This document summarizes the United Nations E-Government Survey 2012. The key points are:
1) The survey ranks 193 UN member states on their e-government development and analyzes global and regional trends in online service delivery.
2) South Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Canada are the top 5 performers in e-government development. Developing countries are progressing but still lag behind developed nations.
3) Online services are becoming more sophisticated, with many countries improving multichannel access and efforts to bridge digital divides. However, increasing actual usage of services remains a challenge.
4) A whole-of-government approach to integrated service delivery is seen as important but
The 2010 United Nations e-Government SurveyVictor Gridnev
This document discusses the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and its role in compiling data, facilitating negotiations between member states, and advising governments. It works in three main areas: compiling and analyzing economic, social, and environmental data for member states; facilitating negotiations between member states on global challenges; and advising governments on implementing policies from UN conferences at the national level through technical assistance. The document provides background information on DESA and its functions within the UN system.
UN Survey: Full findings of the 2010 United Nations E-Government Survey have now been published, including chapters on citizen empowerment, the role of e-government in financial regulation, electronic service delivery, and methods of measuring e-government.
This document is the United Nations E-Government Survey 2012. It discusses how e-government can advance sustainable development and be more responsive, citizen-centric, and socially inclusive. The survey found that while e-government has helped promote transparency and accountability, more needs to be done to reduce digital divides and increase access for vulnerable groups. Cooperation between governments, funding, and innovations like mobile services will help e-government better serve people.
This publication provides an overview of 145 successful innovations in governance and public administration from 50 countries that received the United Nations Public Service Awards, which is the most prestigious international recognition of excellence in public service. The purpose of this book is to disseminate, through descriptive case studies, information about innovative practices by looking at the problem that led to an innovation; the solution that was designed and implemented to respond to the specific challenge; the actors and steps involved in the innovation process, and lessons learned. Learning more about how public institutions from around the world have solved difficult governance challenges can be a powerful and inspirational tool for those engaged in improving public sector performance.
The official report of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "Engaging Citizens to Enhance Public Sector Accountability and Prevent Corruption in the Delivery of Public Services" is now available for viewing and download. The EGM was held from 7 to 8 July 2011 at United Nations Headquarters, Vienna.
The outcomes of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "E-Procurement Towards Transparency and Efficiency in Public Service Delivery" held from 4 to 5 October 2011 at United Nations Headquarters, New York, are now available. The concept paper presents an option to the UN for moving towards the development of a Knowledge Guide on E-procurement to assist member states in better understanding the challenges and issues associated with the implementation of an e-procurement program within their individual jurisdictions.
This document is the United Nations E-Government Survey 2014. It begins with information about the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, which conducted the survey. It then lists previous UN e-government surveys and provides website links for more information. The front cover drawing was created by an intern at the UN Division for Public Administration and Development Management. The survey examines how countries are using information and communication technologies, such as e-government, to achieve sustainable development goals and more effective, transparent and accountable governance. It acknowledges the contributions of numerous individuals and organizations involved in the research.
The document discusses open government and the role of open data. It provides an overview of freedom of information and data privacy legislation around the world, noting that Europe leads in these areas. It also examines open government data catalogues and e-participation/e-government indices by region. Key challenges discussed are ensuring adequate "openness" while meeting growing citizen expectations and addressing digital divides. The document advocates moving forward with demand-driven, high-quality open data and services to help create a culture of open government.
The 2010 United Nations e-Government SurveyVictor Gridnev
This document discusses the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and its role in compiling data, facilitating negotiations between member states, and advising governments. It works in three main areas: compiling and analyzing economic, social, and environmental data for member states; facilitating negotiations between member states on global challenges; and advising governments on implementing policies from UN conferences at the national level through technical assistance. The document provides background information on DESA and its functions within the UN system.
UN Survey: Full findings of the 2010 United Nations E-Government Survey have now been published, including chapters on citizen empowerment, the role of e-government in financial regulation, electronic service delivery, and methods of measuring e-government.
This document is the United Nations E-Government Survey 2012. It discusses how e-government can advance sustainable development and be more responsive, citizen-centric, and socially inclusive. The survey found that while e-government has helped promote transparency and accountability, more needs to be done to reduce digital divides and increase access for vulnerable groups. Cooperation between governments, funding, and innovations like mobile services will help e-government better serve people.
This publication provides an overview of 145 successful innovations in governance and public administration from 50 countries that received the United Nations Public Service Awards, which is the most prestigious international recognition of excellence in public service. The purpose of this book is to disseminate, through descriptive case studies, information about innovative practices by looking at the problem that led to an innovation; the solution that was designed and implemented to respond to the specific challenge; the actors and steps involved in the innovation process, and lessons learned. Learning more about how public institutions from around the world have solved difficult governance challenges can be a powerful and inspirational tool for those engaged in improving public sector performance.
The official report of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "Engaging Citizens to Enhance Public Sector Accountability and Prevent Corruption in the Delivery of Public Services" is now available for viewing and download. The EGM was held from 7 to 8 July 2011 at United Nations Headquarters, Vienna.
The outcomes of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "E-Procurement Towards Transparency and Efficiency in Public Service Delivery" held from 4 to 5 October 2011 at United Nations Headquarters, New York, are now available. The concept paper presents an option to the UN for moving towards the development of a Knowledge Guide on E-procurement to assist member states in better understanding the challenges and issues associated with the implementation of an e-procurement program within their individual jurisdictions.
This document is the United Nations E-Government Survey 2014. It begins with information about the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, which conducted the survey. It then lists previous UN e-government surveys and provides website links for more information. The front cover drawing was created by an intern at the UN Division for Public Administration and Development Management. The survey examines how countries are using information and communication technologies, such as e-government, to achieve sustainable development goals and more effective, transparent and accountable governance. It acknowledges the contributions of numerous individuals and organizations involved in the research.
The document discusses open government and the role of open data. It provides an overview of freedom of information and data privacy legislation around the world, noting that Europe leads in these areas. It also examines open government data catalogues and e-participation/e-government indices by region. Key challenges discussed are ensuring adequate "openness" while meeting growing citizen expectations and addressing digital divides. The document advocates moving forward with demand-driven, high-quality open data and services to help create a culture of open government.
The document is the 2014 United Nations E-Government Survey. It provides an overview and analysis of global trends in e-government development based on data collected from 193 UN member states. Key findings of the Survey include:
- Estonia, Australia, and the Republic of Korea ranked as the top three countries in the UN's E-Government Development Index, which measures the willingness and capacity of countries to use online services.
- While developed countries continue to lead in e-government development, developing countries are narrowing the gap, with some upper-middle income countries performing better than some developed nations.
- Regional analyses show varying levels of e-government development across different world regions, with Europe and Asia
The official report of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "Developing Institutional Capacities of Public Administration for the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Post Conflict and Crisis Situations: Challenges, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned in Preparedness, Prevention, and Reconstruction " is now available for viewing and download. The EGM was held in June 2010 at
United Nations Headquarters, New York.
This document is the 2018 United Nations E-Government Survey which examines how digital technologies are impacting governments and citizens. The survey assesses global e-government trends and analyzes case studies of how countries are using digital technologies to become more sustainable and resilient. While connectivity and access to technologies have increased overall, some regions and countries still lag behind, especially in Africa and small island developing states. Ensuring inclusive access while mitigating risks from new technologies like artificial intelligence is an ongoing challenge for governments.
This document summarizes upcoming events related to sustainable development and the post-2015 development agenda. It discusses a Google+ Hangout on June 6th featuring Geena Davis to empower young women through technology. It also summarizes the one-year anniversary of the Rio+20 conference that will be marked by a Google+ event on June 13th. Finally, it provides information about the UN Public Service Forum and Awards Ceremony taking place from June 24-27th in Bahrain to recognize excellence in public service.
E-government—digital interactions between governments and people—varies greatly among and within regions, but most countries are making progress on providing greater access, according to the 2014 UN E-Government Survey launched today. The findings show that the Republic of Korea tops the global e-government ranking, and that Europe remains first among regions.
The report also shows that many countries are expanding electronic participation, utilizing more mobile and social media tools, expanding usage and making more government data available online. However, challenges remain, such as lack of resources, digital inequalities and a lack of leadership for e-government.
“E-government holds tremendous potential to improve the way that governments deliver public services and enhance broad stakeholder involvement in public service,” said Wu Hongbo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs and Secretary-General for the International Conference on Small Island Developing States.
For more information: http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb#.U7HG_PldVlq
These slides are prepared for students of computer engineering at the National School of Applied Sciences in Safi for the school-year 2014-2015 (Professional Bachelor).
The document is the World Disasters Report 2013, which focuses on technology and the future of humanitarian action. It explores how information and communication technologies can help humanitarian organizations, governments, and communities prepare for and respond to disasters. The report examines how technologies can help put communities at the center of humanitarian response. It also considers the challenges of technologies, such as reducing direct interaction between aid workers and communities. The report argues for more systematic evaluation of how technologies contribute to humanitarian action.
This is a talk being given at the Royal College of Art in London on Monday 28th Nov. As part of the 'Intersections' lecture series it aims to highlight how bringing together different perspectives from around the world can help us see things differently and hopefully uncover new challenges and opportunities. For more details of the event see https://www.rca.ac.uk/news-and-events/events/intersections-lecture-series-dr-tim-jones-understanding-uncertainty-gaining-global-perspective/
The UN Commission for Social Development will meet from February 6-15 with a focus on empowering people to achieve poverty eradication, social integration, and full employment. The Commission provides an important platform for shaping social policies and helped identify poverty eradication as a key goal at the 1995 World Summit on Social Development. A Civil Society Forum will be held prior to the Commission meeting to discuss empowerment and the post-2015 development agenda. The UN Statistical Commission will also meet in February to discuss improving global development data on topics like health, the economy, and tracking progress on the Millennium Development Goals.
Future Agenda are delighted to share this initial perspective on the future civic role of arts and arts organisations. The topic will be explored at a London event in June, hosted by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. The event is part of a wider enquiry by Calouste Gulbenkian into the future civic role of arts and comments are very welcome here on slideshare.
New Technologies in Humanitarian Emergencies and ConflictsDr. Chris Stout
By Diane Coyle and Patrick Meier
About the UN Foundation and The Vodafone Foundation Partnership
The United Nations Foundation & Vodafone Foundation Technology Partnership is a leading public-private alliance
using technology programs to strengthen the UN’s humanitarian efforts worldwide. Created in October 2005 with
a £10 million commitment from The Vodafone Foundation matched by £5 million from the UN Foundation.
The Technology Partnership has three core areas of focus: (1) to strengthen communications in humanitarian
emergencies though capacity building and support for disaster response missions that connect disaster relief
workers and affected families; (2) to support the development of mobile health (mHealth) programs that tackle
critical public health challenges and improve public health systems, decision-making and, ultimately, patient
outcomes; and (3) to promote research and innovation using technology as a tool for international development.
