets consists of 3 parts:
n Start (SYNC), information and end.

11. Packet Types
Ping
0100
Split
1000
ERR
1100
PREamble
1100
Special
NYET (No Response Yet)
0110
STALL Handshake
1110
NAK Handshake
1010
ACK Handshake
0010
Handshake
MDATA
1111
DATA2
0111
DATA1
1011
DATA0
0011
Data
SETUP Token
1101
SOF Token
0101
IN Token
1001
OUT Token
0001
Token
Packet Identifier
PID Value
Group

12. Four Transaction Types
Examples
Max size
HS
Max size
FS
Max size
LS
Important
attributes
Type
System
control
64
64
8
Quality +
time
Control
Audio, video
3072
1023
-
time
Isochronous
Printer,
scanner
512
64
-
Quality
Bulk
Mouse,
keyboard
3072
64
8
Quality +
time
Interrupt

13. Interrupt Transfer

14. Isochronous Transfer

15. Control Transfer