UNIT 5 NO Structured Query Language updated

Database Management System (DBMS)
Unit-V
Emerging Database Technologies
Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423603
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)
NACC ‘A’ Grade Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Department of Information Technology
(NBAAccredited)
Ms. B B Pawar
Assistant Professor

DBMS – Unit-VI Department of Information Technology
Unit-VI- Emerging Database Technologies Syllabus
JSON: Overview, Data Types, Objects, Schema
Introduction to No SQL Databases: SQLite Database, XML Databases
MongoDB: MongoDB CRUD Operations
MongoDB Operators
Mongodb Aggregation

• NoSQL stands for ‘Not-Only SQL’.
• These types of databases are Non-Relational or non-tabular.
• A No-SQL database does not require a specific schema and hence is schema-less
• All the entries/documents are JSON documents.
• Examples − MongoDB, DynamoDB, Redis, etc.
 When to Use NoSQL?
• NoSQL databases are very flexible, easy to use, developer-friendly, and provide higher performance.
• These types of databases are a much better option when −
 You have Big Data Applications that handle large volumes of unstructured data.
 You need to scale the database based on constantly changing requirements
 You need the flexibility to store different types of data
Introduction to NOSQL

Advantages of NoSQL over SQL

SQLite Database
• SQLite is a software library that implements a self-contained,
serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database
engine.
• SQLite is one of the fastest-growing database engines around,
but that's growth in terms of popularity, not anything to do with
its size.
• The source code for SQLite is in the public domain.

SQLite Database
•SQLite does not require a separate server process or system to operate (serverless).
•SQLite comes with zero-configuration, which means no setup or administration needed.
•A complete SQLite database is stored in a single cross-platform disk file.
•SQLite is very small and light weight, less than 400KiB fully configured or less than 250KiB with optional
features omitted.
•SQLite is self-contained, which means no external dependencies.
•SQLite transactions are fully ACID-compliant, allowing safe access from multiple processes or threads.
•SQLite supports most of the query language features found in SQL92 (SQL2) standard.
•SQLite is written in ANSI-C and provides simple and easy-to-use API.
•SQLite is available on UNIX (Linux, Mac OS-X, Android, iOS) and Windows (Win32, WinCE, WinRT).
Why SQLite?

Applications of SQLite
• SQLite is used to develop embedded software for devices like televisions, cell phones, cameras, etc
• desktop applications such as version control systems, financial analysis tools, media cataloging and
editing suites, CAD packages, record keeping programs
• used to perform database operations on android devices such as storing, manipulating or retrieving
persistent data from the database.

JSON Introduction
• JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation.
• The format was specified by Douglas Crockford.
• It was designed for human-readable data interchange.
• It has been extended from the JavaScript scripting language.
• The filename extension is .json.
• JSON Internet Media type is application/json.
• The Uniform Type Identifier is public.json.

• It is used while writing JavaScript based applications that includes
browser extensions and websites.
• JSON format is used for serializing and transmitting structured data over
network connection.
• It is primarily used to transmit data between a server and web
applications.
• Web services and APIs use JSON format to provide public data.
• It can be used with modern programming languages.
JSON Uses

Example in JSON

• Data is represented in name/value pairs.
• Curly braces hold objects and each name is followed by ':'(colon), the
name/value pairs are separated by , (comma).
• Square brackets hold arrays and values are separated by ,(comma).
JSON - Syntax
JSON supports the following two data structures −
•Collection of name/value pairs − This Data Structure is supported by different programming
languages.
•Ordered list of values − It includes array, list, vector or sequence etc.

