The document provides an overview of data, big data, and data analytics, explaining their definitions, significance, and benefits in business operations. It highlights how data analytics enables companies to improve decision-making, marketing, and customer service while discussing the differences between big data and traditional databases. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of raw data as the foundation for analysis and the need for conversion into binary format for processing by computers.

1. Mrs. D. Suja Mary
Assistant Professor
Nanjil Catholic College of Arts and Science,
Kaliyakkavilai

2. What is Data?
 The quantities, characters, or symbols on which
operations are performed by a computer, which
may be stored and transmitted in the form of
electrical signals and recorded on magnetic,
optical, or mechanical recording media.
What is Big Data?
 Big Data is a collection of data that is huge in
volume, yet growing exponentially with time. It
is a data with so large size and complexity that
none of traditional data management tools can
store it or process it efficiently. Big data is also a
data but with huge size.

3. What Is Data Analytics?
 The term data analytics refers to the process of
examining datasets to draw conclusions about the
information they contain. Data analytic techniques
enable you to take raw data and uncover patterns to
extract valuable insights from it.
 Data Scientists and Analysts use data analytics
techniques in their research, and businesses also use
it to inform their decisions.
 Data analysis can help companies better understand
their customers, evaluate their ad campaigns,
personalize content, create content strategies and
develop products.
 businesses can use data analytics to boost business
performance and improve their bottom line.

4.  Analysis techniques give businesses access to insights that can help
them to improve their performance.
 As the importance of data analytics in the business world
increases, it becomes more critical that our company understand
how to implement it. Some benefits of data analytics include:
 1. Improved Decision Making
Companies can use the insights they gain from data analytics to
inform their decisions, leading to better outcomes.
 2. More Effective Marketing
Data analytics also gives us useful insights into how our campaigns
are performing so that can fine-tune them for optimal outcomes.
 3. Better Customer Service
Data analytics provide us with more insights into our customers,
allowing us to tailor customer service to their needs, provide more
personalization and build stronger relationships with them.
 4. More Efficient Operations
Data analytics can help us streamline our processes, save money
and boost our bottom line. When we have an improved
understanding of what our audience wants, we waste less time on
creating ads and content that don’t match our audience’s
interests.

5.  It is an organized collection of structured data. It is a
collection of related information.
 DB stores and access data electronically.
 A database is stored as a file or a set of files on magnetic
disk or tape, optical disk, or some other secondary storage
device.
 It is an data structure that stores organized information.
 They are administrated to facilitate the storage of data,
retrieval of data, modification of data, and deletion of
data.
 It allows processing various data-processing operations.
 Databases bolster stockpiling and control of information.
 Databases make information administration simple.
 Any database developer with certain sets of syntax can
process can work on the database

6.  A DB is a collection of related data. There are
two types of databases – Relation Database
Management System while other is Non –
Relational Database Management System.
 If we are storing and capable of processing a
very huge volume of data in databases,
Definitely we can store and process Big Data
through relational or Non-relational Databases.
 Big data is not going to replace databases. In one
form or other we will be using SQL databases to
store and process Big Data. In this regard, Big
Data is completely separate from DB.

7. Given below is the difference between Big Data and Database:
 Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size or type is beyond
the ability of traditional relational databases. A traditional
database is not able to capture, manage, and process the high
volume of data with low-latency While Database is a collection of
information that is organized so that it can be easily captured,
accessed, managed and updated.
 Big Data refers to technologies and initiatives that involve data
that is too diverse i.e. varieties, rapid-changing or massive for
skills, conventional technologies, and infrastructure to address
efficiently While Database management system (DBMS) extracts
information from the database in response to queries but it in
restricted conditions.
 There can be any varieties of data while DB can be defined through
some schema.
 It is difficult to store and process while Databases like SQL, data
can be easily stored and process.

8.  Raw data is the data that is collected from a
source, but in its initial state. It has not yet
been processed — or cleaned, organized, and
visually presented. Raw data can be
manually written down or typed, recorded,
or automatically input by a machine. You can
find raw data in a variety of places, including
databases, files, spreadsheets, and even on
source devices, such as a camera.

9.  Data analysts, software, and artificial
intelligence (AI) all work to transform raw data
into processed data.
 They start by organizing and cleaning the raw
data. One of the most important parts of this
process is removing outliers and duplicates within
the data set.
 The next step is an initial analysis that may
involve data manipulation. Especially if analysts
are analyzing raw data based on human responses
to a question, they will look closely at those
responses and determine if respondents
inaccurately replied to the question in a way that
will change the results.

10.  Raw data serves several purposes, particularly in businesses
where full data visibility is key to statistical and predictive
analytics.
Here are a few reasons why businesses heavily rely on raw data
sources:
 Raw data is the starting phase of all data and the initial source of
data-based decisions. You can’t make visually compelling charts
or overarching analytical statements about processed data until
we’ve worked through all of the raw data.
 We can trust the integrity of raw data. We don’t have to worry
that something has been removed or adjusted, because the
format has not yet been manipulated by humans or machines.
 AI and machine learning methods can only analyze data in a raw
format. Once the data has been processed, it is illegible to these
technologies.
 Raw data gives you a backup resource. We can check our work
and go back to the source after processing and manipulating our
data sets. It’s all there for your reference if we run into a
problem and need a new analysis.

11. All data inside a computer is transmitted as a
series of electrical signals that are either on
or off. Therefore, in order for a computer to
be able to process any kind of data, including
text, images and sound, they must be
converted into binary form.

12.  Data Representation Types of data: – Numbers – Text – Images
– Audio & Video
 Text
 When any key on a keyboard is pressed, it needs to be
converted into a binary number so that it can be processed by
the computer and the typed character can appear on the
screen.
 A code where each number represents a character can be used
to convert text into binary. One code we can use for this is
called ASCII. The ASCII code takes each character on the
keyboard and assigns it a binary number.

13.  Images also need to be converted into binary in
order for a computer to process them so that
they can be seen on our screen. Digital images
are made up of pixels. Each pixel in an image is
made up of binary numbers.
 If we say that 1 is black (or on) and 0 is white (or
off), then a simple black and white picture can
be created using binary.

14.  The terms audio and video commonly refers
to the time-based media storage format for
sound/music and moving pictures
information. Audio and video digital
recording, also referred as audio and video
codecs, can be uncompressed, lossless
compressed, or lossy compressed depending
on the desired quality and use cases.

15.  Connected objects are another source of raw
data, which retrieves a large amount of data
through their sensors.
 The Internet of Things (IoT) contributes to
double the size of the digital universe every 2
years, which could be 44,000 billion gigabytes in
2020, 10 times more than in 2013
 The connected object thus allows extend the
scope of internet allowing any object, machine
or living element to transmit information about
its environment and eventually be activated
remotely.