Data Con LA 2022 - MySQL, JSON & You: Perfect Together

MySQL, JSON, & You:
Perfect Together
Scott Stroz
MySQL Developer Advocate

• Developer for 20+ years
• Only constant in that stack
has been MySQL
• MySQL Developer Advocate
for Oracle
• Avid golfer
• Die hard NY Giants fan
• I have the best office mate
Obligatory "I Love Me" Slide
Copyright © 202, Oracle and/or its affiliates
2

• What is JSON?
• JSON as a string vs. JSON data type
• Why store it in database?
• How to persist JSON data
• How to retrieve JSON data
• Updating JSON data
• Using relational data as JSON
• And vice versa
• MySQL document store
What will we cover?
Photo by Ferenc Almasi on Unsplash
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• JSON – JavaScript Object Notation
• Textual representation of a data structure
• Objects are wrapped in { }
• Properties are key value pairs
• Keys are wrapped in " "
• Arrays are wrapped in [ ]
• Data can be nested.
• Objects can have properties that are arrays of
objects.
• Language independent
What is JSON?
Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash
4

"Normalize until it hurts;
denormalize until it works."
Unknown
5

• Faster development time
• If schema will change often, it might be better to
have no schema
• Less verbose than XML
• Pretty much every programming language can ‘read’
JSON
• Some data is unstructured
• User preferences
• Configuration data
• Feature flags
Why Store JSON?
Image by Tumisu from Pixabay
6

JSON
Syntax
7

• Was used long before JSON data
type
• Stored as CHAR, VARCHAR,
TEXT, etc
• Searching by values required the
use of LIKE or REGEXP
• Updating any value of the JSON
object would require rewriting the
entire string
• Introduced in MySQL 5.7
• Designed to hold valid JSON
documents.
• Stored in a binary format
• Optimized for replication & quick
searches
• Can have a defined schema
JSON as String vs. JSON DataType
JSON as String JSON DataType
8

Creating a
Table with
JSON column
9

Insert JSON
using…
INSERT
10

Demo Schema
11

Many of the JSON functions can use a 'path' to
nested data
Pathing
12

If we want to get the keys for the 'scoring' property
we use the following:
Pathing (con't)
13

Querying based
on JSON values
14

JSON_CONTAINS()
15

JSON_CONTAINS()
with strings
16

JSON_VALUE()
17

Using Path
Operators
18

Updating JSON values
19

How do we update keys/values?
JSON_INSERT()
• Inserts a new key to
a JSON document
• Will NOT update
value for existing
keys
• Can add multiple
keys in a single
statement
JSON_SET()
JSON_REPLACE()
• Inserts and updates
values in a JSON
document.
• If the key exists, the old
value is updated.
• If the key does not
exist, it is added and
the new value is used
• Updates values to
existing keys in a
JSON document
• Will NOT add key if it
does not exist
• Can update multiple
keys in a single
statement
20

JSON_INSERT()
21

JSON_REPLACE()
22

JSON_SET()
23

JSON_REMOVE()
24

Using Relational Data as JSON
AndViceVersa
25

Using JSON_OBJECT()
26

Using JSON_ARRAYAGG()
27

Returning
JSON
Data as
Relational
Data
28

MySQL Document Store
29

MySQL Document Store
• JSON document storage
solution built on top of MySQL
• Stored in MySQL table but
abstracted from the user
• ACID compliant
• InnoDB storage engine
• Uses JSON datatype
• Simple CRUD API
• X-Plugin
• Installed by default since 8.0.1
• Users the X Protocol through
MySQL Connectors
What is it? How can we use it?
• Node.js
• Java
• C++
• Python
• PHP
• .Net
• MySQL Shell
30

Demo Schema
31

Connecting to the Server
Creating a session to 'user@localhost'
Fetching schema names for autocompletion... Press ^C to stop.
Your MySQL connection id is 42 (X protocol)
Server version: 8.0.29 MySQL community server – GPL
No default schema selected; type use <schema> to set one
c user:password@localhost
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Working With Schemas
Create a Schema Use the Schema Drop the Schema
33

Working with Collections
Create Collection Drop Collection

What the Collection Looks Like in the Database
35

Creating Documents
36

Searching Documents
Return All Documents Using Search Criteria
37

Searching Documents
Sort Results Limit Results Offset Results
38

What is returned?
39

Returning Specific Keys
40

What is returned?
41

Grouping Results
42

What is returned?
43

Using SQL with Document Store
44

What is
returned?
45

RECAP
• WE DEFINED JSON ANDTALKED ABOUT SYNTAX.
• JSON AS A STRINGVS. JSON DATATYPE
• WHY STORE IT IN DATABASE?
• HOWTO PERSIST JSON DATA
• HOWTO RETRIEVE JSON DATA
• UPDATING JSON DATA
• USING RELATIONAL DATA AS JSON
• USING JSON AS RELATIONAL DATA
• MYSQL DOCUMENT STORE
46

Resources
GitHub
• https://github.com/boyzoid/mysql-json-demo
MySQL Documentation
• https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-function-reference.html
• https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/document-store-concepts.html
David Stokes' book
• MySQL & JSON: A Practical Programming Guide
47

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