The document discusses unity and integration efforts in Malaysia after independence. It describes some of the internal problems Malaysia faced related to unity among its multiracial population. The New Economic Policy (NEP) and Rukun Negara (Pillars of Principles) were introduced to promote unity. The NEP had objectives of achieving national unity, restructuring society, and reducing poverty. The document also discusses definitions of unity and integration, as well as strategies used like assimilation, amalgamation, and pluralism. The Ministry of National Unity and key departments play a role in unity efforts through various activities.

2.  After independence , the country faced various internal
problems, especially those related to unity and inter-
racial integration.
 The problem of unity has brought about some
implications from the
 Segregation of residential areas, occupational agenda, the
differences in belief or religion and the colonial
administrative system.
 New Economic Policy ( NEP ), the National Culture
Policy and the Rukun Negara ( Pillars of Principles)
have been formed to unify the multiracial community
in Malaysia.

3.  This policy was adopted in 1971 for a period of 20 years and it
was succeeded by the National Development Policy (NDP)
 The economic policy also refers to the effort to transform the
community and country from the state of under-development to
advancement in various living aspects.
 The New Economic Policy (NEP) has three main objectives,
namely:
 To achieve national unity, harmony and integrity
 Through socio-economic restructuring (of the society)
 To minimize the level of poverty in the country (poverty
eradication)

4.  Unity deals with the process of unification of all aspects like
the physical, social, economic and political, but not
including biological aspects.
 Unity can also be defined as a process to generate a national
identity among groups segregated in culture and social
standing .
 Integration, in turn involves all the above, including the
biological aspects.
Territory The Ethic Majority
The Malaysia Peninsula Chinese, Malay and Indian
Sabah Kadazan-Dusun, Chinese and Malay
Sarawak Dayak, Malay-Melanau and Chinese

5.  Assimilation
 One-way process of unity which will generate one
culture, one language and one religion.
 Amalgamation
 Involve biological combination (mixed marriages)
this process will produce a new group with a new
culture.
 Pluralism
 Allows every involved group to maintain their own
cultures, as well as that of forming unity.

6.  Ministry of National Unity and Community Development –
proves to be significant to help materialize the objectives
towards unity and integration.
Objectives of the ministry
i. Encourage the unity of the community of various races
and promote national integrity.
ii. Provide assistance in terms of community welfare
services.
iii. Develop and integrate the native communities.
iv. Enhance the significance and involvement of women in
the development of the country.
v. Standardize the demographic programmes and family
development.

7.  A few departments have been set up within the Ministry
 Malaysia Community Welfare Department, the National Unity
Department, the Aboriginal Affairs Department, the Women
Affair’s Department and the National Welfare Foundation.
 A few activities have been planned in favour of Vision 2020 for
producing an unified Malaysian race.
a. Publication – producing several publications such as Muhibah
magazine, Jiran (newspaper), Permata Hatiku (collection of
short stories of unifying teenagers), Warisan (short stories’
Anthology) and others.
b. Unity Day – celebrated on 16th September
c. Waving of the Malaysian Flag campaign
d. Patriotic Songs’ Choir Competition
e. Short-Story Writing and Unity-related Photography
Competition
f. Unity-related Colouring Competition

8.  Malaysia has clearly become a multiracial county especially
after the arrival of British.
 British brought in Chinese, Indian, Punjab and Indonesian
labourers to work in certain economic sectors.
 British had used the ‘divide and rule’ system.
Discussion
Where did the Malays, Chinese and Indians lived and worked
under the segregation of British?

9. Malays
 Lived in the rural areas
 Working on agriculture, fishing and other village sectors.
*only a small portion lived in town, they were working in
the administrative sector, especially clerks.
Chinese
 Most of them lived in town areas and mining area
 Worked as traders and miners
Indians
 Lived in estates- rubber & palm oil estates/ plantations
 Worked as labourers – rubber tappers

10. 1. Segregation of Residential Areas / Accommodation
2. Racial segregation in the Economic Sector
3. The separation of the Education Systems
4. Differences in beliefs or religions
5. The use of vernacular newspapers.
6. The Japanese rule in Malaya

11. 1. Motivating citizens to migrate from one place to
another.
i. Settling citizens in one particular area may propel
socialization and encourage more productive encounters.
ii. Government officers and their families are ordered to
migrate and serve in territories
iii. Traders in undeveloped areas move to a more developed
areas in expanding their economic activities.
iv. security forces – military and police force are brought to
certain territories from other territories.

12. 2. Uniformity of education system
i. Segregation in the education system is abolished and replaces
with a more unified and comprehensive educational system.
3. The role of the mass media
i. Malaysian Radio and Television (RTM) and newspapers were
used to expose various news, reports and government policies
reduced the information gap that existed. It also played a
significant role in ensuring that there wouldn’t be an domination
from foreign media.
4. Economic Integration
i. Development policies such as 5-Year Development Programme,
the New Economic Policy, the National Development Policy and
others to ensure economy that existed since colonization would
not remain after independence.

13. 5. Uniting the political principles
i. The mixed government system was one way to combine the
different principles between races - the Alliance Party was a
result of UMNO, MCA and MIC merger.
What does UMNO,MCA,MIC represent?
6. Other social aspects
i. The measures to instill unity had been achieved to a certain
extent, with the introduction and assimilations of social
policies such as Rukun Negara ( Pillars of Principles),
National Youth Policy, National Cultural Policy and others.

14. 1. The Rukun Negara ( Pillars of Principles) are a national
ideology created after the racial riot on 13th May 1969.
2. There are a few objective of the Rukun Negara.
i. Achieve a strong sense of unity amongst the community.
ii. Preserve the democratic way of life.
iii. Form a fair community so that prosperity is enjoyed
together equally and fairly.
iv. Form a liberal community especially towards respective
cultures.
v. Build a progressive community equipped with science and
technology.

15. 1. Believing in God
2. Loyalty to the King and Country
3. The transparency of the Constitution
4. The sovereignty of Laws
5. Mannerism and Courtesy

16. Believing in God
 Religion is an important element as the absence of religion
may destroy one’s personality.
 Religious principles may also serve as a guide for one’s actions,
as well as be aware of sins and awards.
 Islam is the official religion in Malaysia, however other
religions are free to be practised.
Loyalty to The King and Country
 This principle stresses on the loyalty of citizens towards the
head of country and their respective states.
 Generate responsible citizens and those who are willing to
sacrifice for the country.
 Priortises the good of the community and the country without
prejudice and racial sentiments.

17. The Transparency of the Constitution
 This principles emphasizes that the people are able to accept,
obey and defend the nobility of the Constitution.
 This is because the constitution has the role in providing
protection and rights for every member of the community.
 If everyone obeys the Constitution, the unity desired by the
country will finally be materialized.
The Sovereignty of Laws
 The laws of the country ensure that every individual in the
country has their basic rights secured.
 Every citizens is equal in status from the eyes of the law and is
governed by law.
 Laws must be obeyed to ensure the sovereignty can be
maintained, community will continue to develop and live in
peace and harmony.

18. Mannerism and Courtesy
 This principle is to make sure that Malaysians are polite and
courteous, emphasize the growth of personality and behavior
of a person.
 The way one speak- refined language and behaviour to ensure
that good relationships among the different groups can be
sustained.
 People have noble marality and avoid sensitive issues and
matters agreed by the majority.
 The formation of a harmonious multiracial community will
be materialized if every individual in the community can hold
firmly to this fifth principle.