JSON - DataTypes
Sr.No. Type & Description
1
Integer
Digits 1-9, 0 and positive or negative
2
Fraction
Fractions like .3, .9
3
Exponent
Exponent like e, e+, e-, E, E+, E-
1.Number
•It is a double precision floating-point format in JavaScript and it depends on implementation.
•Octal and hexadecimal formats are not used.
•No NaN or Infinity is used in Number.
The following table shows the number types −
Example
Example showing Number Datatype,
value should not be quoted
var obj = {marks: 97}

JSON - DataTypes
2. String
• It is a sequence of zero or more double quoted Unicode characters with backslash escaping.
• Character is a single character string i.e. a string with length 1.
Example
var obj = {name: 'Amit', marks: 97, distinction: true}

JSON - DataTypes
3. Boolean
• It includes true or false values.
Example
var obj = {name: 'Amit'}
Sr.No. Type & Description
1
"
double quotation
2

backslash
3
/
forward slash
4
b
backspace
5
f
form feed
6
n
new line
7
r
carriage return
8
t
horizontal tab
9
u
four hexadecimal
digits

JSON - DataTypes
4. Array
• It is an ordered collection of values.
• These are enclosed in square brackets which means that array begins with .[. and ends with .]..
• The values are separated by , (comma).
• Array indexing can be started at 0 or 1.
• Arrays should be used when the key names are sequential integers.
Example

JSON - DataTypes
5. Object
• It is an unordered set of name/value pairs.
• Objects are enclosed in curly braces that is, it starts with '{' and ends with '}'.
• Each name is followed by ':'(colon) and the key/value pairs are separated by , (comma).
• The keys must be strings and should be different from each other.
• Objects should be used when the key names are arbitrary strings.
Example

JSON - DataTypes
6. Whitespace
• It can be inserted between any pair of tokens. It can be added to make a code more
readable. Example shows declaration with and without whitespace
Example

JSON - DataTypes
7. null
• It means empty type.
Example

JSON - DataTypes
8. JSON Value
It includes-
• number (integer or floating point)
• string
• boolean
• array
• object
• null

• Creating Simple Objects
JSON objects can be created with JavaScript. Let us see the various ways of creating JSON objects using
JavaScript −
JSON - Objects

This is an example that shows creation of an object in javascript using JSON,
save the below code as json_object.htm
<html>
<head>
<title>Creating Object JSON with JavaScript</title>
<script language = "javascript" >
var JSONObj = { "name" : "tutorialspoint.com", "year" : 2005 };
document.write("<h1>JSON with JavaScript example</h1>");
document.write("<br>");
document.write("<h3>Website Name = "+JSONObj.name+"</h3>");
document.write("<h3>Year = "+JSONObj.year+"</h3>");
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Creating Array Objects
<html>
<head>
<title>Creation of array object in javascript using JSON</title>
<script language = "javascript" >
document.writeln("<h2>JSON array object</h2>");
var books = { "Pascal" : [
{ "Name" : "Pascal Made Simple", "price" : 700 },
{ "Name" : "Guide to Pascal", "price" : 400 }],
"Scala" : [
{ "Name" : "Scala for the Impatient", "price" : 1000 },
{ "Name" : "Scala in Depth", "price" : 1300 }]
}
var i = 0
document.writeln("<table border = '2'><tr>");
for(i = 0;i<books.Pascal.length;i++) {
document.writeln("<td>");
document.writeln("<table border = '1' width = 100 >");
document.writeln("<tr><td><b>Name</b></td><td width = 50>" + books.Pascal[i].Name+"</td></tr>");
document.writeln("<tr><td><b>Price</b></td><td width = 50>" + books.Pascal[i].price +"</td></tr>");
document.writeln("</table>");
document.writeln("</td>");
}

for(i = 0;i<books.Scala.length;i++) {
document.writeln("<td>");
document.writeln("<table border = '1' width = 100 >");
document.writeln("<tr><td><b>Name</b></td><td width = 50>" + books.Scala[i].Name+"</td></tr>");
document.writeln("<tr><td><b>Price</b></td><td width = 50>" + books.Scala[i].price+"</td></tr>");
document.writeln("</table>");
document.writeln("</td>");
}
document.writeln("</tr></table>");
</script>
</head>

•Define the structure of a JSON message.
•Can use to validate a JSON message. OR
•API request and response in JSON format.
•Clear, human- and machine-readable documentation.
•Complete structural validation, useful for automated testing.
•Complete structural validation, validating client-submitted data.
JSON - Schema

JSON - Schema

{
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"title": "Product",
"description": "A product from Acme's catalog",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": {
"description": "The unique identifier for a product",
"type": "integer"
},
"name": {
"description": "Name of the product",
"type": "string"
},
"price": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"exclusiveMinimum": true
}
},
"required": ["id", "name", "price"]
}