The UN Foundation and The Vodafone Foundation are among the founding partners of the mHealth Alliance.
More information about the Technology Partnership can be found at: www.unfoundation.org/vodafone.
Significant gaps remain in delivering on the commitments in the areas of aid, trade, debt relief, and access to new technologies and to affordable essential medicines. A number of crucial commitments that were supposed to have been reached by 2010, including increased aid volume, improved aid effectiveness, and the conclusion of the Doha Round of trade negotiations, have not been met. The MDG Gap Task Force Report 2011 monitors the progress made in achieving the targets of MDG 8, including continued attention to the impact of the global crisis on meeting the targets set under MDG 8 and embedding any new commitments resulting from the High-level Plenary Meeting of the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly on the MDGs into the monitoring process. Policy coherence is a central theme of the 2011 issue of the Report paying attention not only to issues of coherence across the various dimensions of the global partnerships, but also on the extent to which those partnerships are aligned behind national development strategies for achieving the MDGs. The adequacy of international support measures especially for least developed countries, particularly with regards to trade preferences and debt relief are analysed. With less than four years left until the 2015 deadline to deliver on the commitments contained in the MDGs, the 2011 Report provides recommendations to all major stakeholders on how to address the remaining implementation gaps.
Future Risk - Emerging global and corporate challenges 05 02 17Future Agenda
Over the past few months we have been running a number of workshops focused on helping organisations to identify and develop responses to emerging global and corporate risks. Working with companies, government agencies and advisory groups, we have been interrogating the insights from the Future Agenda programme to highlight those issues that provide the greatest potential challenge and also could have the most significant impact going forward. At a time when growing uncertainty and ambiguity are top of mind for many, we thought a brief summary of the most frequent topics being explored may be of wider interest.
In this summary we have therefore highlighted ten key global risks and ten key corporate risks that multiple organisations are seeing as high priority / impact for the next decade:
Ten Global Risks
• Accelerating displacement and the increase in migration
• Air pollution increasing in many urban environments
• A new world order driven by changing interests and relationships
• Broader cyber terrorism moving from the virtual to physical world
• Closing the inequality gap and balance equity and autonomy
• Flooded cities as the most visible impact of climate change
• Global pandemics stressing public health systems
• Key resource constraints driven by economic and political tensions
• Rising youth unemployment creating a lost generation
• Spiraling debt as a precursor to another major financial crisis
Ten Corporate Risks
• Continuous proof of loyalty to consumers required from brands
• Declining government influence as cities, networks and multinationals lead
• Full cost and having to account and pay for the true impact of activities
• Interconnected systems and the IoT increasing business vulnerability
• Managing data risk driving the need for greater security
• Regulation changing rapidly in its reach, its character and its focus
• Speed to scale accelerating and proving more disruptive impact
• Truth and illusion shifting view of what is credible and why
• The human touch being increasingly important in a digital world
• The rise of machines as AI and automation are both threat and opportunity
While not the same top issues for every organisation, these hopefully help to provide useful insight and context. More detailed information on many of these is available on the future agenda website www.futureagenda.org
Future State 2030: The global megatrends shaping governmentsRunwaySale
The document discusses 9 global megatrends that will significantly impact governments by 2030: 1) Demographics, 2) Rise of the individual, 3) Enabling technology, 4) Economic interconnectedness, 5) Public debt, 6) Economic power shift, 7) Climate change, 8) Resource stress, and 9) Urbanization. It notes that the impacts will be far-reaching but the trends are interconnected, so governments need strategies to address both individual trends and their combination. The report aims to stimulate thinking on how governments can best respond and adapt to changes in the coming years.
Misra, D.C.(2007) E Government The Indian Experience Sixty Years Of E Governa...Dr D.C. Misra
The document provides an overview of e-governance in India from 1947 to 2007. It discusses three phases:
1) 1947-1984 focused on informatics-based e-governance using mainframe computers for economic planning. This included using computers for census data and establishing the Department of Electronics and National Informatics Centre.
2) 1984-1995 saw the rise of personal computer-based e-governance for office automation.
3) 1995-2007 was characterized by widespread adoption of web-based e-governance for online government services, beginning with public internet access in 1995 and the National e-Governance Plan in 2003.
The document discusses the application of mobile health technologies to diabetes management. It notes that diabetes is a growing global epidemic and outlines goals for managing type 1 diabetes. Mobile health could help by collecting self-monitoring data, providing disease education and alerts/reminders, integrating social media, exporting data, and syncing with personal health records. However, there is still a lack of evidence that mobile apps improve outcomes and questions around app quality and privacy.
This document discusses information communication technology (ICT) in e-health systems. It defines e-health as the use of ICT for health, including providing access to health information and records. The document outlines how ICT improves relations between patients and health services and facilitates communication. It also discusses some e-health related services like electronic medical records and prescriptions. Finally, it discusses challenges to developing e-health in India and defines consumer informatics and medical/clinical informatics as areas of health informatics.
The document discusses the benefits of e-health care and implementing information and communication technologies (ICT) in hospitals. Key points include:
- ICT can help save lives, improve patient outcomes, and reduce costs and time through effective use of technologies like electronic health records, telemedicine, and hospital management information systems.
- Barriers to implementation include costs, lack of infrastructure and awareness, and difficulty adopting new technologies. Successful implementation requires planning IT systems from the start and developing network infrastructure, software, and training.
- The use of ICT systems can help reduce paperwork, improve access to records and test results, increase efficiency, and provide remote healthcare services through technologies like telemedicine.
This presentation is an exploratory analysis of E-Government readiness in Sierra Leone with citation of UN development index.
written and organised by: Richard Allieu
The document is the 2014 United Nations E-Government Survey. It provides an overview and analysis of global trends in e-government development based on data collected from 193 UN member states. Key findings of the Survey include:
- Estonia, Australia, and the Republic of Korea ranked as the top three countries in the UN's E-Government Development Index, which measures the willingness and capacity of countries to use online services.
- While developed countries continue to lead in e-government development, developing countries are narrowing the gap, with some upper-middle income countries performing better than some developed nations.
- Regional analyses show varying levels of e-government development across different world regions, with Europe and Asia
The official report of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "Developing Institutional Capacities of Public Administration for the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Post Conflict and Crisis Situations: Challenges, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned in Preparedness, Prevention, and Reconstruction " is now available for viewing and download. The EGM was held in June 2010 at
United Nations Headquarters, New York.
This document is the 2018 United Nations E-Government Survey which examines how digital technologies are impacting governments and citizens. The survey assesses global e-government trends and analyzes case studies of how countries are using digital technologies to become more sustainable and resilient. While connectivity and access to technologies have increased overall, some regions and countries still lag behind, especially in Africa and small island developing states. Ensuring inclusive access while mitigating risks from new technologies like artificial intelligence is an ongoing challenge for governments.
This document summarizes upcoming events related to sustainable development and the post-2015 development agenda. It discusses a Google+ Hangout on June 6th featuring Geena Davis to empower young women through technology. It also summarizes the one-year anniversary of the Rio+20 conference that will be marked by a Google+ event on June 13th. Finally, it provides information about the UN Public Service Forum and Awards Ceremony taking place from June 24-27th in Bahrain to recognize excellence in public service.
E-government—digital interactions between governments and people—varies greatly among and within regions, but most countries are making progress on providing greater access, according to the 2014 UN E-Government Survey launched today. The findings show that the Republic of Korea tops the global e-government ranking, and that Europe remains first among regions.
The report also shows that many countries are expanding electronic participation, utilizing more mobile and social media tools, expanding usage and making more government data available online. However, challenges remain, such as lack of resources, digital inequalities and a lack of leadership for e-government.
“E-government holds tremendous potential to improve the way that governments deliver public services and enhance broad stakeholder involvement in public service,” said Wu Hongbo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs and Secretary-General for the International Conference on Small Island Developing States.
For more information: http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb#.U7HG_PldVlq
These slides are prepared for students of computer engineering at the National School of Applied Sciences in Safi for the school-year 2014-2015 (Professional Bachelor).
The document is the World Disasters Report 2013, which focuses on technology and the future of humanitarian action. It explores how information and communication technologies can help humanitarian organizations, governments, and communities prepare for and respond to disasters. The report examines how technologies can help put communities at the center of humanitarian response. It also considers the challenges of technologies, such as reducing direct interaction between aid workers and communities. The report argues for more systematic evaluation of how technologies contribute to humanitarian action.
This is a talk being given at the Royal College of Art in London on Monday 28th Nov. As part of the 'Intersections' lecture series it aims to highlight how bringing together different perspectives from around the world can help us see things differently and hopefully uncover new challenges and opportunities. For more details of the event see https://www.rca.ac.uk/news-and-events/events/intersections-lecture-series-dr-tim-jones-understanding-uncertainty-gaining-global-perspective/
The UN Commission for Social Development will meet from February 6-15 with a focus on empowering people to achieve poverty eradication, social integration, and full employment. The Commission provides an important platform for shaping social policies and helped identify poverty eradication as a key goal at the 1995 World Summit on Social Development. A Civil Society Forum will be held prior to the Commission meeting to discuss empowerment and the post-2015 development agenda. The UN Statistical Commission will also meet in February to discuss improving global development data on topics like health, the economy, and tracking progress on the Millennium Development Goals.
Future Agenda are delighted to share this initial perspective on the future civic role of arts and arts organisations. The topic will be explored at a London event in June, hosted by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. The event is part of a wider enquiry by Calouste Gulbenkian into the future civic role of arts and comments are very welcome here on slideshare.
New Technologies in Humanitarian Emergencies and ConflictsDr. Chris Stout
By Diane Coyle and Patrick Meier
About the UN Foundation and The Vodafone Foundation Partnership
The United Nations Foundation & Vodafone Foundation Technology Partnership is a leading public-private alliance
using technology programs to strengthen the UN’s humanitarian efforts worldwide. Created in October 2005 with
a £10 million commitment from The Vodafone Foundation matched by £5 million from the UN Foundation.
The Technology Partnership has three core areas of focus: (1) to strengthen communications in humanitarian
emergencies though capacity building and support for disaster response missions that connect disaster relief
workers and affected families; (2) to support the development of mobile health (mHealth) programs that tackle
critical public health challenges and improve public health systems, decision-making and, ultimately, patient
outcomes; and (3) to promote research and innovation using technology as a tool for international development.
The UN Foundation and The Vodafone Foundation are among the founding partners of the mHealth Alliance.
More information about the Technology Partnership can be found at: www.unfoundation.org/vodafone.
