This presentation deals with the lecture notes of unit 4 of the course Basic Electronics EC101 which is a common course of B.Tech Curriculum having 4 credits.
This presentation encapsulates the briefings of the lectures taken on the unit2 of Logic Development and Programming (EC221) taught in Integral University
This presentation deals with the lecture notes of unit 4 of the course Basic Electronics EC101 which is a common course of B.Tech Curriculum having 4 credits.
This presentation encapsulates the briefings of the lectures taken on the unit2 of Logic Development and Programming (EC221) taught in Integral University
Unit 1 Introduction to Non-Conventional Energy ResourcesDr Piyush Charan
This unit is part of the course EC228 Renewable Energy Engineering of program B.Tech. Electronics Engg. (Solar Photovoltaic Engineering). It gives an introduction to conventional and non-conventional energy resources.
Unit 5-Operational Amplifiers and Electronic Measurement DevicesDr Piyush Charan
Lecture Notes on Operational Amplifiers and Measuring Instruments. These notes cover unit 5 of the course Basic Electronics (EC101) taught at Integral University.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Unit 1 Introduction to Non-Conventional Energy ResourcesDr Piyush Charan
This unit is part of the course EC228 Renewable Energy Engineering of program B.Tech. Electronics Engg. (Solar Photovoltaic Engineering). It gives an introduction to conventional and non-conventional energy resources.
Unit 5-Operational Amplifiers and Electronic Measurement DevicesDr Piyush Charan
Lecture Notes on Operational Amplifiers and Measuring Instruments. These notes cover unit 5 of the course Basic Electronics (EC101) taught at Integral University.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
1. Lecture Notes on Number Systems
for
Open Educational Resource
on
Basic Electronics (EC101)
by
Dr. Piyush Charan
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engg.
Integral University, Lucknow
2. Introduction to Number Systems
January 1, 2021
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University,
Lucknow
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Lucknow
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Lucknow
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5. Binary Number System
Base Radix = 2
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Lucknow
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Lucknow
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Lucknow
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8. Conversion Decimal to Binary
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Lucknow
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9. Conversion Decimal to Binary with
decimal points
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Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University,
Lucknow
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24. Octal(base=8)
Decimal to Octal
8 98 2
8 12 4
8 1 1
0
Octal number system has the
radix 8 and will have
numbers starting from
0 → 7
(98)10→ (142)8
January 1, 2021 24
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University,
Lucknow
25. Octal(base=8)
Octal to Decimal
1 4 2
2 1 0
(142)8 →(98)10
1×8^2+4×8^1+2×8^0
=1×64+32+2
=98
January 1, 2021 25
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University,
Lucknow
26. Binary to Octal
• 0→000
• 1→001
• 2→010
• 3→011
• 4→100
• 5→101
• 6→110
• 7→111
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0
January 1, 2021 26
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University,
Lucknow
27. Binary to Octal Conversion
• (100001110011)2→(4163)8
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
4 1 6 3
January 1, 2021 27
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Lucknow
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Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University,
Lucknow
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42. 42
1. Complement Theory
2. 1’s and, 2’s complement operation
Number System Continued....
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
43. 43
1.Complement Theory
Example 1 Get 1’s complement of 50
Complement Digits
50 = 110010
001101
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
44. 44
1’s Complement Arithmetic
(ADD/SUB Method)
1. Read both the operands
2. Negative operand(s) (if any) is converted into 1’s complement form
3. Add both the numbers
4. If carry is generated (i.e. =1) then the resultant number is positive.
5. Add ONE to the output of setp4, to get the final answer.
6. If carry is not generated then the answer is Negative and available in 1’s complement form.
7. Convert output of step 6 into 1’s complement to get final answer.
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
45. 45
1. 1’s Complement Theory
Example 1 : Subtract 1010 from 1111 using 1’s complement theory. (15-
10 Small negative)
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
0 1 0 1
+
1] 0 1 0 0
+ 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 =(5)
1’s complement
Carry “1” means the answer is positive .
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
46. 46
1. 1’s Complement Theory
Example 2 : Subtract 1010 from 1000 using 1’s complement theory.
