NURSING INFORMATION & TECHNOLOGY

1. INFORMATION SYSTEM IN
HEALTHCARE
DISHA PATEL

2. INTRODUCTION
 The rapid advancement in Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT) has led to several healthcare facilities making
significant investments in these technologies, to have a positive
impact on patient health outcomes by reducing errors and increasing
patient safety.
 An integrated and collaborative treatment by health facilities
requires the sharing of information between physicians and care
providers involved in the patient's healthcare, which can be shared by
information systems.
 It is important to carry out the necessary medical procedures and
eliminates the repetition of medical tests or ignoring the prior
findings.
 Lack of information systems can lead to lifesaving information being
lost during an emergency situation that can pose a threat to patients
in critical conditions.

3. Different Types of Healthcare Information
Systems
• 1. Medical Practice Management System The medical practice management
system forms an integral part of the healthcare system. It takes care of different
administrative and clinical aspects of your practice. ...
• 2. Electronic Health Record Systems (EHR) ...
• 3. E-Prescribing Software ...
• 4. Remote Patient Monitoring ...
• 5. Master Patient Index (MPI) ...
• 6. Patient Portal ...
• 7. Urgent Care Applications ...
• 8. Medical Billing Software ...

4. CIS Definition/overview
 A clinical information system (CIS) is an information
system designed specifically for use in the critical
care environment, such as in an Intensive Care Unit
(ICU).
 It can network with the many computer systems in a
modern hospital, such as pathology and radiology.
 It draws information from all these systems into an
electronic patient record, which clinicians can see at
the patient’s bedside
 It is a collection of various information technology
applications that provides a centralized repository of
information related to patient care across distributed
locations.
-(McGonigle, D & Mastrain, K).

5. ROLE AND ARCHITECTURE OF INFORMATION
SYSTEM IN MODERN HEALTH CARE
ENVIRONMENT
 The information systems and technologies such as EHRs
(Electronic Health Records), CDSS (Clinical Decision Support
System), Electronic prescription, electronic referral, etc.
allow information sharing among healthcare facilities.
 These potential tools help improve the quality of patient care,
patient safety as well as the efficiency of the healthcare
system.
 The Health Management Information System can be defined as
a management and information system primarily developed to
improve healthcare facilities and organizations' planning,
management and decision-making.

6. ROLE AND ARCHITECTURE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN MODERN HEALTH CARE
ENVIRONMENT cont..
 (1)Administrative and Management Area
 I supports processes like general administration
 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Human Resource (HR) Planning.
 (2)Front-Office Area
 The front office area deals with patient reception
 Waiting lists or appointment management.
 The common solutions are COBC (Centralized Outpatient Booking Centre)
and procedures related to ADT (Acceptance-Discharge-Transfer).

7. ROLE AND ARCHITECTURE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN MODERN HEALTH
CARE ENVIRONMENT cont..
 (3)Clinical Area
 They are mainly EMRs and Departmental systems:
 Radiology information systems (RIS): Manages acquisition of
radiological images, their analysis and relative reporting.
 Laboratory information systems (LIS): Manages exam request from
clinical units, supports sophisticated controls with validation of
results.
 Applications of operating room: Manages interventions to logging
of both events and data relevant to surgery and production of
clinical surgery documentation.

8. ROLE AND ARCHITECTURE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN MODERN
HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT cont..
 (4)Shared Services
 This includes the following services:
 Central patients and encoding database
 Prescriptions generation
 Order entry
 Medical reports generation
 Clinical repository

9. Role of Health Information Systems
 Electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic health record (EHR): The EMR
and HER replace the conventional paper version of patient's medical history, test
results, and treatments.
 Practice management software: It helps healthcare providers manage daily
operations, such asscheduling and billing. It helps to automate administrative
tasks.
 Master patient index (MPI): It connects separate patient records across different
databases, across different healthcare organizations. This helps to reduce
duplication among patient recordsand provides accurate patient information.
 Patient portals: It can allow patients to access their personal health data
(appointment information,medication, test results, etc.) and even allow active
communication with healthcare providers using internet.
 Remote patient monitoring (RPM): It allows medical sensors to send patient data
to healthcare providers, and is used to detect medical events that require
intervention. This is also known as tele-health.
 Clinical decision support (CDS): CDSS analyse data from various clinical and
administrative systems to help healthcare providers make clinical decisions,
prepare diagnoses or predict medical events. 2.

10. A computerized information system has many possibilities for
data management to create reportsfor specific purposes, as
highlighted in Figure

11. Benefits of Information System in
Modern Healthcare
 Data analytics: The healthcare industry constantly produces data. Information
systems helpgather, compile and analyse health data to help manage population
health and reduce healthcarecosts. Then the healthcare data analysis can improve
patient care.
 Collaborative care: Patients often need to treatments from different healthcare
providers. Health information systems-such as health information exchanges
(HIES)- allow healthcare facilitiesto access common health records.
 Cost control: Using digital networks to exchange healthcare data creates
efficiencies and costsavings. When regional markets use health information
exchanges to share data, healthcareproviders see reduced costs. On a smaller
scale, hospitals aim for the same efficiencies withelectronic health records.
 Population health management: Health information systems can aggregate
patient data, analyse it and identify trends in populations. The technology also
works in reverse. Clinical decision support systems can use big data to help
diagnose individual patients and treat them.

12. HOSPITAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM (HIS)

13. INTRODUCTION
 The hospital information system (HIS) plays an important role in simplifying the workflow of
hospitals by digitizing the entire operations of a hospital. HIS is a comprehensive, integrated
information system
 designed to manage all the aspects of a hospital's operation, such as medical, administrative,
financial, and legal issues and the corresponding processing of services.
 The HIS is focused primarily on the operations management of the hospital. It has majorly
two modules:
 (1)Clinical Module
 The Clinical module of this system is patient centric that deals with patient appointments,
registration, billing, medicines, doctors and the treatments, surgeries. The clinical part eases
out the tasks for consultants thus doctors spends more time with patients and able to consult
more patients as well.
 (2)Administration Module
 The Administration module of HIS handles the back office information such as Accounts, Stores,
asset management, human resource management, billing and insurance and so on. This is an
important module for the hospital management to keep track of the revenue, outstanding
payments, purchases and stocks.Avanttec, a healthcare IT Organization, came out with a HIS
that suits any type and size of hospitals.

14. Need of HIS
 Higher revenue management
 Enhanced clinical decision making
 Enhanced data security
 Elimination of errors
 Increased capability of system to retrieve required data
 Enhanced efficiency and patient care
 Higher reputation of healthcare facility through good quality ratings

15. Features in HIS

16. Features in HIS cont..
 Appointment: Appointment scheduling features help the patients book their
appointments online from anywhere, which you can cut down the time and
emergencies, as well as let the patients know the availability of the
radiologists, doctors, or other healthcare specialists.
 Integration with IP, OP and OT: The HIS comes integrated with three critical
features, like Inpatient, Outpatient and Operation Theatre Management that
includes appointment management, reports,asset management (availability
and allocation of hospital beds, etc.), room management, andworkforce
planning.
 Billing and insurance: The HIS should be able to handle patient registration,
doctor fees, tests conducted, etc. The hospital staff should be able to enter
insurance discounts, service price, any other additional charges, etc. so that
the billing process is streamlined and the patient's family can pay bill timely
before the patient is discharged. The HIS can also help with insurance claims
via insurance auto-detection, insurance templates and tax calculation as per
the country's guidelines.
 Laboratory integration: The HIS Laboratory integration module should take
care of sample collection, machine interfacing, and subsequently broadcast
and record information about the tests being performed. It should also handle
custom reports, analytics, hospital blood blanks and write findings.

17.  Pharmacy integration: The HIS pharmacy integration module should take
care of stock management, automatic expiry alerts, barcodes, inbuilt tax
calculations, etc. across different pharmacies. It should also be able to
handle prescriptions, stock movement, and other required reports. The
module should also be able to transfer charges to the patient's billing once
the medicines have been received by the patient.
 Speciality based modules: The HIS should have centralized reporting tools for
X-rays, Ultrasound, CT scan, PACS, etc. that should be compatible with other
imaging technologies to deliver perfect results. This data should be available
to patient and relevant healthcare providers using an identification and
password for checking the reports and results.
 Integrated interface and distinct user roles: HIS reduced chances of security
breach, so as to provide people with privacy and data security. The patient
data should be accessible only by authenticated users as and when required.

18. Benefits of HIS
 Reduces errors: Hospital software is easy to use and eliminates error caused by
hand writingin conventional reports. The new technology computer systems also
have features to pull up information from server. This helps to reduce errors and
deliver quality patient care. and record
 Better revenue management: HIS, when implemented well, cuts out on a lot of
manual work that are essentially performed in hospitals, especially the ones where
documentation keeping is required. It also saves much on storage and the related
costs.
 Optimizing resource management: HIS enhances information integrity. It
promotes efficient and accurate administration of finance, diet of patient,
engineering, and distribution of medical aid. It helps to view a broad picture of
hospital growth.
 Greater visibility: The system's capability allows the healthcare providers and
management to perform statistical analysis through tools which enable a greater
understanding of the needs of the healthcare facility.
 Better planning: HIS provides deep insight into the work structure, processes and
flows of the business environment. HIS allows reduces duplication of information.
 Efficient management of inventory: HIS helps to achieve real-time, usage-based
inventory management within the OT, OPD, pharmacies, laboratories, etc.

19. Challenges to Adoption of HIS
 Data privacy and security: It is important for patients to feel safe when their
medical records are shared with another healthcare facility. The patient
should feel confident that his data would be shared only among authorized
users, and that the doctor-patient confidentiality is not violated.
 Huge cost: The adoption of HIS would require digital infrastructure and
technical sophistication, as well as highly skilled human resources. This
involves a huge initial investment. Failure of management to see benefit in
implementing HIS would not let them budget in the cost of adoption of HIS
 Lack of readiness of medical professionals: Moving from a paper based to
digital system would need medical professionals to readily accept the change
as well as learn more about the features and functions of the system. Due to
professional overload or personal barriers, the lack of readiness of healthcare
providers can lead to delay in adoption of HIS.
 Poor System Design and Lack of customization: There may be some
physicians who do not want to be constrained by a rigid software system.

20. CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (CIS)
 The Clinical Information System facilitates direct patient care, ie., activities
where care providers but also includes dieticians, therapists, clinical
psychologists, clinical pharmacists, clinical microbiologists, endoscopists,
optometrists, audiologists and many others.
 The CIS contains application modules that enable the following:
 Planning of care
 Provision of clinical decision support
 Clinical data documentation
 Quality control
 Data storage
 Data retrieval and display
 A major contribution of CIS to clinical safety and quality is through the
provision of an electronic prescribing and administration record for drugs and
fluids. CIS ensure legibility, attribution and completeness of administration
and prescribing.

21. ANY QUESTION?

22. THANK YOU!!!