Significant gaps remain in delivering on the commitments in the areas of aid, trade, debt relief, and access to new technologies and to affordable essential medicines. A number of crucial commitments that were supposed to have been reached by 2010, including increased aid volume, improved aid effectiveness, and the conclusion of the Doha Round of trade negotiations, have not been met. The MDG Gap Task Force Report 2011 monitors the progress made in achieving the targets of MDG 8, including continued attention to the impact of the global crisis on meeting the targets set under MDG 8 and embedding any new commitments resulting from the High-level Plenary Meeting of the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly on the MDGs into the monitoring process. Policy coherence is a central theme of the 2011 issue of the Report paying attention not only to issues of coherence across the various dimensions of the global partnerships, but also on the extent to which those partnerships are aligned behind national development strategies for achieving the MDGs. The adequacy of international support measures especially for least developed countries, particularly with regards to trade preferences and debt relief are analysed. With less than four years left until the 2015 deadline to deliver on the commitments contained in the MDGs, the 2011 Report provides recommendations to all major stakeholders on how to address the remaining implementation gaps.
Future Risk - Emerging global and corporate challenges 05 02 17Future Agenda
Over the past few months we have been running a number of workshops focused on helping organisations to identify and develop responses to emerging global and corporate risks. Working with companies, government agencies and advisory groups, we have been interrogating the insights from the Future Agenda programme to highlight those issues that provide the greatest potential challenge and also could have the most significant impact going forward. At a time when growing uncertainty and ambiguity are top of mind for many, we thought a brief summary of the most frequent topics being explored may be of wider interest.
In this summary we have therefore highlighted ten key global risks and ten key corporate risks that multiple organisations are seeing as high priority / impact for the next decade:
Ten Global Risks
• Accelerating displacement and the increase in migration
• Air pollution increasing in many urban environments
• A new world order driven by changing interests and relationships
• Broader cyber terrorism moving from the virtual to physical world
• Closing the inequality gap and balance equity and autonomy
• Flooded cities as the most visible impact of climate change
• Global pandemics stressing public health systems
• Key resource constraints driven by economic and political tensions
• Rising youth unemployment creating a lost generation
• Spiraling debt as a precursor to another major financial crisis
Ten Corporate Risks
• Continuous proof of loyalty to consumers required from brands
• Declining government influence as cities, networks and multinationals lead
• Full cost and having to account and pay for the true impact of activities
• Interconnected systems and the IoT increasing business vulnerability
• Managing data risk driving the need for greater security
• Regulation changing rapidly in its reach, its character and its focus
• Speed to scale accelerating and proving more disruptive impact
• Truth and illusion shifting view of what is credible and why
• The human touch being increasingly important in a digital world
• The rise of machines as AI and automation are both threat and opportunity
While not the same top issues for every organisation, these hopefully help to provide useful insight and context. More detailed information on many of these is available on the future agenda website www.futureagenda.org
Future State 2030: The global megatrends shaping governmentsRunwaySale
The document discusses 9 global megatrends that will significantly impact governments by 2030: 1) Demographics, 2) Rise of the individual, 3) Enabling technology, 4) Economic interconnectedness, 5) Public debt, 6) Economic power shift, 7) Climate change, 8) Resource stress, and 9) Urbanization. It notes that the impacts will be far-reaching but the trends are interconnected, so governments need strategies to address both individual trends and their combination. The report aims to stimulate thinking on how governments can best respond and adapt to changes in the coming years.
Misra, D.C.(2007) E Government The Indian Experience Sixty Years Of E Governa...Dr D.C. Misra
The document provides an overview of e-governance in India from 1947 to 2007. It discusses three phases:
1) 1947-1984 focused on informatics-based e-governance using mainframe computers for economic planning. This included using computers for census data and establishing the Department of Electronics and National Informatics Centre.
2) 1984-1995 saw the rise of personal computer-based e-governance for office automation.
3) 1995-2007 was characterized by widespread adoption of web-based e-governance for online government services, beginning with public internet access in 1995 and the National e-Governance Plan in 2003.
The document discusses the application of mobile health technologies to diabetes management. It notes that diabetes is a growing global epidemic and outlines goals for managing type 1 diabetes. Mobile health could help by collecting self-monitoring data, providing disease education and alerts/reminders, integrating social media, exporting data, and syncing with personal health records. However, there is still a lack of evidence that mobile apps improve outcomes and questions around app quality and privacy.
This document discusses information communication technology (ICT) in e-health systems. It defines e-health as the use of ICT for health, including providing access to health information and records. The document outlines how ICT improves relations between patients and health services and facilitates communication. It also discusses some e-health related services like electronic medical records and prescriptions. Finally, it discusses challenges to developing e-health in India and defines consumer informatics and medical/clinical informatics as areas of health informatics.
The document discusses the benefits of e-health care and implementing information and communication technologies (ICT) in hospitals. Key points include:
- ICT can help save lives, improve patient outcomes, and reduce costs and time through effective use of technologies like electronic health records, telemedicine, and hospital management information systems.
- Barriers to implementation include costs, lack of infrastructure and awareness, and difficulty adopting new technologies. Successful implementation requires planning IT systems from the start and developing network infrastructure, software, and training.
- The use of ICT systems can help reduce paperwork, improve access to records and test results, increase efficiency, and provide remote healthcare services through technologies like telemedicine.
This presentation is an exploratory analysis of E-Government readiness in Sierra Leone with citation of UN development index.
written and organised by: Richard Allieu
e-Health and the Social Web ("Web 2.0")/the 3-D Web: Looking to the future wi...Maged N. Kamel Boulos
The Social Web and the 3-D Web/virtual worlds and globes in Medicine and Health
e-Health and the Social Web/the 3-D Web: Looking to the future with sociable technologies and social software
Covers 3-D social networks and virtual worlds/the 3-D Web (including Second Life) and how they relate to Web 2.0 (M.N.K. Boulos - April 2007 - 32 slides)
Find out more at http://healthcybermap.org/sl.htm
Trends in e-government reflect trends in society but also help shape public services and governance. What really is happening now and how will this continue up to 2020? Why we should be both excited yet cautious.
E-Government and E-Health Strategies by Mrs. Veronica Boateng,Director, Application Systems Ghana Information and Communications Technology Directorate (GICTeD)
This document provides an overview of e-health applications and services. It discusses how next generation networks and quality of service can help enable tele-consultation services, mobile health, and disease management. The benefits of e-health include improved communication, decision support, and reporting. However, challenges remain regarding information quality, infrastructure, and legal/financial issues. Future work includes advancing technologies and prioritizing information flow to help people lead healthier lives.
Eine Folien aus mehreren Vorträgen mit vielen Links zu Quellen zu E-Government in Deutschland: Zeittafel; E-Government; E-GovG-Flickenteppich; Zugangseröffnung; Papierpost; 115-Bürgertelefon; EU-Dienstleistungsrichtlinie; Elektronischer Rechtsverkehr; eIDAS; eInvoicing; Onlinezugangsgesetz; Open Data Gesetz; Digitalisierungsstrategie in Kommunen; Fazit.
Ec2009 ch07 e government e-learning e-supply chains collaborative commerce an...Nuth Otanasap
The document discusses e-government, e-learning, and other e-commerce applications. It describes how Cisco Systems implemented an e-learning system to train employees and customers. E-government initiatives including services provided to citizens and businesses are also covered. The document concludes with discussions of knowledge management, customer-to-customer e-commerce, and peer-to-peer networks and applications.
“The increasing role of e-government in promoting inclusive and participatory development has gone hand-in-hand with the growing demands for transparency and accountability in all regions of the world,” said Sha Zukang, UN DESA Under-Secretary-General in the newly released United Nations E-government Survey 2012.
рейтинг ООН по электронному правительству 2012 годVictor Gridnev
This document is the United Nations E-Government Survey 2012. It discusses how e-government can advance sustainable development and be more responsive, citizen-centric, and socially inclusive. The survey found that while e-government has helped increase transparency and accountability, more funding is needed to enhance e-government services and reduce the digital divide. It acknowledges the efforts of various individuals and organizations involved in producing the survey.
Progress in online service delivery continues in most countries around the world. The United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 finds that many have put in place e-government initiatives and information and communication technologies applications for the people to further enhance public sector efficiencies and streamline governance systems to support sustainable development. Among the e-government leaders, innovative technology solutions have gained special recognition as the means to revitalize lagging economic and social sectors. The e overall conclusion that emerges from the 2012 Survey in today’s recessionary world climate is that while it is important to continue with service delivery, governments must increasingly begin to rethink in terms of e-government – and e-governance– placing greater emphasis on institutional linkages between and among the tiered government structures in a bid to create synergy for inclusive sustainable development.
Etude de l’ONU sur le E-Gouvernement : Cocorico ! la France dans le top 5 des...Yves Buisson
Tous les deux ans, le Département des affaires économiques et sociales de l’Organisation des Nations Unies réalise une étude sur le E-Gouvernement dans le monde. Ce rapport 2014 est sorti récemment, avec pour thème : « For the future we want », et un objectif : fournir aux Etats un outil d’évaluation de leurs forces comme des défis qu’il leur faut relever dans le domaine de la gouvernance en ligne. Cocorico immense, car tellement rare de nos jours : la France se classe 4ème dans le monde et première en Europe !
The document is the United Nations E-Government Survey 2016 which examines the use of e-government to support sustainable development. It contains the foreword which highlights how e-government and ICT tools can help realize the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The acknowledgements section recognizes the contributions of governments, experts and volunteers who provided data and reviewed the survey. It also lists the UN agencies that collaborated on the survey.
This document provides a summary of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Compendium of ICT Applications on Electronic Government Volume 3: Mobile Applications on Citizen Engagement. It discusses how mobile technologies can enhance citizen engagement and support efforts towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The compilation surveys a broad range of current ICT applications from different world regions that demonstrate how mobile phones and other portable devices are being used for e-government services and citizen participation. The goal is to stimulate further development of tailored e-government solutions to better meet citizens' needs.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Rural IndiaIOSR Journals
ICTs are playing an important role in rural development in India. By providing infrastructure and access to information services, ICTs can help eradicate poverty in rural areas. They also enable e-governance which promotes transparent, efficient government services. However, the digital divide means many rural Indians still lack access to and skills for using ICTs. For ICTs to truly benefit rural development, interventions must be tailored to local needs and allow bi-directional knowledge sharing between communities and programs. When integrated effectively, ICTs have the potential to boost rural economies and empower communities.