{
"Employees": [
{
"empId": "EMP01",
"jobTitle": "Developer",
"firstName": "Shivang",
"lastName": "Yadav",
"fullName": "Shivang Yadav",
"address": "Indore, MP, India",
"contact": "+91-9999999999",
"email": "shivang.yadavji@gmail.com"
},
{
"empId": "EMP02",
"jobTitle": "Jr. Developer",
"firstName": "Alvin",
"lastName": "Alexander",
"fullName": "Alvin Alexander",
"address": "New Delhi, India",
"contact": "+91-9999999999",
"email": "heyitsalvinalex@gmail.com"
},
]
}
{
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"Employees": {
"type": "array",
"items": [
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"empId": {
"type": "string"
},
"jobTitle": {
"type": "string"
},
"firstName": {
"type": "string"
},
"lastName": {
"type": "string"
},
"fullName": {
"type": "string"
},
"address": {
"type": "string"
},
"contact": {
"type": "string"
},
"email": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"required": [
"empId", "jobTitle", "firstName","lastName",
"fullName", "address", "contact", "email"
] },
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {"empId": "type": "string"
},
"jobTitle": {
"type": "string"
},
"firstName": {
"type": "string"
},
"lastName": {
"type": "string"
},
"fullName": {
"type": "string"
},
"address": {
"type": "string"
},
"contact": { "type": "string"
},
"email": { "type": "string" }
},
"required": [
"empId", "jobTitle", "firstName", "lastName", "fullName",
"address",
"contact",
"email"
] } ] } },
"required": [
"Employees"
] }
JSON JSON SCHEMA

MongoDB
•MongoDB is a cross-platform, document oriented database that provides, high performance, high availability, and
easy scalability.
• MongoDB works on concept of collection and document.
 Database
Database is a physical container for collections. Each database gets its own set of files on the file system. A
single MongoDB server typically has multiple databases.
 Collection
Collection is a group of MongoDB documents. It is the equivalent of an RDBMS table. A collection exists
within a single database. Collections do not enforce a schema. Documents within a collection can have different fields.
Typically, all documents in a collection are of similar or related purpose.
 Document
A document is a set of key-value pairs. Documents have dynamic schema. Dynamic schema means that
documents in the same collection do not need to have the same set of fields or structure, and common fields in a
collection's documents may hold different types of data.

Advantages of MongoDB over RDBMS
•Schema less − MongoDB is a document database in which one collection holds different documents.
Number of fields, content and size of the document can differ from one document to another.
•Structure of a single object is clear.
•No complex joins.
•Deep query-ability. MongoDB supports dynamic queries on documents using a document-based
query language that's nearly as powerful as SQL.
•Tuning.
•Ease of scale-out − MongoDB is easy to scale.
•Conversion/mapping of application objects to database objects not needed.
•Uses internal memory for storing the (windowed) working set, enabling faster access of data.

MongoDB CRUD Operations
• Create Operations
 Create or insert operations add new documents to a collection.
 If the collection does not currently exist, insert operations will create the collection.
MongoDB provides the following methods to insert documents into a collection:
 db.collection.insertOne()
 db.collection.insertMany()

• Read Operations
 Read operations retrieve documents from a collection; i.e. query a collection for documents.
 MongoDB provides the following methods to read documents from a collection:
 db.collection.find()
 db.collection.findOne()
MongoDB CRUD Operations…

• Update Operations
 Update operations modify existing documents in a collection.
 MongoDB provides the following methods to update documents of a collection:
 db.collection.updateOne()
 db.collection.updateMany()
 db.collection.replaceOne()

Delete Operations
 Delete operations remove documents from a collection.
 MongoDB provides the following methods to delete documents of a collection:
 db.collection.deleteOne()
 db.collection.deleteMany()

MongoDB Operators
Query and Projection Operators
Comparison

Logical

Element Query Operators
Evaluation Query Operators

Update Operators

MongoDB Aggregation

References
1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/index.htm
2. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/json/index.htm
3. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/NoSQL-Databases

UNIT 5 NO Structured Query Language updated

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UNIT 5 NO Structured Query Language updated