Voice Over Power Point America & Mesoamerica Ancient Civilizations

1. UNIT
AMERICAS
&
MESOAMERICA
1 • All Images found on the Internet have a hyperlink with the full reference on the reference slide.
• Images without a hyperlink are clipart from Microsoft Office
• All Information is from the textbook cited on the reference page and images from the textbook are
cited on the correlating slide.
 Covered
• Economics
• Social Structure
• Government
• Religion
• Culture
• Interaction
• 5 Themes

2. 1. Who are the key figures in these civilizations.
2. What are the geographic landmarks in and around these civilizations
and how did they impact their success or failure? (WH.H.2.1)
3. How do different Geographic issues of the ancient period influence
where people settle & how they trade. (WH.H.2.1)
4. What type of governments do these ancient civilization have?
(Oligarchy/Theocracy/Democracy/Tyranny/Aristocracy etc…) (WH.H2.2)
5. What role did religion play in the politics and power of ancient
civilizations? (WH.H.2.2)
6. How did the governments types influence the success or failure of
civilizations? (WH.H.2.2)
7. What type of laws, if any, did these civilizations have and why? Did the
law/requirement help to maintain or build the success of the
civilization? Explain (WH.H.2.3)
8. How did empires rise and influence lands conquered? (WH.H.2.4 & 2.7
& 2.9)
9. What did the religions of these civilizations look like and how do they
compare? (WH.H.2.5)
2

3. 8. Identify the routes for trade and items that were most traded.
(WH.H.2.1)
9. How did trade provide power for some groups? (WH.H.2.1)
10.Describe the racial make up and general social structure in these
ancient civilizations. (WH.H.2.8)
11.How does the racial make up, status of social classes, and slaves in
these ancient societies change over time and what elements
influenced that change? (WH.H.2.8)
12.What innovations & inventions impacted the success and failure of
these ancient civilizations? How did these innovations & inventions
impact other groups? (Precursor to WH.H.3.3, 4.3, 5.3, & 8.3)
3

4. 1. Pre-Assessment
2. Power Point Assignment Document-*WH.H.1.1 & WH.H 1.3
 You will complete the Power Point assignments on the Power Point
Assignment document in the unit folder on Schoology.
 You will upload your completed document to the Power Point
Assignment found in the unit folder ( also found on the Calendar) on
Schoology.
 See the calendar to check your due dates.
3. SAS Assignments-(listed in detail on next slide) *WH.H.1.1-4
 You will complete the SAS assignments on the SAS documents found in
the unit folder on Schoology.
 You will upload your completed document to the SAS Assignment in the
unit folder (also found on the Calendar) on Schoology.
 See the calendar to check your due dates.
4. Test-Includes-Target Questions, Map and Timeline Interpretations, Primary Source
Document Interpretation & Application.
4

5. SAS Assignments
5
 SAS: 1342 Early North American Civilizations-20 Minute Estimated Time
 Video-In English With Subtitles
 Worksheet-Specific directions are on the assignment document *Do not complete
on the SAS site
 Quiz
 Discussion Board Question
 SAS: 1219 Aztec & Inca Civilizations- 20 Minute Estimated Time
 Worksheet-Specific directions are on the assignment documet *Do not complete
on the SAS site
 Movie Clips-In English With Subtitles
 Primary Source Document Analysis
 Discussion Board Question
SAS Directions
Go to- http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/portal/
• Click-Login In (upper right corner)
• Type In the Username bar ONLY- divided5action
• Type In the Bar Containing QL# (upper right corner)- The SAS number 1342 or 1219
• *Note-SAS 1219 will ask for your name. It does not matter what you put here as your
assignment is to be done on the documents attached on your assignment. Look at the
worksheets before you begin. It may be helpful to print these and take notes first before typing
them and uploading.
 SAS worksheets to be done as you review the SAS assignments on SAS Curriculum
Pathways.
 These worksheet assignments are found in the unit folder on Schoology.
 These worksheet assignments are to be uploaded to the SAS Assignment found
in the unit folder and/or on the Schoology calendar.
 I strongly suggest doing the SAS assignments when a slide indicates to do so.