This document provides an overview of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and outlines the purpose and audience of the SDG ICT Playbook. The playbook examines how investments in information and communications technology (ICT) can support achievement of the UN's 17 SDGs. It is intended for senior managers, advisors, and leaders of organizations involved in development work who want to understand how to leverage ICT to make progress on the global goals. The playbook provides information on relevant technology areas and makes recommendations.
e-Government represents the use of information and communication technologies by government agencies to provide services to citizens and businesses. It aims to improve access to government information and services, make government more efficient and effective, and enhance relationships between citizens and government. Key aspects of e-government include improving internal government processes, connecting citizens, and promoting economic development through electronic public services.
eGov 2.0 keys to success white paper June2009etienneveyret
Gemalto’s white paper on “eGov 2.0 : the keys to success” released today
Jul 1, 2009 - How and why has e-Gov become a central component in governmental modernization?
Why does it change the relationship between citizen and government? Most importantly, how can governments decide on the most effective method of approaching this modernization process?
Following the success of the e-Government 2.0 white paper- a study on the essentials of e-Government and e-ID- Gemalto has released a new report designed to serve as a guideline for public authorities wishing to devise successful citizen- centric e-Government programs.
Gemalto presents established and proven strategies by demonstrating a variety of supporting case studies and expert opinions.
e-Gov 2.0: The Keys to Success expands on the basic concepts of e-Government, analyzes citizen’s expectations, and creates a global architecture for a national e-Government 2.0 program.
The study: unparalleled by competition
No study has ever been focused on eID and key success factors in a “citizen-centric” e-Government initiative in such detailed level:
17 top eGov specialists interviewed
7 key areas/business cases selected where to set up new e-applications
Citizen’s expectations revealed
A powerful methodology suggested.
Europe – eGovernment Benchmark 2012 - final insight reportVictor Gridnev
This document summarizes the findings of the 2012 eGovernment Benchmark survey conducted across 32 European countries. Key findings include:
- 46% of respondents used online public services, but satisfaction lags other sectors and is declining in some areas. Satisfaction varies widely between countries and services.
- While a growing proportion (30%) prefer online services, over half (54%) still prefer traditional channels. 29% had poor experiences that could cause them to stop using online services.
- Communication is needed to inform 21% of unaware citizens about available online services. 62% of unwilling citizens prefer personal contact.
- Time savings, flexibility and simplification are the top benefits of online services for citizens, while security
In June, the United Nations E-Government Survey 2014 was released. Its theme is “E-Government for the Future We Want.” The report provides a comprehensive collection of U.N. global surveys regarding the status of e-government and related practices around the world. South Korea once again topped the report’s rankings. Many countries have climbed the standings since release of the last report in 2012. This indicates worldwide growth in e-government. The leaders in e-government have many lessons to teach those grasping the concept. This paper will deliver an unbiased view of these e-government leaders. It also will detail the critical elements other countries must adopt in their drive for e-government.
Roadmap for E-government in the Developing WorldConsultant
Roadmap for E-government in the Developing World
10 Questions E-Government Leaders Should Ask Themselves
The Working Group on E-Government in the Developing World APRIL 2002
P A C I F I C C O U N C I L O N I N T E R N A T I O -N A L P O L I C Y
FINAL WSIS TARGETS REVIEW ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD Dr Lendy Spires
This document provides a review of achievements, challenges and recommendations regarding the 10 targets set at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in 2003 and 2005. It finds that:
- Considerable progress has been made towards connecting villages, schools, research centres, libraries and other institutions, as well as ensuring access to ICTs, TV and radio for more of the world's population.
- However, important gaps and challenges remain, such as reaching the most remote and marginalized communities. Measurement of many targets is also limited by a lack of consistent and comprehensive data.
- Moving forward, the report recommends placing greater focus on the quality and effectiveness of ICT access and use, as well as
Compare And Contrast The Rend And Lea ModelCarolina Lewis
The document discusses and compares several models of e-government development:
- The Layne and Lee (2001) and UN and ASPA (2002) models are similar, with the UN and ASPA model's emerging and enhanced stages resembling Layne and Lee's catalog. Their transaction stages also resemble each other.
- Schelin (2003) incorporates attributes of both the Layne and Lee and UN and ASPA models.
- Yildiz (2007) criticized these models for potentially not being applicable to developing countries due to different contexts.
- Coursey and Norris (2008) note that models do not show how long development takes or how governments overcome barriers like financial, legal and organizational issues.
- Technology
ICT has had a significant impact on rural development in India. ICT initiatives have focused on infrastructure development and extending information and communication services from urban to rural areas. ICT can play an important role in many aspects of rural development such as poverty reduction by providing access to markets, education, and healthcare. ICT and e-governance in particular have helped strengthen governance in rural India by improving government processes and facilitating interaction between citizens, businesses, and government agencies. While ICT shows promise for rural development, initiatives must be tailored to local needs and involve stakeholders to ensure benefits are realized and sustained over the long term.
Similar to United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 E-Government for the People (20)
4. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 ST/ESA/PAS/SER.E/150
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
E-Government
Survey 2012
E-Government for the People
United Nations
New York, 2012
i
6. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Foreward
Foreword
Today, powerful new technologies can be used to advance sustainable development
for all people across the world while including them in the process. In particular,
e-government can be an engine of development for the people. In delivering
e-government for the people, public services are designed to be responsive, citizen-
centric and socially inclusive. Governments also engage citizens through participatory
service delivery processes. The evidence base for the latter is strengthened by recent
progress in e-government in a growing number of countries where citizens are both
users and co-producers of public services.
The increasing role of e-government in promot- and other innovations of this sort must be nurtured
ing inclusive and participatory development has and supported and made available to all segments
gone hand-in-hand with the growing demands for of society.
transparency and accountability in all regions of the The steady diff usion of information and com-
world. E-government has strongly shifted expecta- munication technologies and the bridging of the
tions of what governments can and should do, using digital divide can help empower all stakeholders to
modern information and communication technolo- translate commitments into action. I therefore en-
gies, to strengthen public service and advance equi- courage policymakers and public administrators ev-
table, people-centred development. erywhere to apply information and communication
This report shows that with the right institu- technologies and e-government as important tools
tional framework, policies and capacity-building in advancing sustainable development for all. –
efforts, progress in enhancing the contributions
of e-government to sustainable development is
within reach.
However, the report also explains that adequate
funding is needed to enhance e-government.
Furthermore, it shows that there are challenges to Sha Zukang
reducing the digital-divide and increasing access to Under-Secretary-General for Economic
public services by vulnerable populations and dis- and Social Affairs and Secretary-General
tant communities. More than ever, mobile services, of the United Nations Conference
crowd sourcing, cloud computing, e-service kiosks on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)
iii
7.
8. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
The 2012 edition of the United Nations e-Government Survey is the result of the efforts,
contributions and support of many people from a number of organizations and thanks
are extended to all who were involved directly or indirectly. In particular, the following
people are acknowledged for their specific roles in its production.
Preparation of the publication was undertaken Under a collaborative agreement between the
by a group of senior e-government researchers United Nations and Cornell University in the
and advisers at the United Nations Department United States, the collection of data on online
of Economic and Social Affairs, led directly by services was overseen by Vincenzo Aquaro and
Haiyan Qian, Director of the Division for Public Seema Hafeez, supported by Kim Andreasson,
Administration and Development Management. Keping Yao, and Thomas O’Toole of the Cornell
She was assisted in this task by Vincenzo Aquaro, Institute of Public Affairs (CIPA). Th e CIPA team
Chief of the E-Government Branch, who man- included: Samar Alam, Timur Baiserkeev, Hatice
aged the data collection effort, and John-Mary Bilici, Santiago Calderon, Viktor Englund, Hadi
Kauzya, Chief of the Public Administration Fathallah, Nira Gautam, Adalsteinn Hakonarson,
Capacity Branch, who helped guide the analyti- Aleks Janjic, Sonia Javed, Rami Jawhar, Resya
cal work. Kania, Juliana Lima, Haiyue Luo, Margaret Lynch,
The core research team comprised DPADM Andreea Mascan, Grit Mathias, Ammar Naqvi,
staff members Seema Hafeez who drafted Michail Panagopoulos, Weng Pong Woo, Vorapat
Chapters 1 and 2, Michael Mimicopoulos and Praneeprachachon, Diego Rios Zertuche, Javad
John-Mary Kauzya who drafted Chapter 3, Deniz Rostami, Frantz Seide, Sarmad Shaikh, Aditya
Susar who drafted Chapter 4, Peride Blind who Shrinivas, Chamnan Sieng, Th itsar Th itsar, Ardak
drafted Chapter 5, and Seok-Ran Kim who drafted Tukenova, Marc Ufb erg, Kim Vallejo, Martina
Chapter 6. Patrick Spearing contributed a back- Vanikova, Ana Vanjac and Yucheng Zheng.
ground paper on information services in support Comprehensive second stage data assessment
of sustainable development. Richard Kerby and was conducted a group of United Nations interns
Jonas Rabinovitch provided case studies and field coordinated by Seema Hafeez. The team included
data. Patrick Spearing and Wai Min Kwok acted Alisher Djaborov, Aaron Gardner, Kateryna
as referees in reviews of the various manuscripts. Goychuk, Monica Hernandez, Sonia Javed, Rami
The survey benefited from advice and guid- Jawhar, Loreta Juskaite, DuyiLi, Sine Soeberg,
ance on e-government measurement provided Desislava Stefanova, AlexanderThomson, Quentin
by a group of experts who met in New York in Tourancheau and Yucheng Zheng, in addition to
December 2010. The group consisted of Abdulla a number of volunteer translators which included
Al Hamid (Bahrain), Kim Andreasson (United Eran Goldshtein, Davaadorj Khulan, Tünde
States), Roberto Bellott i (Italy), Rowena Bethel Lázár, Suela Lleku, Michaela Mackuliakova, Inge
(Bahamas), David Eaves (Canada), Tanya Gupta Meesak, Stephan Nunner, Srinart Poputtachai,
(World Bank), Morten Goodwin Olsen (Norway), Vorapat Praneeprachachon, Alfred Prevoo, Nadja
Koon Tian Ooh (Singapore), Jeremy Millard Saveska, Artemis Seaford, Yaroslav Shiryaev,
(Denmark), Rajkumar Prasad (India), Abir Qasam Gracia Sidabutar, Tomohiro Tsuden, Aura Ursu,
(United States) Mikael Snaprud (Norway) and Vilde Vaeroyvik, Eva van Aalst, Stine Wind and
Barbara Ubaldi (OECD). Roberto Bellott i and Benjamin Ziga.
Nicola Amoroso provided advice on the refi nement Technical data management and support was
of the statistical methodology. provided by Aaron Gardner, Rami Jawhar and
v
9. Acknowledgements United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
Quentin Tourancheau. Kim Andreasson provided United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
the data assessment platform and support to the Organization respectively.
initial collection of data on online services. Data Administrative assistance was provided by
assessment on access to vulnerable groups was Rosanne Clarke, Wally Clarkson, Elvira Doyle, Nathan
conducted by Christian Rodli Amble, Morten Henninger, Madeleine Losch, and Luis Prugue.
