Unit 3 lesson 2 food pyramids
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The document defines a food pyramid as a diagram showing trophic levels horizontally with producers on the bottom and higher consumers stacked on top, with the size of each level proportional to the mass of organisms. Fewer organisms exist at higher trophic levels because less energy is available, requiring organisms to eat more from lower levels to survive. The higher the trophic level, the less mass, number of organisms, and amount of energy. The food pyramid is upside down for pollutants due to biological amplification, where toxins become more concentrated in fats of higher-level organisms that eat many lower ones. This explains the buildup of DDT in food chains.
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This document discusses different types of interactions between organisms and their environment. It explains that populations are limited by factors like food, water, space, and other resources. When populations exceed the carrying capacity of their environment, limiting factors cause deaths until the population stabilizes. The document also describes different ways organisms interact, including competition for resources, predator-prey relationships, symbiosis, and coevolution as species adapt to each other over long periods of time.
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This document discusses biomagnification, which is the increasing concentration of harmful substances like pesticides or mercury as you move up the trophic levels of a food chain. It begins by defining biomagnification and providing an example of how mercury concentrations increase from plankton to small fish to larger predatory fish. It then explains the processes of bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and how substances can magnify due to their persistence and inability to break down or be excreted from organisms. Finally, it discusses the 10% law of energy transfer between trophic levels and provides a hypothetical example of how energy is lost at each level from the sun to plants to herbivores to carnivores.
Food chain,food web and ecological pyramids
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers, like plants, through consumers at different trophic levels, and explains the key levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are described as interconnected food chains that form a network of feeding relationships between species. Ecological pyramids illustrate the structure of ecosystems by depicting the numbers, biomass, or productivity at each trophic level, with producers at the base and top predators at the apex. Disturbances like bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemicals can disrupt ecosystem balance.
Foodchainfoodwebandecologicalcycle 140302224948-phpapp02
Food chains describe the transfer of energy from producers like plants through consumers at different trophic levels with herbivores eating plants and carnivores eating other animals. Food webs expand this concept to show the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and how nutrients cycle between different species. Ecological pyramids graphically represent numbers, biomass, and energy at each trophic level, with producers forming the base and top carnivores the tip.
Foodchain foodweb and ecological cycle
Food chains describe the transfer of energy from producers like plants through consumers at different trophic levels with herbivores eating plants and carnivores eating other animals. Food webs expand this concept to show the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and how nutrients cycle between different species. Ecological pyramids graphically represent numbers, biomass, and energy at each trophic level, with producers forming the base and top carnivores the tip.
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ange.pptx
Biodiversity contributes to human well-being by providing raw materials and health benefits. However, human actions often lead to irreversible losses of biodiversity at a rapidly increasing rate over the past 50 years. The main factors responsible are habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, climate change, and overconsumption. Conserving biodiversity through measures like protecting endangered species and biodiversity hotspots is important because ecosystems provide essential services like water purification, crop pollination, and potential future medicines.
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FoodChains CSEC PowerPoint Presentation for students
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Foodchainfoodwebandecologicalcycle 140302224948-phpapp02
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- 1. Unit 3 Part 2 Food Pyramids p. 95-100
- 2. Define Food Pyramid • Diagram showing each trophic level as a horizontal LESS bar. • Producers are located on bottom • Higher consumers are placed on top of each other. MORE • Each bar is drawn in proportion to the mass of organisms • More mass at the lower levels, less at the top… hence the triangular shape!
- 3. Why are there fewer organisms at each trophic level? P. 97 If humans became primary consumers only, then more of the human population could be supported. • As you go up the food chain, less energy is available at each higher level. • (1/10th of lower level). Remember 90% is used up! • Organisms higher up have to eat MORE food from lower levels to survive. • Therefore, fewer organisms can obtain energy to live = fewer organisms are at each higher level.
- 4. Higher means Less! The higher up you go, there is less: a. Mass of organisms – food pyramid b. Number of organisms – pyramid of numbers c. Amount of energy – energy pyramid
- 5. Why is this pyramid upside down? Biological Amplification
- 6. Why is this pyramid upside down? Biological Amplification • Biological Amplification is the tendency of pollutants/toxins to become more concentrated in higher trophic levels. • Often, this is to the detriment of the higher order organisms in which these materials concentrate, since the pollutants are often toxic. • Also referred to as Biological magnification
- 7. Biological Amplification – simplified! • FACT! - Some toxins (DDT & mercury) are stored in fat and are NOT water soluble or excreted. • Plants/organisms at lower levels take in toxins. • Animals higher up eat MANY of these lower organisms to obtain enough energy. • Taking in MORE toxins as well = build up of toxins is much higher in these higher up consumers.
- 8. Consumer- eats 3 fox Coyote = 300 units of toxins built up Consumer- eats 5 Fox = 100 units of toxins rabbits built up Consumer- eats 20 Rabbit = 20 units of toxins shrubs built up Producer Shrub = 1 unit of toxin
- 9. How do food pyramids help explain DDT amplification? P. 97 (Handout!!) • DDT was a particularly dangerous toxin because it is fat soluble and stays in an animal's fat. (Some poisons are water soluble and can be excreted from the system.) • Lower order organisms ingest some poison which is store in their fat. • Higher order organisms eat large numbers of lower order organisms. (Ex. A small amount in a frog becomes large in a hawk that eats 100 frogs.
- 10. Introduction of new species? • What could be the probable impact that: • the recent arrival of coyotes on the island of Newfoundland may have on the local ecosystem? • the introduction of snowshoe hare or even the moose to the island of Newfoundland? • the introduction of chinch bugs when it arrived through sods imported from mainland Canada?
- 11. Possible Effects ??? • Elimination/disruption of their food sources/species. • Competition for food sources may cause decline or endanger other native species that eat same food source. • Diseases or DANGER may be introduced causing decline or disruption. • May cause interruption or decline in economic activity related to lost/declining species. (ex. Moose & Caribou) • Financial cost to subsequently control new species. • May cause the CREATION OF NEW BUSINESSES… to control the species, tourism etc.. • The new plant/animal could be a FOOD SOURCE for the local ecosystem.