6. Timeline
6
Inuit
700 to 1200
AD
FLOURISHED
3,000 BC to
Present
500 AD-1200
AD
FLOURISHED
300 A.D. to
700 A.D.
1325 to 1525
A.D.
1,000 B.C. to
Present
950 to 1150
A.D.
FLOURISHED
1200 B.C. to
400 BC
300 A.D. to
900 AD
FLOURISHED
Toltec
Plains
Indians
Iroquois
Moche
Chavin
Aztec
900 B.C. to
200 B.C.
1300 A.D. to
1531 A.D.
200 B.C. to
600 A.D.
Nazca
Inca
Maya
Hopewell
Anasazi
Olmec
North America
Mesoamerica
South America
KEY

7. North American Peoples
Inuit
Hopewell
Iroquois
Plains Indians
Anasazi
7
Land Bridge Formed
In Ice Age
Scientists believe the original inhabitants
traveled across this ice bridge entering the
American Continent and spreading down
throughout South America.

8. Artic & NW
INUIT
http://www.fredericb
ack.com/medias/medi
ums/C_0960.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
2rztu2rw2Mo/UPeVquq8vhI/AAAAAAAAJ3Q/Knopd
F2IlPc/s1600/Igloo-inside_large.jpg
3,000 BC-Present
Cross the land bridge…
Harsh ENVIRONMNET=Tundra
(treeless land south of Artic)
Needed to learn special skill set to survive
To Hunt:
Spears from
Narwhal tusk
Seal
Caribou
Fish
Shelter:
Narwhal tusks &
skins
Igloos for
temporary shelter http://www.britannica.com/blogs/wp-
content/uploads/2011/03/narwhals.jpg
http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/Inu
it_house.gif
8

9. http://mappery.com/maps/Bering-Strait-Map.mediumthumb.gif
9

10. Eastern Woodlands
Hopewell=Mound
Builders
http://upload.wiki
media.org/wikiped
ia/commons/d/d2/
Mound_City_Chilli
cothe_Ohio_HRoe
_2008.jpg
1000 B.C.-1200’s A.D.
Early Hopewell:
Grew Crops-Full time about 700 A.D.
Gathered Wild Plant Food
Hunted Game
Built Earthen Mounds
Mounds:
Elaborate & Large
For Tombs & Ceremonies
Some in the Shape of Animals
Crops:
Grew Corn, squash, and beans
together to provide necessary
shade for shorter plants
Flourished
700 A.D.-1200 A.D.
10

11. Hopewell=Mound
Builders
(ONE E.W. GROUP)
Eastern Woodlands
Cities Begin to Rise
Cahokia (main city)
Approximately
40,000 people
Base is larger than the Great Pyramid in Egypt!
MYSTERY=This seat of government collapsed in the 1200’s
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-illinois/CahokiaMounds-old.jpg
• Significant trade
throughout the vast
river systems
(primarily
Mississippi)
1,000 B.C-1200’s A.D.
Flourish 700 A.D.-1200’s A.D.
11

12. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo
ns/e/ef/Hopewell_Exchange_Network_HRoe_2
010.jpg
12
Primary
Trade
Note the
Expanses
of
Hopewell
Groups

13. Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois
(ONE E.W. GROUP)
CORN
SQUASH
BEANS
http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/IroquoisVillage/images/longhouseslg.jpg
LONGHOUSES
150-200 FT
DOZENS OF
FAMILIES
“According to legend, the 5 nations of
the Iroquois League came together
sometime during the 1500’s after a
period of warfare. The members of the
Iroquois League referred to their union
by a word which means “people
building a longhouse.”
League members were joined together by
Common Laws. The Iroquois Constitution
includes guideline on religious tolerance,
impeachment, succession, illness of a
leader, treason, dissolution, declaration
of war, emigration, asylum, and rights of
foreign nation, In 1754 Benjamin
Franklin used the Iroquois League as a
model of a Plan of Union for British
Colonies. Thomas Jefferson later referred
to these similarities when he called the
U.S. Constitution a “tree of peace,” the
symbol of the Iroquois League!!
Check Yourself
What were the key features of an
Iroquois Longhouse?
In what ways did the Iroquois
League resemble a longhouse?
1,000 B.C.-PRESENT
13