(Large negative 8-10)
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
+
0] 1 1 0 1
1’s complement
Carry “0” means the answer is negative and available in 1’s complement form.
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 = (2)
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
47. 47
2’s Complement Arithmetic
1. How to get 2’s complement form
2. Arithmetic operation using 2’s complement theory
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
48. 48
2’s Complement Arithmetic (How to get 2’s
complement form..?)
Example 1
Example 2
Complement Digits
Add 1
5 = 00000101
-5 = 11111011
11111010
+1
Complement Digits
Add 1
-13 = 11110011
13 = 00001101
00001100
+1
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
49. 49
2’s Complement Arithmetic
(Method)
1. Read both the operands
2. Negative operand (if any) is converted into 2’s complement form
3. Add both the numbers (2’s complement of negative operand with the other one).
4. If carry is generated (i.e. =1) then the resultant number is positive and in original form
5. If carry is not generated(when we have negative operand) then the carry is assumed =0.
6. Carry zero means the resultant number is negative and in a 2’s complement form.
7. Convert the 2’s complement form into the original form.
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
50. POS + NEG → POS Answer
50
Take the 2’s complement of the negative number and use regular binary 8-bit
addition.
00001001
9
+ (-5)
4
⎯→
⎯
11111011
+
00000101
11111010
+1
11111011
2’s
Complement
Process
100000100
Last Bit = 1: Answer is Positive Disregard 9th Bit
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
51. POS + NEG → NEG Answer
51
Take the 2’s complement of the negative number and use regular 8-bit
binary addition.
11110111
(-9)
+ 5
-4
⎯→
⎯
00000101
+
00001001
11110110
+1
11110111
2’s
Complement
Process
011111100
Last Bit = 0: Answer is Negative . Discard the last bit
11111100
00000011
+1
00000100
To Check:
Perform 2’s
Complement
On Answer
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
52. Verify the logic using following combinations:
1: (10) –(01)
2: (10) –(02)
3: (10) –(05)
4: (10) –(08)
5: (10) –(09)
6: (10) –(10)
7: (210) –(08)
8: (120) –(55)
9: (52) –(18)
January 1, 2021 52
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
53. A+B A B 2’s of B Addition Ans
A=10
B=-1
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 CY =1 So ans is +ve
1 1 0 0 1
+9
B=-2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 CY =1 So ans is +ve
1 1 0 0 0
+8
B=-5 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 CY =1 So ans is +ve
+5
B=-8 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 CY =1 So ans is +ve
+2
B=-9 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 CY =1 So ans is +ve
+1
B=-10 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 CY =1 So ans is +ve
+0
2’s Complement Arithmetic (Examples)
January 1, 2021
53
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University,
Lucknow
54. Example: Perform 2’s complement subtraction on 210-08
210 = 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 (Subtrahend)
8= 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 (Minuend)
2’s complement of 8 is = 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Add both the numbers:
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
+1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Carry = 1 means and is positive +202
January 1, 2021 54
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
55. 55
2’s Complement Arithmetic (Examples on varying
number of bits)
Example: Perform 2’s complement arithmetic for (30)-(50) using
1: 6-bit number system
2: 8-bit number system
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
56. Example: Perform 2’s complement arithmetic for (30)-(50)
using:
(30)= 0 1 1 1 1 0
(-50)= 1 1 0 0 1 0 2’s complement 0 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 0
Add both the numbers
0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 0
Carry =0 means number is negative and in 2’s compl form
(30)= 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
(-50)= 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2’s complement 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Carry =0 means number is negative and in 2’s compl form
0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 = -20
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 = -20
Add both the numbers
1: 6-bit number system 2: 8-bit number system
January 1, 2021 56
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow
57. BCD Numbers
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow 57
58. January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow 58
59. 1. Binary to decimal Conversion
2. BCD Addition
January 1, 2021 Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow 59
60. 9’s & 10’s Complement
January 1, 2021 60
Dr. Piyush Charan, Dept. of ECE, Integral University, Lucknow