During the Gilded Age from 1877 to 1900, industrialization corrupted politics and harmed farmers, leading to the formation of the Populist Party. Civil rights made little progress as Jim Crow laws segregated blacks and whites. Chinese and Mexican immigrants also faced segregation and lacked rights. Women sought more political and social rights by forming unions and movements but met little success. Corrupt politics involved industries bribing politicians while hardworking conditions for many remained poor. Economic issues like the tariff divided politicians and led independent parties to form around monetary policy debates. Farmers struggled with low crop prices and high transportation costs, driving many into debt and fueling the Populist movement.