14. http://voiceseducation.org/Portals/2/Dangerous%20Memories/W
%20Hempishere/IroquoisConfederacy.JPG
14

15. Eastern Woodlands
Iroquois LENGEND HAS IT…
Internal warring nearly torn apart the
Iroquois…BUT
Deganawida (Iroquois Elder) preach of
peace…AND…
Hiawatha (An Onondaga Iroquois) listened!
ENTER: the GREAT PEACE…
…of alliance the IROQUOIS NATION
50 IROQUOIS LEADERS=
GRAND COUNCIL
Pronounce-
http://www.yourdictionary.com/deganawidah#
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/media/i
roquois-council-discussions-753.jpg
http://www.mjtimes.sk.ca/media/photos/unis/2013/0
8/06/photo_2404050_article_large.jpg
15

16. GREAT PLAINS
Plains Indians
Rivers Edge Settlements
Grew beans/corn/squash
Hunting:
• Men hunted buffalo often
startling them and
making them stampede
off a cliff.
• At times villages moved
seasonally to follow the
herds.
http://www.greatdr
eams.com/native/c
omanche.jpg
A Comanche camp in 1834
by George Catlin
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals/images/1024/relentless-buffalo-herd.jpg
1,000 B.C.-Present (much of there
is culture lost)
16

17. Southwest
Anasazi
Canals and Earthen Dams Created
• Grew crops with water source created.
Pueblos Built=Homes
• Adobe (sun dried) bricks and stone used
*Pueblo Bonito
(Chaco Canyon NW New Mexico)=Large
multistoried structures housing more than
10,000 people! It included communal rooms
for public engagements (ceremonies).
http://www.travel-pictures-
gallery.com/images/tibet/tibet-
country/tibet-country-0044.jpg
Pueblo Bonito did not survive a
series of droughts that occurred
over a 50 year period.
1,000 B.C.-?
Key-500 A.D.-1200’s
A.D.
17

18. *Pueblo Bonito
http://www.jqjacobs.net/southwest/images/pueblo_bonito_plan.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Pueblo_B
onito_Aerial.JPG
18

19. Southwest
Anasazi
Mesa Verde
(Southern Colorado)=Large
series of buildings in the
recesses of the cliff walls
Anasazi abandoned the
settlement in the late 1200’s due
to drought!
http://www.mesaverdecountry.com/tourism/archaeology/gif/visitmv.jpg
19

20. 20
Early North America Civilizations SAS Assignment
SAS: 1342 Early North
American Civilizations-Video
STOP & DO THIS
SAS ASSIGNMENT!

21. Mesoamerican Peoples
Olmec
Maya
Toltec
Aztec
http://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.
com/file/view/aztec-mayan-
map.jpg/30379099/aztec-mayan-map.jpg
21

22. Mesoamerican Peoples
Olmec
“Rubber People”
http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/rubber
-2.jpg
Rubber
Tree
1200 B.C.-400 B.C
River Banks (swampy lowlands of the
coast of Gulf of Mexico)
Grew crops and traded for jade &
obsidian to make tools, jewelry and
monuments.
1st Known
Civilization in
Mesoamerica
22

23. Mesoamerican Peoples
Olmec
Large Cities
Centers for Religious rituals
San Lorenzo= Oldest City
La Venta= 30 Ft High
Pyramids and other stone
monuments like colossal stone
heads!
Stone Head
in the Parque
Museo de La
Venta museum
in Mexico
10
Ft
http://sciweb.8m.com/amp1.jpg http://www.wallcoo.net/human/2009_Travel_Geographic_Desktop_02/images/Olmec%20Stone%20Head%20Parque-
Museo%20La%20Venta%20Villahermosa%20Tabasco%20Mexico.jpg
30
Ft
23
1200 B.C.-400 B.C

24. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Early_Mesoamerican_Ballgame_sites_1.svg/756px-
Early_Mesoamerican_Ballgame_sites_1.svg.png
Mesoamerican Peoples
Olmec
400 B.C.-Unknown reasons-Cities decline
and eventually collapse.
Stone ball court
(ceremonial games)-
Later practiced by the
Mayans
Jaguar-like God
-Later seen in Mayan
religion
Calendar & Numeric
System
-Later adopted by the
Mayans
http://www.essential-humanities.net/images2/mesoamerican-ball-court.jpg
http://0.tqn.com/h/archaeology/1/H/H/G/ballcourt2.jpg
24
1200 B.C.-400 B.C

25. Mesoamerican Peoples
Olmec
City of Teotihuacan
(TAY*oh*TEE*wuh*Kahn)
“Place of the Gods”
250 B.C.-400 B.C.
In a fertile valley
Farmers
• 8 Square Miles
• 200,000 People
• Huge Trade
Center
• Human &
Animal
Sacrifices
Pyramid of the
Sun=over 200 FT
Trade-
Exported-Obsidian tools, volcanic glass,
jewelry and pottery
Imported-Shells. Bird feathers, & other raw
materials for their crafts.
http://www.pasthorizonspr.com/index.php/archives/02/2012/jade-mask-found-inside-pyramid-of-the-sun
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Teotihuac%C3%A1n_-_Face_Plaque_-_Walters_296_-_Three_Quarter_Left.jpg
800 A.D.-Unknown Reasons-
Ruling class left and city was
destoyed and abandoned.
25
This city did
not collapse
until around
800 A.D.*Long
after the
Olmec
civilization
collapsed!
Pyramid of the
Moon

26. Mesoamerican Peoples
Maya
http://jingreed.typepad.com
/.a/6a00d8341c73fe53ef010
5360fd328970b-800wi
Flourished
300 A.D.-900 A.D.
Farmers
Cleared dense rain
forest and cultivated
the land.
Accurate & Complicated
Calendar
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_6K4an
3_7Kkk/TL9fKSurrXI/AAAAAAAACn
A/Duan2dwGLNU/s1600/MayanCal
endar1905-lg.jpg
26

27. Mesoamerican Peoples
Maya
Tikal
http://www.authenticmaya.c
om/images/ancient-tikal.gif
Central Pyramid
surrounded by
many palaces,
temples and a
sacred ball court
City
Structure
http://www.latinameric
anstudies.org/tikal/tikal
-aerial.jpg
http://wikitravel.org/upl
oad/en/thumb/7/7d/Tik
al.jpg/400px-Tikal.jpg
http://www.buzzle.com/images/religions
/mayan-religion/maya-human-
sacrifice.jpg
27

28. Mesoamerican Peoples
Maya
http://www.educ
atinghumanity.co
m/2012/11/Facts-
Secrets-Mayans-
Top-10-List-
Photos.html
• City-States
• Governors=Hereditary Rule &
Considered Descendants of
Gods
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
PEaJe2niKAc/TuBrUAJhWNI/AAAAAAAAAG8/PGeQJNtXLtk/s320/Apocalypto+%25282006%25
29+BRRip_Amzingcinema+Screenshot+4.jpeg
Often at war!
Prisoners
often made
slaves and/or
sacrificed!
• Peasants lived in the hills
in adobe and thatch
dwellings
• Nobles and Scribes
(likely also priests)
helped the governors
rule
28

29. Mesoamerican Peoples
Maya
• Peasants lived in the hills
in adobe and thatch
dwellings
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla
/faculty/troufs/anth1602/p
ctextiles.html
Mayan women
raised children,
cook (cornmeal
key food) and
made textiles
http://upload.wiki
media.org/wikiped
ia/commons/e/e0/
Cocoa_Pods.JPG
Cultivated
Cocoa-
Mostly for
the
Nobles
Beans were such a commodity that
they were even used as $29

