The document discusses technological trends in information technology, focusing on cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain technology. It outlines the definitions, benefits, challenges, and implications of these technologies, emphasizing their impact on efficiency, decision-making, and potential risks such as security and privacy concerns. Overall, the document highlights both the opportunities and challenges posed by these emerging technologies in modern business and society.

1. UNIT 9 Technological trends in Information
Technology

2. What is Cloud Computing?
● Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing resources
over the Internet.
● Instead of keeping data on your own hard drive or updating
applications on the local machine we use a service over the
Internet at another remote location.
● For Example: When we store our photos online (Google Photos)
instead of on our home computer, or use webmail or a social
networking site or a image editing web application; you are
using a “Cloud computing” service.
2

3. What is Cloud Computing?
● Examples of cloud services include online file storage, social
networking sites, webmail, and online business applications.
● The cloud computing model allows access to information and
computer resources from anywhere that a network
connection is available.
● The cloud computing provides a shared pool of resources
including data storage space, networks, computer processing
power and specialized corporate and user applications.
3

4. What is Cloud Computing?
4

5. Do you Use the Cloud?

6. Difference between renting physical
servers remotely and cloud computing
● In cloud computing, we get a virtual machine running on servers
with our selected OS running on top of virtualization software.
● There could be other users on servers.
● We access servers through a web service/web site.
● We pay for specific time used on processor, storage devices and
bandwidth/network.
● Cloud computing focuses on virtualization and service orient
approach and making it economical for companies to use a third
party cloud provider to maintain hardware and software on a
on-demand basis.
6

7. Historical Development
7

8. Benefits of Cloud Computing
1. Cost Savings
● The companies can reduce their capital expenditures and use operational
expenditures.
2. Computing capabilities
● This is a lower barrier to entry and also requires fewer in- house IT
resources to provide system support.
3. Scalability/Flexibility
● The companies can start with a small deployment and grow to a large
deployment fairly rapidly, and then scale back if necessary.
● Also, the flexibility of cloud computing allows companies to use extra
resources at peak times, enabling them to satisfy consumer demands.
8

9. Benefits of Cloud Computing
4. Reliability
● Services using multiple redundant sites can support business continuity
and disaster recovery.
5. Maintenance
● Cloud service providers do the system maintenance, and access is through
APIs that do not require application installations onto PCs, thus further
reducing maintenance requirements.
6. Mobile accessible
● Mobile workers have increased productivity due to systems accessible in
an infrastructure available from anywhere.
9

10. Challenges of Cloud Computing
10

11. Challenges of Cloud Computing
1. Security and privacy
● Before adopting this technology, we should know that you will be surrendering all
our company’s sensitive information to a third-party cloud service provider.
● This could potentially put your company to great risk. Hence, we need to make
absolutely sure that we choose the most reliable service provider, who will keep
our information totally secure.
2. Lack of standards
● Clouds have documented interfaces; however, no standards are associated with
these and thus it is unlikely that most clouds will be interoperable.
● The open grid forum is developing an open cloud computing Interface to resolve
this issue and the Open Cloud Consortium is working on cloud computing
standards and practices.
● The findings of these groups will need to mature, but it is not known whether they
will address the needs of the people deploying the services and the specific
interfaces these services need.
11

12. Challenges of Cloud Computing
3. Continuously evolving
● User requirements are continuously evolving, as are the requirements for
interfaces, networking and storage.
● This means that a “cloud” especially a public one does not remain static and is also
continuously evolving.
4. Compliance concerns
● There are many compliance issues affecting cloud computing, based on the type of
data and application for which the cloud is being used.
● As with security and privacy mentioned previously these typically result in hybrid
cloud deployment with one cloud storing the data internal to the organization.
12

13. AI
• the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems.
These processes include
learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using that
information),
reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions),
and self-correction.
•

14. • AI programming focuses on cognitive skills that include the following:
• Learning. This aspect of AI programming focuses on acquiring data and creating
rules for how to turn it into actionable information. The rules, which are
called algorithms, provide computing devices with step-by-step instructions for
how to complete a specific task.
• Reasoning. This aspect of AI programming focuses on choosing the right
algorithm to reach a desired outcome.
• Self-correction. This aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-
tune algorithms and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible.
• Creativity. This aspect of AI uses neural networks, rules-based systems, statistical
methods and other AI techniques to generate new images, new text, new music
and new ideas.

