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Urbanization
This document discusses the benefits and challenges of urbanization. The benefits include more job opportunities compared to rural areas, reduced pollution through compact development, and improved living conditions with access to public transportation and city services. However, urbanization also presents challenges like stress on city services, transportation problems, increased pollution, and poverty. It then outlines approaches for community-based development projects that focus on improving unemployment, the environment, and living conditions through neighborhood committees and community facilities. The Bronx Center Project is highlighted as an example that used multi-disciplinary problem solving and community-based planning to rehabilitate existing institutions, add low-rise housing, and improve transportation and health services facilities.
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Urbanization
- 1. URBANIZATION Joannie Johnson SCI/275 ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE February 5, 2012 THOMAS LAWSON
- 2. BENEFITS Rural areahave less jobs Pollution elimination and preservation Compact development Living conditions Public transportation
- 3. URBANIZATION CHALLENGES City services Medical care Transportation Education Pollution Employment Poverty
- 4. INSTITUTIONALIZING COMMUNITY- BASED DEVELOPMENT Unemployment, poverty, environment degradation focus Neighborhood committees Living condition and economic situation improvement Community facilities and services Health CDQ
- 5. “DON’T MOVE, IMPROVE” Multi-discipline The Bronx Problem solving Center Community based planning Project Building restoration
- 6. THE BRONX CENTERPROJECT, CONTINUED Low and mid-rise construction Community-based health services facilities Existing institution rehabilitation Improved transportation and recreational facilities Job training and creation
- 7. References MOST Clearing House.(n.d.). Institutionalizing Community-Based Development. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from http://www.unesco.org/most http://www.unesco.org/most/africa17.htm MOST Clearing House. (n.d.). The Bronx Center Project - "Don't Move, Improve". Retrieved December 3, 2009, from http://www.unesco.org/most http://www.unesco.org/most/usa1.htm
Editor's Notes
- #3 Approximately 79% of people in the United States lives in urbanized areas (cities) which is a rural piece of land that has been transformed into an urban area; also call urbanization. Urban area population consists of at least 2,500 citizens. Urban areas offer more jobs than rural areas which may include areas such as education, industry, and economic development. If an urban area is planned well, it will benefit the environment with less pollution and preservation of the rural land. Compact development, which is a multiple-unit residential building located near shopping centers and jobs with a close connection to public transportation, offer fewer parking lots, facilities, and highways as there is less distance regardless of walking, bicycling, or public transportation. The compact lifestyle poses a result of additional parks, housing, and businesses.
- #4 Urbanization does have its challenges; as the population increases, the benefits of city living decline. As population increases, so do the resident needs in terms of housing, transportation, education, health care and employment. Water, sewage, and disposal become problematic; all of which may result in poverty, pollution, and unemployment resulting from over- populating. Over-population results in the need for expansion causing the depletion of farmland and replaced with additional buildings and foundations as the urban area is expanded. Additionally, this destroys natural habitats of animals and wildlife.
- #5 Adjame Mayor, Abidjan, chose his focus toward unemployment, environmental degradation, and poverty. Neighborhood committees, also known as CDQ’s, were set in place to obtain and use energy and resources from the local areas and direct the efforts toward the improvement of the living conditions and economic situation. CDQ activities range from improvements to the environment by providing sanitary settings from housing to community facilities and services. It promotes self-improvements and reliance economically within the communities. Additionally, CDQ activities included cleaning the streets, collection of garbage, and security. Furthermore, improvement to the roads, storm drains, and street lighting were tackled. In 1995, the first health facility was opened and managed by the CDQ, and began encouraging young Ivoirians’ by providing training programs to begin new businesses.
- #6 The Bronx Center project included revitalizing 300 blocks and included the following projects: development of the economy, health services, housing, transportation, etc. Four points of the project engaged desires, hopes, and values of each partipant in planning and implementing phases:Planning must be community oriented because it promises the long-term benefits for the community.It must form physical renewal at every stage and must be interdisciplinary, comprehensive, and integrated. The Bronx must be an economic for the area which will influence the area beyond the norm. The Bronx must be held by a community participation process which develops a civic duty and rebuilds public life.
- #7 The Bronx Center formation has created an exchange for job security and landmark rehabilitation. Furthermore, it proposed an idea for additional retail, education buildings, library and literacy services, and City’s Supreme Court Complex building plan educational opportunities. Additionally, it designed and constructed a senior citizens facility through a HUD grant.