30. Mesoamerican Peoples
Maya
Spirituality=Crucial to Mayans
• Mayan Gods
• Had both good
and evil traits
• Some considered
one or the other
*Jaguar “God of
Night”=Evil!
• Ranked in order
of importance
• Sacrifices of
children, slaves
captives & more
performed
ritualistically
Ceremonial
Sacrifice
Example:
If a male heir
was born there
would be slaves
taken,
TORTURED AND
BEHEADED
Took Lots of
Natural Drugs
(Hallucinogens
and Pain Killers)
for Ceremonies.
http://o.quizlet.
com/Z-
G3qw6oU0gIjC
MPRx73Vg_m.p
ng
30

31. Mesoamerican Peoples
Maya
• Sophisticated
form of
Hieroglyphic
(pictures)
writing!
• SPANISH
CONQUERERS
FELT THE
WRITING
WAS EVIL
AND SOUGHT
TO DESTROY
IT ALL
To save there writing
from the Spanish; they
wrote on bark, folded it
up like an accordian
and painted a thin
sheet of plaster over it.
4 Books
Survived!
900 A.D. Reasons Unknown= Possible
Volcano/Revolt/Land Overuse
“We found a large number of books in these characters
and, as they contained nothing in which there were not to
be seen superstition and lies of the devil, we burned
them all, which they regretted to an amazing degree and
which caused them much affliction.”
-Bishop Diego de Landam sixteenth Century,
Spievogel, (2008)
Many centuries later we were finally able to
decipher the language by using the Mayan
calendar hieroglyphs as a guide. These
hieroglyphs tell the story of important events
in the Maya history and particularly of its
rulers.
31

32. SEE ALSO
PICTURE
PAGE 377
http://www.mayankids.com/im
ages/maproll4.gif
32

33. Mesoamerican Peoples
Toltec
High Point=
950 A.D.-
1150 A.D.
Tula=Center
of the
Empire
Tula River
Irrigation=Farming
Controlled Yucatan
Peninsula from
Chichen Itza for
centures
Warlike People
Similar Social
Structure, Culture
and Religious Beliefs
1150 A.D. Reasons for Decline=
Internal Wars & Eventual Aztec
Take Over
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c
/c4/Tula_Oblast_Don_river_near_the_village_of_Tatinki_I
MG_5305_1280.jpg/800px-
Tula_Oblast_Don_river_near_the_village_of_Tatinki_IMG_
5305_1280.jpg
33

34. Mesoamerican Peoples
Aztec
The Aztecs arrival story is unknown but according to legend…
…it is said that when they arrived in the Valley of Mexico peoples
drove them out and into a snake infested region…
…but in their resilence and strong relgious beliefs; they
survived holding on to the promise that a sign would come
from their god of war and of sun- Huitzilopochtli.
Pronounce=
http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=huitzilop
ochtli
…It is said that the sign did come and the god said
that when they saw an eagle perched on a cactus
growing out of a rock, their journey would be at an
end.
…In 1325 after being driven into swamps & the
islands of Lake Texcoco by another people the sign
was finally seen!
34

35. Mesoamerican Peoples
Aztec
…They cultivated this swampy land creating canals to make islands fertile
for crops.
…They made roadways of stone crisscrossing this swampy land linking all
islands to the mainland. They named their heart of their civilization.
Tenochtitlan (“Place of the prickly pear cactus”).
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org
/aztecs/aztecs21.gif
35

36. Mesoamerican Peoples
Aztec
The empire was broken down into semi-independent territories ruled
by lords/governors that paid TRIBUTE to the Aztec ruler. In turn, the
ruler provided protection. While is was an AUTHORITATIAN state a
council of lords did assist the Aztec ruler.
Political
Structure
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Aztec_Empire_c_1519.png
36