Goodwin and Mikael H. Snaprud and peer review Editorial review and coordination was under-
by the University of the United Nations through taken by Michelle Alves de Lima-Miller, supported
Tomasz Janoxski. by Silvia Schwarz.
Telecommunication infrastructure and edu- Copyediting services were provided by Mary
cation data were generously contributed by the Lynn Hanley. Creative design was directed and ex-
International Telecommunication Union and the ecuted by Eliot Sela.–
vi
10.
11. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Acronymes
Acronyms
C2G Citizen-to-government ITU International
Telecommunication Union
CIO Chief information officer
LDC Least developed country
EGDI E-government
development index MEA Multilateral
environmental agreement
EU European Union
NGO Non-governmental organization
FAQ Frequently asked questions
OECD Organization for Economic
FOI Freedom of information
Cooperation and Development
G2C Government-to-citizen
OSI Online service index
G2G Government-to-government
PDA Personal digital assistant
GDP Gross domestic product
PPP Public-private partnership
GII Government information
RSS Real simple syndication
infrastructure
SMS Short message service
GNI Gross national income
UNDESA United Nations Department
HCI Human capital index
of Economic and Social Affairs
HDI Human Development Index
WAI Web accessibility initiative
HTML Hypertext markup language
WAP Wireless application protocol
ICT Information and
WCAG Web content accessibility guidelines
communication technology
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
IM Instant messaging
WSSD World Summit on
ISP Internet service providers
Sustainable Development
vii
12. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Contents
Contents
Foreword iii Chapter 4:
Supporting multichannel
Acknowledgements v service delivery 73
Acronyms vii 4.1 Global and regional trends 74
4.2 Challenges and opportunities of
multichannel service delivery 79
Executive summary 1
4.3 Conclusion and recommendations 83
Chapter 1:
World e-government rankings 9 Chapter 5:
Bridging the digital divide by reaching
1.1 Overview of national out to vulnerable populations 87
e-government development 10
5.1 Factors affecting e-government
1.2 Global leaders at a glance 10 access and use 88
1.3 Regional comparisons 14 5.2 Conclusions and policy recommendations 97
1.4 Least developed countries 34
1.5 Post-conflict countries 35
Chapter 6:
1.6 Conclusion 35 Expanding usage to realize the
full benefits of e-government 101
6.1 E-service usage: The current landscape 102
Chapter 2:
6.2 Challenges, recent efforts and opportunities 103
Progress in online service delivery 37
6.3 Increasing e-service usage:
2.1 Online service rankings 38
Policy conclusions 112
2.2 Trends in e-service provision 39
2.3 Conclusion 53
Annexes: 117
Survey methodology 119
Chapter 3:
Data tables 118
Taking a whole-of-government approach 55
Notes 126
3.1 E-government harmonization in practice 56
References 136
3.2 Challenges and opportunities of integrated
e-service delivery 63 Regional groupings 143
3.3 Conclusions 69
ix
13. Contents United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
Boxes Boxes (cont.)
1.1 Seychelles leads in Eastern Africa 16 3.3 Germany chooses integrated services
on multiple portlets 62
1.2 Tunisia national portal 17
3.4 Malaysia “no wrong door” policy 62
1.3 Mexico’s alternative approach 21
3.5 Cloud computing 68
1.4 Brazil: Expanding services 22
4.1 Malta MyAlerts: Notifications through
1.5 Integrated services in Kazakhstan 24 multiple delivery channels 77
1.6 World leader in e-government 4.2 Turkey: UYAP SMS information system 78
development 2012: Republic of Korea 24
4.3 Italy: Reti Amiche for multichannel
1.7 China: Enhancing transparency public service delivery 78
and openness 25
4.4 ServiceOntario of Canada 80
1.8 India looks to sustainable development
by including all 25 5.1 Selected examples of e-government
initiatives of education to bridge the
1.9 Pakistan in the forefront of e-passport 26 digital divide 91
1.10 Singapore in the vanguard of countries 26 5.2 Automated search for barriers to usage 93
1.11 Israel consolidates e-services 27 5.3 Selected examples of initiatives in support
of access/use 97
1.12 Saudi Arabia offers innovative e-services 27
6.1 Benefit of e-tax payment: Convenience
1.13 Qatar’s Hukoomi: Working
and ease of paying taxes 104
towards integration 28
6.2 311 Service: Trust, transparency and service
1.14 EU leads the way to innovative application
request map of New York City 105
of ICT to sustainable development 30
6.3 United States: Fostering social inclusion
1.15 Denmark: Providing multiple choices 31
and increasing e-service usage through
2.1 Bahrain, a leader in Western Asia 38 social media 108
2.2 Russian Federation: Investments for 7.1 The four stages of online
service delivery improvements 39 service development 123
2.3 Kazakhstan: A leader in e-participation 43
Figures
2.4 Colombia: E-participation 46
1.1 Emerging leaders in
2.5 Australia: E-participation 47
e-government development 12
2.6 Providing outcome on feedback received
1.2 India advancing in
from citizens concerning the improvement
e-government development 13
of their service 48
1.3 Impressive gains by China 13
2.7 Trinidad and Tobago: Wealth of information
on environment 51 1.4 Regional averages in
e-government development 14
2.8 Brazil: Special section on Rio +20 52
1.5 Advances in regional e-government
3.1 Usa.gov leads in integrated portals 60
development in the last decade 14
3.2 Mauritius, an A to Z thematic approach 61
1.6 Trends in e-government development
in Africa 2008-2012 15
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14. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Contents
Figures (cont.) Figures (cont.)
1.7 Limitations of infrastructure impeding 2.17 Online leadership promotion and
e-government in Africa 18 accountability in environmental sustainability 51
1.8 Regional e-government in the Americas 19 2.18 Countries offering education or
information on public policy concerns 51
1.9 E-government in Northern America 21
2.19 Reflection of public concerns on national
1.10 Regional e-government in Asia 22 environmental websites 52
1.11 E-government in Norway and the 2.20 Citizen participation in environmental
United Arab Emirates 23 affairs by region 53
1.12 Regional e-government in Europe 29 3.1 Countries with CIO or equivalent
overseeing e-government 56
1.13 Regional e-government development:
Oceania and the world 33 3.2 Countries offering a one-stop-shop 58
2.1 Progress in online service provision 3.3 Countries with government websites
2003-2012 in selected countries 38 linking to a national website or portal 59
2.2 E-services in Latvia and Belarus 39 3.4 Percentage of national sites or portals
linking to government ministries 59
2.3 United Nations Member States’ online
presence, 2003 – 2012 40 3.5 Policy information online 59
2.4 Online features availability 40 3.6 Institutional integration efforts
in environment 60
2.5 Sectoral user services online 41
4.1 Overview of channels for public
2.6 Extent of e-service delivery 41
service delivery 75
2.7 Geographic distribution of top performers
4.2 Breakdown of channels by region 75
in e-participation 44
4.3 Breakdown of channels by income level 75
2.8 Depth of e-participation 45
4.4 Selected mobile-based channels for
2.9 E-consultation tools used by governments 46
multiservice delivery 76
2.10 Overall environmental e-service provision 48
4.5 Breakdown of mobile-based channels
2.11 Africa sub-regional average scores by region 76
as percentage of regional average score 49
4.6 Breakdown of mobile-based channels
2.12 Americas sub-regional average scores by income level 77
as percentage of regional average score 49
4.7 Availability of payment transactions
2.13 Asia sub-regional average scores as in different channels 79
percentage of regional average score 49
5.1 Inclusion of at least one of the vulnerable
2.14 Europe sub-regional average scores groups on the national website 89
as percentage of regional average score 49
5.2 Multilingual national portals 90
2.15 Relationship between e-environment
5.3 Multilingual European portals 90
performance and gross national
income per capita 50 5.4 Multilingual Asian portals 90
2.16 Use of e-government to raise 5.5 Assisted sites 92
awareness of sustainable development 50
5.6 Female economic activity 94
xi
15. Contents United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
Figures (cont.) Tables (cont.)
5.7 Broadband (2012) and GDP per capita 1.9 Top ranked countries in the Americas 19
(2010 or the latest figure) 95
1.10 E-government development in the Caribbean 20
5.8 M-government and vulnerable groups 96
1.11 E-government development in Central America 20
5.9 Broadband, m-government,
and vulnerable groups 96 1.12 E-government development in
Northern America 21
6.1 E-government usage growth rate lagging
behind e-government availability 1.13 E-government development in South America 21
growth rate (2005 – 2010) 103
1.14 E-government leaders in Asia 23
6.2 Transaction services: countries providing
1.15 E-government development in Central Asia 23
on-line payment facilities in different sectors 104
1.16 E-government development in Eastern Asia 25
6.3 Number of countries with privacy
statement and security policy online 105 1.17 E-government development in Southern Asia 26
6.4 Governments’ efforts to garner 1.18 E-government development in
and report on usage feedback 107 South-Eastern Asia 27
6.5 Relationship between broadband 1.19 E-government development in Western Asia 28
penetration and citizen uptake
of e-government services (2008) 107 1.20 Top 10 in Europe 29
6.6 Government websites and social media 109 1.21 E-government development in
Eastern Europe 30
6.7 Government websites providing
a statement that promotes open 1.22 E-government development in
government data initiative 110 Northern Europe 31
6.8 FOI laws in countries around the world: 1.23 E-government development in
Global view 111 Southern Europe 32
6.9 Freedom of Information in different 1.24 E-government development in
regions of the world 111 Western Europe 32
1.25 E-government development in Oceania 33
Tables 1.26 E-government development in least
developed countries 34
1.1 World e-government development
leaders 2012 11 1.27 E-government development in
post-conflict countries 35
1.2 E-government development in largest
population countries 13 2.1 Top 20 countries in online service delivery 38
1.3 Top ranked countries in Africa 15 2.2 Advanced features available on websites 40
1.4 E-government development in Eastern Africa 16 2.3 Transactional services online 41
1.5 E-government development in Middle Africa 17 2.4 Extent of service delivery in top performers,
selected countries 42
1.6 E-government development in Northern Africa 17
2.5 E-services in selected developing countries 42
1.7 E-government development in Southern Africa 18
2.6 Top e-participation leaders 43
1.8 E-government development in Western Africa 18
2.7 Extent of e-participation 44
xii
16. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Contents
Tables (cont.) Maps
2.8 Extent of government’s commitment 1.1 Sub-regions of Africa 15
to e-participation 45
1.2 Sub-regions of the Americas 19
2.9 Collecting citizen feedback 46
1.3 Sub-regions of Asia 23
2.10 Web 2.0 tools used in e-decision making 47
1.4 Sub-regions of Europe 29
2.11 E-decision making features 48
1.5 Sub-regions of Oceania 33
2.12 Top countries on environment survey 48
7.1 Regional groupings 143
2.13 Selected environmental online features
and content 50
2.14 Environment-related online citizen feedback 53
3.1 Chief information officer or equivalent
by region 57
3.2 Interoperability and back-office integration 58
3.3 Whole-of-government top performers 61
3.4 Selected organizational changes needed
in the pursuit of a whole-of-
government approach 64
3.5 National portals clearly indicating
a security feature 68
4.1 List of countries utilizing all channels 74
5.1 Components and subcomponents of the
conceptual map of digital divide 89
5.2 National websites with accessibility features 92
5.3 Access of females versus males to
social media 94
6.1 List of countries with government
websites providing a statement
‘follow us on Facebook or Twitter’ 109
6.2 List of countries providing chat rooms
or an IM feature 109
7.1 E-participation index 126
7.2 Online service index and its components 128
7.3 Telecommunication infrastructure index
and its components 130
7.4 Human capital index and its components 132
7.5 E-participation index 134
7.6 Environment Index 135
xiii
17.
18. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Executive summary
Executive
summary
Progress in online service delivery continues in most countries
around the world. The United Nations E-Government Survey
2012 fi nds that many have put in place e-government initiatives
and information and communication technologies applications
for the people to further enhance public sector effi ciencies
and streamline governance systems to support sustainable
development. Among the e-government leaders, innovative
technology solutions have gained special recognition as the
means to revitalize lagging economic and social sectors.
The overall conclusion that emerges from the 2012 Survey in
today’s recessionary world climate is that while it is important to
continue with service delivery, governments must increasingly
begin to rethink in terms of e-government – and e-governance
– placing greater emphasis on institutional linkages between
and among the tiered government structures in a bid to create
synergy for inclusive sustainable development. An important
aspect of this approach is to widen the scope of e-government
for a transformative role of the government towards cohesive,
coordinated, and integrated processes and institutions through
which such sustainable development takes place.
1
19. Executive summary United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
In the current recessionary world climate, in can be met with a concerted and coordinated effort
which the lives of people have become ever more that incorporates the environmental dimension into
interconnected, governments have been harness- development planning at every stage.
ing the power of information and communications Within this context, national governments
technologies (ICT) for delivering much needed sus- need to understand the economic, social and en-
tainability in social and economic services to their vironmental pathways must be adapted to develop
citizens. As part of this shift towards e-government, or reform their strategic frameworks towards out-
there has been an increasing recognition that ef- comes that promote sustainable development. The
forts towards a holistic approach to governance for basic strategic approach needs to germinate fi rst and
sustainable development require strategic national foremost in the acceptance of the importance of the
planning to ensure efficacy, transparency, respon- inter-linkages among the economic, social and envi-
siveness, participation and inclusion in the delivery ronmental aspects of development.
of public services. These aims could not be achieved The role of the government is once again
without the underlying notion of sustainable devel- being redefined to reform the governance sys-
opment for the people. tems through which services are delivered in a
The overall challenge then is to deliver improve- way that maximizes development and minimizes
ments in the standards of living in such a manner natural resource degradation. A holistic approach
that development today does not compromise de- to governance includes taking into account the ef-
velopment tomorrow. Embedded in the concept ficiency and distributional aspects of sectoral poli-
of sustainability is the viability of (i) national and cies and their outcomes, national development
sub-national governance systems that are citizen- agendas, and international cooperation agree-
centric, socially inclusive and participatory; and ments, so that resulting solutions are sustainable
(ii) the associated government operations and in the future.
services that affect development outcomes. In The message of the 2012 Survey is that all stake-
paying attention to citizen needs, there is a critical holders need to recognize the key role that e-gov-
need for governments to encompass modalities in ernment – and e-governance – can play in support
working together with citizens in fulfi lling service of the establishment of effective institutional link-
delivery. Therefore the theme of the United Nations ages necessary for sustainable development.
E-Government Survey 2012 is E-Government for Evidence shows that it is possible to successfully
the People. Areas deserving special emphasis in- utilize ICT based on governance frameworks that un-
clude expanding usage of e-government services, derpin the effectiveness of public sector institutions.
including through multiple channels, and a whole- E-government is at the core of building a stra-
of-government approach in promoting equity and tegic sustainable development framework. One of
bridging the digital-divide by extending service de- its key functions has been to provide an integrated
livery to all, particularly vulnerable groups. framework of policies, laws and regulations and de-
velop institutions and processes that allow the pri-
The nexus of e-government, vate sector to provide – and the people to partake
institutional linkages and of – the benefits of newer technologies.
sustainable development The underlying principle of e-government, sup-
E-government has an important role to play, now and ported by an effective e-governance institutional
in the future. As the world moves towards 2015, the framework, is to improve the internal workings of
date set for reaching the Millennium Development the public sector by reducing fi nancial costs and
Goals, the unmet targets of poverty reduction and transaction times so as to better integrate work flows
other social and economic development goals are and processes and enable effective resource utiliza-
being revisited within the ambit of climate change tion across the various public sector agencies aiming
and natural resource conservation. Inherent in this for sustainable solutions. It seeks to establish ‘bet-
paradigm is a focus on pivotal linkages among pub- ter processes and systems’ aimed at more efficiency,
lic institutions, such that development challenges effectiveness, inclusion and sustainability. As a key
2
20. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Executive summary
driver of efficiency and coordination, e-governance The entry point for economic sustainability
encompasses institutions, mechanisms and pro- is how e-government supports efficiency and ef-
cesses for planning, organizing, coordination and fectiveness in government for greater growth and
implementation of successful socio-economic de- development by employing whole-of-government
velopment programmes. approaches. Hierarchical and bureaucratic struc-
Utilizing e-government can be the key to the tures need to be transformed into horizontal
achievement of the integration of economic, social integrated systems, which facilitate customer ori-
and environment goals for development planning. entation and increase levels of transparency and
In this context, national governments need to: accountability in a move towards public service de-
• Recognize the opportunity for synergy among livery solutions that are sustainable.
institutions that e-government offers; At the same time, social equity and inclusion
• Re-engineer the enabling environment for are possible only if institutional barriers to citizen
e-governance to enable institutional inter- link- inclusion are removed and opportunities for their
ages within the government; and participation through ICTs are equitably distrib-
• Promote coordination and connectivity be- uted. The reach of innovative inclusive solutions
tween ecosystems and development outcomes. to support citizen decision-making processes is
As the public sector continues to reform struc- just as important as the nature of the participa-
tural processes and institutions for greater efficiency tory process itself. For social sustainability, the
and better service delivery; provide a climate con- role of e-government requires a shift from that of
ducive for businesses; and offer greater participation a controller of information and services to that of
for citizens, e-government will increasingly become a facilitator, whereby information and services are
the key enabler of sustainable development. From geared towards addressing the needs and concerns
putt ing in place policies and programmes to the de- of the citizenry, especially the vulnerable, and to
sign of laws and regulation for ICT access and citi- promoting user uptake.
zen participation, e-government and e-governance Finally, e-government can support environ-
will expand their reach in affecting the living condi- mental institutional integration by bringing envi-
tions of peoples in all countries of the world in gen- ronment agencies online and linking them with
eral, and in ameliorating the adverse impact of the governance structures responsible for development
digital divide in particular. planning so that coordinated solutions can be found
One of the key challenges in building the frame- that are efficient, effective and sustainable.
work of sustainable development is how to employ The United Nations E-Government Survey
modern technologies to ensure inter-institutional 2012: E-Government for the People addresses the
coordination and the effectiveness of development conceptual and analytical issues related to how the
outcomes while safeguarding natural resource Member States are utilizing ICTs to support citizen
conservation. Lessons of experience in a few of the centric service delivery and citizen participation in
vanguard countries indicate that by deploying inno- service delivery to ensure sustainable development.
vative ITC solutions e-governance endeavours can
optimize solutions to hither-to-fore intransigent de- Global trends in
velopment challenges. e-government development
There is a growing recognition that e-gover- The United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
nance can support development by improving explores the inter-linkages between e-government
inter-organizational linkages and consolidation of and sustainable development efforts. While present-
government systems. Th is emerging e-government ing the United Nations e-government development
paradigm, allied to the twin objectives of effi cacy in rankings for 2012 it analyses how governments of
government functioning and achieving improve- the world are employing e-government policies and
ments in service delivery, is bringing about new programmes to support efficiency, effectiveness, and
perceptions of the inter-linkages between e-govern- inclusiveness as the parameters of sustainable devel-
ment and the sustainability of systems. opment efforts worldwide.
3
21. Executive summary United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
It addresses conceptual and analytical issues disparity in the use of information technologies. In
related to an effective e-governance institutional this way it contributes to a better understanding of
framework as the key enabler for the organizational the need for e-government to be deployed in order
and regulatory environment that is the necessary to create the required synergy and integration across
ingredient for such development to take place. institutions and processes that will support Member
Building on lessons learnt and best practices iden- States’ efforts towards sustainable development that
tified through previous UNDESA work on e-gov- includes all.
ernment, the 2012 Survey highlights the ‘silo’ or
sector-by-sector approach often common to both Key fi ndings from the 2012 Survey
e-government and environment in development According to the 2012 United Nations
planning. It brings together concepts and best E-government Survey rankings, the Republic of
practices such as whole-of-government; effective- Korea is the world leader (0.9283) followed by
ness of multichannel service delivery; increasing the Netherlands (0.9125), the United Kingdom
access to Internet and mobile use around the world (0.8960) and Denmark (0.8889), with the United
in bridging the digital divide; the importance of States, Canada, France, Norway, Singapore and
e-service to vulnerable groups; and challenges in Sweden close behind.
user uptake. It thereby alerts policy makers to the The steady improvement in all the indicators
current need for a holistic vision to sustainable de- of the e-government development index has led to
velopment that emphasizes synergies among vari- a world average of 0.4877 as compared to 0.4406
ous sectors and approaches that will help advance in 2010. Th is reflects that countries in general have
economic sustainability and social equity. improved their online service delivery to cater to
A special focus of this year’s Survey is on envi- citizens’ needs. On a regional level, Europe (0.7188)
ronment-related services. It assesses the provision of and Eastern Asia (0.6344) lead, followed by
environment and resource conservation information Northern America (0.8559), South Asia (0.3464)
and services to the citizen and presents the fi rst data and Africa (0.2762).
set on United Nations e-environment indicators. Despite progress, there remains an imbalance
The message of the 2012 Survey builds upon the in the digital divide between developed and the
fi ndings of the previous United Nations Surveys developing countries, especially in Africa. The lat-
and sets the importance of e-government fi rmly ter region had a mean e-government development
within the current global developmental debate. index of about 30 per cent of Northern America
First, underscoring the importance of technologi- and about half of the world average. The digital di-
cal advancements and the role of the government vide is rooted in the lack of e-infrastructure, which
and sustainable development, it highlights the im- has hindered information-use and knowledge-cre-
portance of e-government and ICT as integral to ation. The tremendous difference of broadband
sustainable development. width and subscriptions between the developing
Second, expanding the concept of e-governance and the developed world proves that there are yet
it points to the need to place it at the centre of de- many milestones to be reached in order to close
velopment thinking for a coherent, coordinated and the gap of the digital divide.
synergistic approach to public sector solutions.