16. Importance of AI
• Efficiency and Productivity: AI enables automation of repetitive tasks, allowing
businesses to streamline processes, reduce errors, and increase efficiency. This
leads to cost savings and higher productivity.
• Innovation: enabling the development of new products and services that were
previously unimaginable. It provides tools and techniques to solve complex
problems and explore new frontiers in areas such as healthcare, transportation,
and environmental sustainability.
• Decision Making: AI systems can analyze vast amounts of data and provide
insights to support decision making in various domains. This helps organizations
make more informed choices, optimize strategies, and anticipate future trends.
• Healthcare Advancements
• Safety and Security

17. Disadvantages of AI
• Job Displacement
• Bias and Discrimination
• Privacy Concerns
• Ethical Dilemmas
• Security Risks

18. Big Data
• Big data refers to extremely large and complex datasets that cannot be effectively
managed, processed, or analyzed using traditional data processing tools or
techniques. These datasets typically consist of vast amounts of structured, semi-
structured, and unstructured data collected from various sources, including
sensors, social media platforms, transaction records, and web logs. Big data is
characterized by the three Vs:
• Volume
• Velocity: generated rapidly and continuously, often in real-time or near-real-time.
-requires efficient data processing and analysis techniques to derive meaningful
insights and make timely decisions.
• Variety: Big data comes in various forms, including structured data (e.g.,
databases), semi-structured data (e.g., XML, JSON), and unstructured data (e.g.,
text documents, images, videos). This diversity of data types presents challenges
in terms of storage, processing, and analysis.

19. Benefits of Big data
• Informed Decision Making
• Enhanced Customer Experience
• Risk Management and Fraud Detection
• Healthcare Advancements
• Scientific Research and Discovery

20. Disadvantages of Big data
• Privacy Concerns
• Security Risks
• Costs and Resource Intensiveness
• Ethical Dilemmas

21. IoT
• the network of interconnected devices, objects, and systems that
collect, exchange, and share data over the internet.
• These devices, often equipped with sensors, actuators, and
communication capabilities, can interact with each other and with
their environment to gather and transmit data, monitor conditions,
and perform various tasks autonomously or in collaboration with
other devices.
• IoT enables the integration of physical and digital worlds, creating
opportunities for automation, efficiency, and innovation across
various domains.

23. Benefits of IoT
• Efficiency and Productivity
• Cost Savings
• Data-driven Insights
• Improved Customer Experience
• Safety and Security
• Remote Monitoring and Control
• Advanced technology to run business
• Lower operating cost

24. Drawback of IoT
• Security and data privacy challenges
• Hidden technology
• Internet connectivity and power dependencies

25. Robotics
• field of engineering and technology that deals with the design,
construction, operation, and use of robots.
• A robot is a machine that is capable of carrying out tasks
autonomously or semi-autonomously, often programmed to perform
specific functions.
• Can do repetitive, dangerous task.

26. Advantages
• Increased efficiency
• Improved safety
• Cost saving

27. Disadvantages
• Write on your own.

28. Virtual reality

29. • Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of an
interactive 3D environment that users can explore and interact with
using specialized hardware, such as VR headsets and motion
controllers.
Add advantages and disadvantages on your own.

30. Advantages
• Entertainment
• Experience
• Training and education
• Therapeutic applications

31. Augmented reality
• Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that overlays digital
information or virtual objects onto the real-world environment,
typically viewed through a device such as a smartphone or AR glasses

32. Block chain technology
• Blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed ledger
system that records transactions across multiple computers in a way
that is secure, transparent, and immutable