The document discusses national unity and integration in Malaysia. It identifies Malaysia as a plural society with diverse cultures, languages, religions, and economic backgrounds. It outlines the government's efforts since independence to integrate the various ethnic groups, including establishing levels of unity and integration. It notes that while progress has been made, tensions still exist that must be addressed to prevent disintegration of the country. Citizen involvement is important for achieving national unity.

1. Chapter 9 National Unity and Integration Objectives Identify the strategies undertaken by the government at creating unity and national integration. Explain the concept of plural society within the context of Malaysia 3. Discuss the basis of racial unity in Malaysia.

2. Introduction Efforts of government in bringing the various ethnics to live harmoniously. Malaysia regarded as “plural society J.S. Furnival: Plural society –”ethnic groups who are different not just culturally but also economically, from the point of view of settlement, politically and socially.” In Malaysia, for e.g. the diversty of culture, the physical separation identification of ethnic by employment, lack of social contact, and the existence of a dominant group politically.

4. Malaysia = Plural society Based on: diverse culture language religion employment income level Since independence, the govt has been trying to integrate The various ethnics. See Fig.4.12 – 5 levels that depict the stages of unity and integration

6. Activity 4.3 In your opinion, the Malaysian society is at which level of the Integration process ? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ANS

8. Refer to page 167 for sketch of history of racial relations in Malaysia.

9. Figure 9.2 A Rough Sketch of the History of Racial Relations in Malaysia The integration process has not been easy. Since independence, Malaysia has encountered several incidents due to ethnic tension as the infamous 13 May 1969 riots. c. Therefore, the peace and harmony that we are experiencing should never be taken for granted.

10. Activity 4.4 Why is unity so important in a multi-racial country like Malaysia? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ANS

11. If these problems are not properly addressed, they may cause ethnic tension, and disintegration of the Country.

12. Acitivity 4.5 What are some suggestions to overcome the problems and challenges of integration? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ANS

16. Activity 4.6 How can you as a student contribute towards achieving national integration ? What is your role ? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ANS

17. Summary Main objective of national unity = ensure citizens live harmoniously, in peace and transquillity. 2. Traces of prejudice , communalism and etnocentrism sometimes surface, causing a rift. 3. Government effort is important and crucial to ensure there is evident sharing of power, democracy in the government, sound economic growth, curriculum, co-curriculum and cultural tolerance. 4. Each and every citizen must strive to develop himself/herself to be at par with progress of nation.

18. Self-Test 4.3 What are the factors that reinforce obstacles to integration ? ___________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________________________________ 6. ___________________________________________________________________ ANS