Finally, it draws attention to state-of-the art e- Whole-of-government approaches
government approaches that are being deployed in lead the way in vanguard countries
vanguard countries as case studies for a whole-of- Employing e-government to improve efficiency
government framework and inclusion of the disad- and effectiveness of public service delivery in
vantaged in the circle of development. government structures is one facet of economic
Thus, it presents the progress made in e-govern- sustainability. The 2012 Survey finds that many
ment development around the world since the last Member States are moving from a decentral-
Survey (2010) while cautioning against the digi- ized single-purpose organization model, to an
tal divide that stems from the current worldwide integrated unified whole-of-government model
4
22. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Executive summary
contributing to efficiency and effectiveness. The Much more needs to be done to include vul-
model aims at centralizing the entry point of ser- nerable groups in the benefits of technology. With
vice delivery to a single portal where citizens can a focus on social sustainability, the underlying ap-
access all government-supplied services, regardless proach of the top performers in 2012 is inclusion for
of which government authority provides them. In all, which has led to the expansion of information
some countries, the whole-of-government ap- and services to vulnerable groups, people who live
proach helps build a transparent government in isolated rural areas and the disabled. Further, in
system with interconnected departments and di- pursuit of greater efficiency, more and more govern-
visions, feeding into the funnel of greater govern- ments are paying closer attention to citizens’ use of
ment efficiency and effectiveness. online services. The levels still remain low with only
around a quarter – or 47 countries – providing in-
Member States are paying formation on how citizens use services.
closer attention to multichannel
service delivery Developing countries make progress
The increasing power of ICT has also provided in e-participation
governments with the f lexibility of providing Many developing countries have adopted citizen
services and information to citizens through inclusion as key in providing “customer”-oriented
multichannels. Citizens have diverse needs and services. While the Republic of Korea and the
demands for services; therefore it is no longer sus- Netherlands are the world leaders, Singapore and
tainable for governments to utilize one preferred Kazakhstan are close behind. Europe has the largest
way of service provision over the other. It is now share of the top e-participation countries. Despite
ever more essential that governments exploit all progress the gains are not spread evenly, both across
possible delivery channels in order to reach out to and within countries, with the majority still offering
as many people as possible, no matter how poor, il- low levels of engagement possibilities.
literate or isolated. The 2012 Survey shows that 71
Member States partner with third party organiza- Citizens demand more services
tions such as those in the civil society or the private While the primary focus of Member States has been
sector to provide e-services. the provision of services from a supplier perspective,
Progress on the digital divide is far from satisfac- recently there has been a shift towards a more con-
tory though rapid dispersion of mobile technology sumer demand driven policy and greater emphasis
gives hope for improvement. on citizen usage. Nevertheless the level of citizen
Th is year’s Survey also indicates that global in- up-take currently remains at low levels. Usage di-
frastructure access has improved, with the global vides across and within countries is one of the many
average ICT index value reflecting an increase in challenges hindering high levels of citizen up-take.
mobile penetration – the global average number According to the 2012 Survey, only 24 countries
of mobile subscriptions per 100 inhabitants is now openly promote free access to e-government ser-
88.5. Broadband penetration, however, remains very vices through free wifi or kiosks. Leveraging social
low, with a global average of only 8.7 fi xed broad- media for the benefit of e-service uptake is another
band connections per 100 inhabitants. Mobile- area where a greater effort can make a difference
based technologies have become the most rapidly since currently only 40 per cent of Member States
adapted technologies to provide e-services, playing are using a social networking site.
a pivotal role, especially in developing countries.
Rural areas with very litt le access to telephony can A good beginning but e-environment
now benefit from mobile and broadband services to initiatives have a long way to go
access services. According to the 2012 Survey, 25 With the worldwide focus on sustainable develop-
countries have developed separate m-government ment this year the 2012 United Nations e-Govern-
websites, and 24 countries provide the option of ment Survey devoted a special section to examining
making payments via mobile phones. the effort made by Member States in provision of
5
23. Executive summary United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
environment-related online information and ser- The way forward
vices. In keeping with institutional development As the way forward the fi rst imperative is to recog-
identified as one of the two main themes for Rio nize the role of national governments in tapping
+20, the 2012 Survey assessed Member States’ on- into the transformative nature of e-government for
line offerings in three areas cited in the Secretary- sustainable development as it relates to whole-of-
General’s Report to the Preparatory Committee government approaches and multichannel service
for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable delivery. In this regard countries must at a minimum
Development: 1) dissemination of information; 2) establish a persistent online presence with at least
institutional integration with respect to environ- basic services in order to build trust in government.
mental matters; and 3) opportunities for citizen Second, shifting from a structurally disinte-
engagement on environmental issues. With respect grated government to one that is a more intercon-
to information dissemination services, Chapter nected single-purpose whole-of-government will
2 looks particularly at four policy areas related to require collaboration and streamlining not only
environmental degradation and natural resources along the whole spectrum of governance but also
management: clean air, clean water, energy, and re- with private sector and civil societies. Prerequisites
source conservation. Given the importance placed for achieving this shift include long-term vision
on empowering citizens – particularly marginal- and leadership commitment, a strategic frame-
ized groups – with respect to environmental policy work, an IT management programme aligned with
making, it also assesses how e-participation tools the overall strategy, and technical integration of IT
are deployed in the environmental domain, at the systems. Whole-of-government practices will not
same time, focusing on the importance of institu- only boost efficiency of government agencies but
tional integration at all levels for sustainable de- also utilization of public services if properly ad-
velopment. Chapter 3 assesses how e-government ministered in accordance with a clear strategy and
offerings support both sub-national and interna- motivated leadership.
tional integration. Among the top-scoring coun- Th ird, it needs to be reiterated that the digital
tries on the environment, four provide considerable divide is still an obstacle we face. With all the cut-
environment related information and services to ting-edge technologies and development of social
their citizens – Germany, the Republic of Korea, media and networking tools, which have re-shaped
Singapore, and the United States. As in the case of parts of our modern world, it is becoming more
e-government development rankings, developed challenging to diminish the digital divide. Not
countries dominate the e-environment service only is the non-availability of infrastructure such
delivery, with 36 per cent of countries providing as broadband the main reason behind this divide,
less than one third of the information and services but differences in skills and lack of means to ac-
assessed; another one third providing 34 to 66 per cess information also play a major role. Therefore
cent; and 56 countries providing 67 to 100 per cent it is vital for governments to learn from global best
of the e-environment services assessed. practices and collaborate internationally to develop
A majority of countries provide online infor- a harmonized framework with indigenous ICT
mation or education to citizens regarding clean content. An effective approach must address both
water (111 countries), clean air (105 countries), access to infrastructure as well as well as barriers
and resource conservation (104 countries). Nearly to using online services that may persist even when
half of countries, 86, provide information pertain- such access is available.
ing to energy. However few countries provide Fourth, there is a need to reach out to all citi-
features designed to proactively notify citizens of zens, particularly the disadvantaged and vulnerable
environmental issues or permit citizens to focus groups, in order to bridge the gap and maximize
online searches specifically on the environment. the utilization of online service delivery. However,
Similarly, citizen engagement on environment is- governance processes for the effectiveness and ben-
sues is in its infancy. While Europe takes the lead, efit of all cannot be realized without a well-estab-
other regions are slow to follow. lished coordination framework encompassing the
6
24. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 Executive summary
involvement of all national and international stake- have created opportunities for greater participation
holders, including third party organizations, which and social inclusiveness. By bringing technology
can play a pivotal role in the process. Th is is par- to the people instead of making the people come
ticularly important in the context of multichannel to technology hubs, and by creating opportuni-
service delivery, where it is important to follow an ties for online service delivery, e-government has
evolutionary rather than a revolutionary approach contributed to coordinated efforts for increased
to developing new channels. In other words, service e-government among public sector officials, public
delivery via new channels should not come at the institutions and citizens.
expense of service delivery via established channels. As the collective global effort, led by the United
Fift h, low usage and user uptake indicates that Nations, gains momentum towards a greater ac-
e-services up-take has untapped potential for the ceptance of the institutional linkages among the
improvement of service delivery in line with citi- economic, social and environmental pillars of sus-
zen demand. tainable development, there is a need to be cogni-
Finally, the 2012 Survey assessment points zant of the importance of e-government that is for
to horizontal and vertical e-government linkages the people, in achieving higher standards of living
among various institutions and nodal points that for future generations. –
7
25.
26. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
Chapter One
World e-government rankings 1
Chapter 1
World
e-government
Eliot Sela
rankings
Chapter 1 Progress in online service delivery continues in most countries
World e-government rankings
around the world. The United Nations E-Government Survey
1.1 Overview of national
e-government development 10 2012 fi nds that many have put in place e-government initiatives
1.2 Global leaders at a glance 10 and information and communication technologies applications
1.2.1 Countries with a large population 12 for the people to further enhance public sector effi ciencies
1.3 Regional comparisons 14 and streamline governance systems to support sustainable
1.3.1 E-government in Africa 15 development. Among the e-government leaders, innovative
1.3.2 E-government in the Americas 19 technology solutions have gained special recognition as the
1.3.3 E-government in Asia 22 means to revitalize lagging economic and social sectors.
1.3.4 E-government in Europe 29 The overall conclusion that emerges from the 2012 Survey in
1.3.5 E-government in Oceania 33 today’s recessionary world climate is that while it is important to
1.4 Least developed countries 34 continue with service delivery, governments must increasingly
1.5 Post-conflict countries 35 begin to rethink in terms of e-government – and e-governance
1.6 Conclusion 35 – placing greater emphasis on institutional linkages between
and among the tiered government structures in a bid to create
synergy for inclusive sustainable development. An important
aspect of this approach is to widen the scope of e-government
for a transformative role of the government towards cohesive,
coordinated, and integrated processes and institutions through
which such sustainable development takes place.
9
27. 1 Chapter One
World e-government rankings United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
e-agriculture, e-trade and other fields. Accessing these
1.1 Overview of national new technologies for development is being recog-
e-government development nized as one of the key sources of economic growth.