37. Mesoamerican Peoples
Aztec
Social
Structure
Men
Nobility-
• They were sent to temple schools that
stress military training. They could pick a
career in government, military or
priesthood.
• They were
rewarded with
large estates for
there service.
Remaining
Population
Commoners-Farmers &
Merchants
Indentured Workers-
landless workers working for
nobility
Slaves
Women
Stay Home
• It is said that the midwife
would say to a …
…to a BOY, “You must
understand that your home
is not here where you have
been born, for you are a
warrior.”
…to a GIRL, “As the heart
stays in the body, so you
must stay in the house.”37
Quote-Spievogel, (2008)

38. Mesoamerican Peoples
Aztec
Religion
Structure
Many Gods..Ometeotl is
Supreme God=All powerful
forces of the heavens.
Existence is an unending
struggle between good
and evil.
Quetzalcoatl, a god more involved
in their daily lives ….
…had great impact on their history.
…It was said that in the 10th century this god
left his homeland in the valley of Mexico with the
promise to return in victory.
…When the Spaniards landed in the 1500’s
the Aztec people believed their god had
sent representatives. 
38

39. Mesoamerican Peoples
Aztec
In the fight of good and evil; the 4 worlds and 4 suns
were thought to have been destroyed.
The believed they were in the
time of the 5th sun and this world
was also to fall to destruction;
this time by earthquakes.
Only
HUMAN
SACRIFICE
could postpone
this day of
reckoning!
http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Renaissance/Aztecs/AztecSacrifice2.jpg
39

40. Mesoamerican Peoples
Azte
cTenochtitlan
and 2 other
city-states
formed a
Triple
Alliance that
resulted in
an empire
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs/aztec-empire-map.jpg
40

41. The Aztec king,
Ahuizotl, who ruled
from 1486-1502,
offered the following
prayer to the god
Huitzilopochtli while
celebrating a
successful military
campaign.
Listen to the excerpt.
As you listen consider the
following questions and write a
response.
1. What do you think this prayer
reveals about the Aztec people’s
values?
2. Does it contradict what you
have just learned about the
Aztec people? Explain briefly.
41

42. South American Peoples
Chavin
Nazca
Moche
Inca
http://realhistoryww.com/world_
history/ancient/Images_Olmec/im
age001.jpg
42
Note the Vast
Expanse of Roadways
Connecting the Empire
& Encouraging Trade

43. South American Peoples
Chavin
Nazca
The City of Caral in the Supe River Valley of
Peru is the oldest major city in the
Americas. Although evidence of organized
government and sophisticated irragation
system; they abandoned between 2000 &
1500 B.C.
Around 900 B.C. the Chavin people prospered
along the coast of Peru building temples &
pyramids with stones. But alas, their
civilization was no more around 200 B.C.-
REASONS UNKOWN.
Around 200 B.C. the Nazca culture
appeared in Peru. They had NO
great temples BUT they did have
….. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/
nazca/nazca-lines1.gif
http://gator1805.hostgator.com/~align/maryleelabay.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/nazca-lines.jpg
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02072/nazca_2072615b.jpg
http://2010fall.blog.ntu.edu.tw/files/2010/12/12-Lineas-de-Nasca-
mysteryperu1.jpg
These can
only be
seen from
SPACE!
43

44. South American Peoples
Moche
Around 300 B.C. the valley of the
Moche river gives birth to
another civilization.
http://www.kathyamen.net/peru/trujillo/valleyw1.jpg
Farmers with a vast territory but
yet no written language.
However, their pottery and
art clearly indicate a war
like culture where human
sacrifice was common.
Maize (corn)
peanuts,
potatoes and
cotton
Around 700 A.D. collapsed
due to steady decline the
kingdom of Chimor took
control for nearly 400 years
before the Inca destroyed it.
300 A.D-700 A.D.
44

