The circulatory system distributes nutrients and oxygen to the body and removes waste through blood, blood vessels including arteries, veins and capillaries, and the heart which pumps blood through continuous contraction and relaxation. The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the body through the airways of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and lungs where gas exchange occurs, with inhalation bringing oxygen in and exhalation releasing carbon dioxide. The male reproductive system produces sperm in the testicles which are carried by the urethra. The female system includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina and is where a fetus develops during pregnancy over nine months connected

1. UNIT 4. THE HUMAN BODY
PRIMARY4/Natural Science

2. Heart
Parts ofthe circulatory system
Capillaries
It is a red liquid that contains the
nutrients and oxygen that our
body needs.
It also carries the unwanted
wastesubstances thatour bodies
need to remove.
ArteriesVeins
They transportthe
blood around the
body.
Therearethree
types:
Blood
Blood vessels
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
It distributes nutrients and oxygen to different parts of the body and gets rid of unwanted substances
They carry blood
from the rest of
the body to the
heart.
Theycarry blood
fromthe heart to
the rest of the
body.
Theyareverythin
vessels that
connect the
arterieswithveins.
- It pumps blood around the
body through the blood
vessels.
- Itisthefistandsitsbetween
the lungs.
- It continuously contract
and relaxing automatically.
This process is called
HEARTBEAT.

3. Theheartcontractsand
pushes bloodthroughthe
arteries to the rest of the
body.
The heartrelaxesand fills
up with blood coming
from theveins
Parts of the circulatory system (Main map)
The heartbeat
Arteries
Veins
Veins
6.Arteries
3. Blood
5. Veins
2. Blood
vessels
4. Capillaries
1. Heart

4. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
It helps us delivery oxygen to all parts of the body.
It is madeof:
5. The BRONCHI are tubes
which carryair from the
lead to smaller airways called
BRONCHIOLES that are
connected to air sacs or
ALVEOLI.
7. The DIAPHRAGM is a
musclewhichhelpsthelungs
to move in a way necessary
for breathing.
4. LUNGS are
spongy organs
which contain
millions of tiny air
sacs called
ALVEOLI.
They are two
spongy organs
that are
protected by the
RIB CAGE.
“They are where
respiration
takes place”
3. The LARYNX
contains the vocal
cords.
Air enters and exits
the body through
this. It contains:
- The nasalcavity.
- Pharynx.
- Larynx.
- Trachea.
- Bronchi.
- Bronchioles.
Airway Lungs
2. The PHARYNX
allows theair to
flow from the
mouth and
nose to the
lungs.
4.TheTRACHEA orWINDPIPE
is a rigid tube which carries
air to the bronchi.
1. THE NASAL CAVITYheats,
moistensandfilterstheair
that comes into the body.
trachea to the lungs. They

5. Gasexchange
THE PROCESS OFRESPIRATION
Through this process, we take in oxygen from the air outside and we transport it to different parts of our body.
Thereare threestates ofrespiration
Inhalation Exhalation
Oxygen that we breathe passes
through the alveoli and into the blood.
At the same time, carbon dioxide
passes from the blood into the lungs.
The diaphragm relaxes,
causing the lungs to get
smaller and push carbon
dioxide out of the body.
The diaphragm contracts,
allowing the lungs to get
bigger and fill up with air
from the mouth and nose.

6. REPRODUCTION
Human beings are ableto make other human beings thanks to the reproductive system. Men an women have different
reproductive systems.
1. The PENIS is an
external organ
that contains the
URETHRA.
4. The VAGINA
is thetube that
leads fromthe
uterus to
outside the
body.
3. The VULVA is the
external part of the
female reproductive
system.
The female reproductive system The male reproductive system
3.The URETHRA carriesurine from the bladder. It also carries
semen, which is a mixture of fluids and sperm.
2. The UTERUS or
WOMBisthespace
inside a woman
where a baby
develops until it is
born.
2. TESTICLES are two
oval shapedexternal
organs that produce
millionsofcellscalled
SPERM.
5. OVARIES are two
internal organs
that produce
OVULES.
1.FALLOPIAN TUBESare
two internal passages
that connect the
ovaries to theuterus.

7. PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY
During PREGNANCY a baby forms and grows inside its mother. FOR HUMAN, this state of the reproductionprocess lasts NINE MONTHS.
The BABY begins life inside the UTERUS as a tiny being called FOETUS.
A baby´s development
3.He learns
to crawl.
The BABY isjoined to its
mother by an UMBILICAL
CORD. This is how itget
its food and oxygen
during pregnancy. 4.He takes his
first steps.
5. He says
his first
words.
The BABY grows inside
the AMNIOTIC SAC,
whichcontainsaliquid
to protects it. 2. He says his
first words.
1. He gets to know
his parent´s faces.

8. SICKNESS AND HEALTH
To keep your body healthy and avoid illnesses, you must follow some routines in your daily life.
Unhealthy diet
- Obesity
- Nutritional
deficiencies
.
Bad posture
- It producesfatigue.
- It can result
muscular problems.
Poor hygiene
- It can cause salmonella,
flu, diarrhoeaand sickness
or the common cold.
- Thesevirusesandinfections
are passed between people
whodon´twashtheirhands.
Lack ofexercise
- It can affectthe
development of
motorskillsand
coordination.
Memory deficit
concentration
-
Sleep deprivation
- Irritability
- Lack of
Unhealthy habits
Rest
- Sleepfor around
9 or 10 hours a
day.
Physical exercise
- Do physical
exercise to keep
yourbodyfit,
strong and
flexible.
Healthy diet
- Eat a variety of
nutritious food every
day.
- Fruitand vegetables
are especially
important.
Hygiene
- Washyour
hands before
meals.
- Brush your teeth after
meals.
- Have ashower
regularly.
Posture
- Sit upright in your
chair.
- Carry your bag on
your back using
both shoulders.
Healthy habits