Of particular importance is the effect of cellular tech-
The United Nations Survey 2012 assessment of prog- nologies. Where national governments have taken a
ress indicates that e-government is increasingly being lead, rapid mobile technology proliferation has con-
viewed among countries in the vanguard as going tributed as much as a one per cent annual increase in
beyond service delivery towards a framework for a economic growth over the last few years.1
smart, inclusive and sustainable growth for future gen- Notwithstanding these trends, progress re-
erations. In countries that follow that trend, a focus on mains uneven. In the current recessionary climate
institutional integration coupled with online citizen some countries have been better able to continue to
orientation in public service continues to be dominant. invest in ICT infrastructure and service improve-
Both in terms of information and services, the citizen ment. Others are evaluating the marginal utility
E-government is increasingly viewed as ‘an active customer of public of such investment, especially taking into account
services’ with borrowed private sector concepts being low user uptake of existing services, and reassess-
innovation and applied to improve public sector governance systems. ing service portfolios where demand for online
development can A key driver for this approach is the need to services is low. Many countries with low levels of
achieve efficiency in government at the same time that infrastructure and human capital remain at lower
position the public services are being expanded. Advances in technology, levels of e-government development with serious
sector as a driver of which allow data sharing and efficient streamlining issues of digital divide.
of cross-agency governance systems are forming the In all cases, e-government take a prominent role
demand for ICT back end of integrated portals where citizens fi nd a in shaping development making it more in tune with
infrastructure and myriad of relevant information arranged by theme, people’s needs and driving the whole process based
life cycle or other preferred use. The trend towards on their participation.
applications in the personalization of services has gained momentum
broader economy. with more countries tailoring substance and presenta-
tion in accord with varied preferences. Multichannel
service delivery features were found on several portals 1.2 Global leaders at a glance
in 2012 through which the government conducted
business with citizens. Citizen inclusion is also ex- Building upon the transformative nature of ICT and
panding both horizontally and vertically with more maintaining their focus on e-government develop-
governments around the world in 2012 accepting and ment, all of the top 20 countries in 2012 were high-
promoting the need to inform – and involve – the citi- income developed economies. 2 All have values that
zen in the public decision making process. range from 164 to 190 per cent of the world average.
E-government innovation and development can Of the 20, 14 are in Northern America and Europe;
position the public sector as a driver of demand for 3 in East Asia (Republic of Korea, Singapore and
ICT infrastructure and applications in the broader Japan); 2 in Oceania (Australia and New Zealand);
economy. The effect will be more pronounced in and 1 in Western Asia (Israel).
cases where government programmes constitute a While the Republic of Korea (0.9283) maintains
significant proportion of a country’s GDP and where its position as achieving the greatest e-government
the regulatory environment is conducive to expansion development, in 2012 it is followed by three European
of ICT manufacturing, soft ware and related services. countries, with the Netherlands (0.9125) advancing
E-government programmes can be a catalyst in by three and the United Kingdom of Great Britain
boosting productivity, thereby speeding up the ben- and Northern Ireland (0.8960) by one to become the
efits of newer technologies to the people. In the last 2nd and 3rd leading e-ready governments in the world.
few years many countries have employed ICT in areas Denmark (0.8889), the United States of America
such as entrepreneurship, innovation, research and (0.8687), France (0.8635) and Sweden (0.8599) fol-
development, promoting distance learning, e-health, low close behind among the global leaders.
10
28. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
Chapter One
World e-government rankings 1
The top 20 countries have marginal differ- government-to-government (G2G), government-
ences among them in the level of e-government to-citizen, and citizen-to-government (C2G) inter- Table 1.1 World e-govern-
development. All have invested, consolidated and actions in the last stage. 3 ment development
aggregated their e-government development offer- The United Nations Survey 2012 fi nds that mod- leaders 2012
ings in the last two years. Israel, Liechtenstein and els of an integrated portal differ across countries E-government
Rank Country development index
Luxembourg, among the high-income countries, and regions. While a few countries are progressing
1 Republic of Korea 0.9283
joined the group of world leaders in 2012. towards one national integrated portal, others have
2 Netherlands 0.9125
In 2012, the United Nations e-government developed their e-government offerings with a view
3 United Kingdom 0.8960
assessment focused on the concept of integrated to more than one portal, with thematic and/or func-
4 Denmark 0.8889
services that exploit inter-linkages among different tional services integrated in a manner that fi nds e-in-
5 United States 0.8687
public services on a functionally and/or themati- formation separate from e-services or e-participation.
6 France 0.8635
cally similar one-stop-shop portal, thereby improv- Though each of these have integrated services
7 Sweden 0.8599
ing and facilitating citizen experience, allowing for across various departments on the thematic or func-
8 Norway 0.8593
back-office integration across governmental de- tional portal, they nevertheless make less convenient
9 Finland 0.8505
partments and strengthening institutional arrange- the user search for government information, services
10 Singapore 0.8474
ments. Single sign-on integrated services on portals and participation in one place. The United Nations
11 Canada 0.8430
can organizationally transform public service de- E-Government Survey 2012 differentiates these as
12 Australia 0.8390
livery at both the front and the back end. They can ‘integrated services’ from a single ‘integrated portal.’
13 New Zealand 0.8381
increase functional productivity in governments by In 2012 no country had a true single-sign-on
14 Liechtenstein 0.8264
identifying and improving governance processes integrated portal. The United States, Republic of
15 Switzerland 0.8134
and mechanisms across several departments, lead- Korea, Israel, Australia, Norway, Denmark, Bahrain,
16 Israel 0.8100
ing to greater efficiency and effectiveness of services Qatar, United Arab Emirates and New Zealand are
17 Germany 0.8079
along with needed cost savings. With a focus on among the few that come close to a pure one-stop-
18 Japan 0.8019
governance solutions that enhance service delivery shop portal with information, services and partici-
19 Luxembourg 0.8014
and streamline public sector efficiency, the United pation services integrated on one site.
20 Estonia 0.7987
Nations e-government rankings in 2012 reflect an Most countries from the European Union (EU)
assessment of which countries are undertaking follow the approach of separate portals for their in-
their e-government development with a view to in- formation, service and participation offerings. In
tegrated, user-centric public service delivery. several European countries e-government services
The 2012 Survey assesses web portals with a focus on the nationally organized one-stop channel
view to the provision of e-information, e-services, for the provision of 20 basic e-services essential to
which range from interactive to transactional to net- their citizens while the government-provided in-
worked services, e-participation, and features that formation forms a separate portal with information
are the conduit for service flow from government services integrated on it from across all sectors.
to citizen and consequently a reflection of attention Lessons of experience from the assessment in
to governance processes. Indicators grouped along 2012 indicate that more services have been integrated
the four stages of the model (emerging, enhanced, across sectors and agencies. While this trend is likely
transactional and connected) range from static in- to continue it seems that increasingly complex public
formation such as links to ministries/departments, sector services in the future will be ‘cloud-based’ with
archived information, and regional/local govern- service providers able to address innovation and pro-
ment services; to unidirectional government-to- ductivity upgrades without costly investments by the
citizen (G2C) information flows such as online government. Cloud service equips governments with
policies, laws and regulation, reports, newsletters, greater efficiency by helping them scale up their ser-
and downloadable databases, among other things; vices, including storage capacity, as it evolves. Among
to two-way fi nancial and non-fi nancial transac- the main challenges for large-scale adoption of cloud-
tional services and advanced technical features based government services are the integrity of service,
such as mobile apps; and to integrated and partici- data security and privacy, and regulatory environment
patory services characterized by an integration of in most countries around the world, which will need
11
29. 1 Chapter One
World e-government rankings United Nations E-Government Survey 2012
It is somewhat noteworthy that the emerging
Figure 1.1 Emerging leaders leaders group includes some developing countries
in e-government development that have begun to catch up with higher-income
countries, such as Kazakhstan (0.6844); Chile
Austria 0.7840 (0.6769), Malaysia (0.6703), Colombia (0.6572),
Iceland 0.7835 Barbados (0.6566) and Cyprus (0.6508).
Spain 0.7770 Many of these countries have invested consider-
Belgium 0.7718 able resources in e-government in the last few years.
Slovenia 0.7492 They have expanded infrastructure and human
Monaco 0.7468 skills on which to build further advances in service
Russian Federation 0.7345 delivery and employ the full potential of informa-
United Arab Emirates 0.7344 tion technologies for long-term sustainable develop-
Lithuania 0.7333 ment. Some of the developing countries have found
Croatia 0.7328 ways to leapfrog traditional development cycles by
Hungary 0.7201 deploying mobile technology for bridging the digital
Italy 0.7190 divide. They have reoriented their public sector gov-
Portugal 0.7165 ernance systems towards user-centric approaches
The 2012 Survey Ireland 0.7149 visible on their websites through multichannel ser-
Malta 0.7131 vice delivery features.
extends a special Bahrain 0.6946 As in the case of the world leaders, countries
recognition to those Greece 0.6872 in the emerging leaders group have e-government
Kazakhstan 0.6844 development values close to each other, ranging
countries with a Chile 0.6769 from 0.6508 to 0.7840. Most of them are provid-
population of over Malaysia 0.6703 ing similar levels of e-services such as in the case of
Saudi Arabia 0.6658 Cyprus, which though ranked lowest for this group,
100 million, which Latvia 0.6604 has achieved around 83 per cent of the level of e-gov-
have made the Colombia 0.6572 ernment development of Austria, the group leader.
Barbados 0.6566
tremendous effort Cyprus 0.6508
to provide e-govern- 1.2.1 Countries with
0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80
EGDI a large population
ment services to their
people despite the The raison d’être of the United Nations E-Gov-
continued reform in governance systems and a con- ernment Survey is to assess whether countries are
challenges they face. tinued focus on strengthening institutional linkages. deploying e-government for inclusion-for-all.
Close behind the top world leaders are the 25 Since each country faces a different set of factors
emerging leaders as given in figure 1.1. Among these, that can help or hinder its overall progress towards
16 are in Europe, 6 in Asia and 3 in the Americas. e-government development, this year the United
With close proximity in the e-government develop- Nations Survey is extending special recognition to
ment index value, the leaders among this group are those countries which, with a population of over 100
Austria (0.7840), Iceland (0.7835), Spain (0.7770) and million, have made a tremendous effort to provide
Belgium (0.7718). Substantial effort was made by some e-government services to their people, despite the
countries, which is reflected in their advancement this challenges they face.
year. Notable among these are the Russian Federation Table 1.2 presents e-government development
(0.7345), the United Arab Emirates (0.7344), and in countries with populations larger than 100 mil-
Saudi Arabia (0.6658), all three of which joined the lion that have made a special effort to improve ser-
emerging leaders group. Progress was also noted in the vice delivery to large swathes of their populations.
case of Italy (0.7190) and Portugal (0.7165). It should be kept in mind that the E-Government
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