45. South American Peoples
Inca (“ruler”) *Emperor descended for Inti, the sun
god.
http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/
inca_map.jpg
1300’s A.D.-1531 A.D.
45
Click the link for a fun introduction to the Inca!
Horrible Histories by BBC
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDfO6L5_O
lQ
Click On The Link To Be Introduced To the
Ancient Inca
Answer The Following Questions
1. Explain how the Inca were able to
conquer and sustain such a large
empire.
2. What can you infer about the Inca
Culture (Way of Life)? Explain citing
the site.
3. Hypothesize the reasons for the Inca’s
fall to the Spanish in the 1500’s AD.
Explain citing the site.
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/201
1/04/inca-empire/interactive-map

46. South American Peoples
Inca (“ruler”) *Emperor descended for Inti, the sun
god.
1300’s -1531
Leader Pachacuti lead the Inca
people on a campaign that resulted
in the entire region. The empire
eventually stretched from Ecuador,
central Chile and the edge of the
Amazon basin. *As many as 12
million people!
Men were required to serve in the
army.
As territories were taken over the
peoples were forced to learn the
Inca language of Quechua and a
high noble was sent to govern. To
gain the support of locals, the local
leaders were allowed to keep there
positions as long as they remain
loyal.
All subjects severed
as labors for public
works projects for
several weeks out
of the year.
46

47. South American Peoples
Inca
• Expected to
marry within
one’s social
group.
• Women
expected to care
for children and
weave
cloth.*Some
chosen for
priestesses
• Farmers
• Empire
47

48. South American Peoples
Inca
Brilliant engineers, they built roadways
through mountains, suspension bridges. They
built without mortar structures that still stand
today!
Machu Picchu stands as a particular wonder at
8,000 feet it is a wonder of stone buildings with
long winding staircases. One leads to what is
referred to as the “hitching post of the sun’.’ It
is thought this was a solar observatory.
NO Writing system but they kept a sort of
record with knotted strings called quipu.
They did use other forms of writing learned
from other peoples. Despite this they were
advanced and even had theater for
tragedies, comedies and recited poetry.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/
Machupicchu_intihuatana.JPG
48

49. I said everything to them I could to divert them from their idolatries, and
draw them to a knowledge of God our Lord. Moctezuma replied, the others
assenting to what he said, And That they had already informed me they
were not the aborigines of the country, but that their ancestors had
emigrated to it many years ago; and they fully believed that after so long
an absence from their native land, they might have fallen into some errors;
that I having more recently arrived must know better than themselves what
they ought to believe; and that if I would instruct them in these matters,
and make them understand the true faith, they would follow my directions,
as being for the best.@ Afterwards, Moctezuma and many of the principal
citizens remained with me until I had removed the idols, purified the
chapels, and placed the images in them, manifesting apparent pleasure;
and I forbade them sacrificing human beings to their idols as they had been
accustomed to do; because, besides being abhorrent in the sight of God,
your sacred Majesty had prohibited it by law, and commanded to put to
death whoever should take the life of another. Thus, from that time, they
refrained from the practice, and during the whole period of my abode in
that city, they were never seen to kill or sacrifice a human being.
Hernan Cortes-A letter to the Spanish king, Charles V, 1520.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1520cortes.asp
49
1. What impact does this excerpt suggest the Spanish
colonists had on the Inca culture (way of life)?

50. Video 3 Min=Deciphering Ancient Scripts in Ancient
Mesoamerica
http://www.pasthorizons.tv/deciphering-ancient-
scripts-in-mesoamerica/
http://www.dziennikiwypraw.pl/sections/photos/galleries/am_srodk
50
1. How many different types of scripts does
he say are found in this region?
2. How would you describe the script
example he shares in the video?

51. 51
Inca & Aztec SAS Assignment
SAS: 1219 Aztec & Inca Civilizations-Worksheet
STOP & DO THIS
SAS ASSIGNMENT!

52. Timeline Site
American Indian Civilizations
A Comprehensive Timeline You May Choose View
http://www.ambrosevideo.com/resources/documents/American%20I
ndian%20Timeline%20for%20A%20History%20of%20American%20
Indian%20Achievement.pdf
52

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