Unit 2 vocabulary

•Download as PPT, PDF•

0 likes•194 views

The document defines and explains several key concepts from medieval European history including feudalism, manorialism, cultural diffusion, filial piety, dynasty, dynastic cycle, shogunate, epidemic, pandemic, Renaissance, humanism, vernacular, secularism, science, perspective, and individuality. It provides brief descriptions of political, economic, social, cultural, and artistic developments during this period.

Technology Spiritual

This document discusses the historical development of governments from primitive societies to early civilizations like Sumer. It describes how the rise of agriculture and the need to coordinate irrigation led to the emergence of centralized authority and monarchy in early Sumerian cities to manage water distribution. As these cities developed further, political and social hierarchies became more complex, with specialized roles emerging for priests, warriors, farmers and tax collectors. Military leadership also became an important part of kingship as the cities engaged in conflicts over resources and territory. The patterns set in early civilizations like Sumer were influential and spread with them as trade carried aspects of their civilizations and forms of government to other societies.

The neolithic revolution led to the creation of settled communities

Dwain Knight

The document discusses several key aspects of early civilizations including the Neolithic revolution leading to settled communities, Hammurabi's Code making laws more consistent, and civilized societies being characterized by government, writing, and religion. It also touches on topics like Hinduism and Buddhism originating in India, Greece being the birthplace of democracy, and feudalism being a political/social system while manorialism is an economic system.

Cultural Studies barker & jane ch2

Dr. Pamela Hampton-Garland

This chapter discusses key concepts in cultural studies and ideology. It covers the anthropological approach to culture and influential cultural theorists like Hoggart, Hartley, Thompson, and Williams. It also examines the relationship between high and low culture, as well as debates around mass/popular culture. Additionally, the chapter analyzes Marxism and the base-superstructure metaphor, and explores theories of ideology from Marx, Althusser, Gramsci and others. It addresses issues like hegemony, power, and how ideology functions in society.

Renaissance, Colonialism, Anti-Christian Western European Politics, Fake Hist...

Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis

First published on 15th April 2021 here: https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2021/04/15/renaissance-colonialism-anti-christian-western-european-politics-fake-historicity-political-nations-and-historical-education-part-ii/ The present article consists in a brief outlook of the nature of the diverse educational systems either in the rising and falling imperial realms or in the chaotic and worthless republics that lack sanctity, legitimacy, and humanity. Here you will find its second part. For the first part, go there: https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2021/04/14/secular-education-oriental-empires-cultural-nations-spirituality-religion-theology-down-to-renaissance-part-i/

The First Cities and States

anthropologyinkemerburgaz

This document provides an overview of the development of early states and chiefdoms. It discusses how agriculture led to sedentary settlements and increasing social complexity, with some settlements developing into chiefdoms with social ranking and inequality. States are defined as having central governments and class divisions. The first states emerged in Mesopotamia by 5500 BP and later in Mesoamerica. Factors that contributed to state formation included population growth, conflicts over resources, and the need to regulate irrigation for agriculture. Archaeologists can identify early states by evidence of monumental architecture, centralized food storage, irrigation systems, and early writing systems.

Unilinear Evolutionism

bentogo

1. 19th century anthropologists like Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor proposed theories of unilinear evolutionism, which argued that all human societies evolved through the same linear stages of development, from savagery to barbarism to civilization. 2. Morgan's 1877 book "Ancient Society" divided savagery and barbarism into distinct sub-stages based on technological and cultural achievements. However, his assumptions of a single evolutionary path and criteria for stages have been criticized. 3. Tylor applied evolutionary theory to religion, proposing societies evolved from animism to polytheism to monotheism and eventually science. He and Morgan were interested in "survivals," or practices that survived into

Dehumanization In Crime

inventionjournals

This document discusses the concept of dehumanization throughout history and its relationship to crime. It describes how humans have often been treated as objects or commodities, from slavery and feudalism to modern capitalist and socialist systems. Various ideologies, religions, education systems, and wars have also minimized human dignity at times. While humanism arose to promote individual freedom and worth, modernity still risks reducing people to utility and perfectionism. The document analyzes how dehumanization can contribute to criminal behavior and how society reacts both negatively towards crime and lacking in prevention efforts. Overall it argues humanity must be the central focus of all systems and structures to avoid further objectification of individuals.

Political science focuses on group power and collective decision-making processes. It is a social science that studies society and how people behave and influence the world. Other social sciences also examine important social issues and phenomena that profoundly impact people's lives, such as poverty, lack of education, family problems, ineffective governments, and war, which can cause physical illness and death. Decolonization in the 20th century led to independence for over 50 countries and 800 million people in Asia and Africa, though before World War 1 it seemed they would remain under European rule for generations. Colonization displaced indigenous identities and cultures, favoring those of colonizers, with lingering effects on post-colonial societies like the Philippines where English is still favored over the

Philman rc report

Fedie Orga

The document provides an overview of key concepts from Karl Marx's philosophical perspective of materialism and historical materialism. It discusses Marx's view that human society is based on how humans produce the means of subsistence through labor and the resulting division of classes based on property ownership, and how the dominant social class can be displaced by a new emerging class as the mode of production changes.

The world system and colonialism2

anthropologyinkemerburgaz

The document discusses the development of the modern world system from the 15th century onward. It describes how European colonialism in the 15th-19th centuries and the industrial revolution established a global capitalist economy divided into core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries. Postcolonial studies examine the interactions between colonizing European nations and the societies they colonized. Different intervention philosophies like colonialism, communism, neoliberalism, and development have shaped global relations.

British cultural materialism

deepikavaja

Cultural studies emerged in Britain and is referred to as British cultural materialism. It examines culture from the perspective of relations of power and how culture reinforces and maintains social structures like the state and capitalism. Key influences on British cultural materialism include Marx, Gramsci, Althusser, and theorists focused on how ideology controls society and reproduces existing social relations through cultural objects and texts. British cultural materialism views culture as political and considers how power structures like patriarchy are reinforced through supposedly neutral cultural works and ideas.

P 8 popular culture ans post-colonialism

ankimakwana

This document discusses popular culture and post-colonialism. It defines culture and popular culture, noting that popular culture includes mass media like film, music, and news. It examines different forms of popular culture like popular music, sports, and comic books. The document also discusses post-colonialism, defining it as dealing with the culture and literature of former colonies. It notes post-colonial theory examines how colonizers influenced the identities of colonized peoples.

Paper 09, roll no 03

maulikbhatt

Matthew Arnold's 1869 work "Culture and Anarchy" addresses the societal changes in Victorian England brought about by industrialization, urbanization, and expanded education and voting rights. Arnold uses a Socratic narrator to divide society into the Philistine middle class, the Barbarian aristocratic segment, and the lower populace class, arguing they could be elevated out of anarchy through the pursuit of culture, which he defines as an inherent tension between Hebraism and Hellenism. The work was a provocative tract and classic defense of high culture against the pressures of modernity on Victorian society.

Anth1 Theory Ch03

Jana Fortier

The document provides an overview of major theoretical perspectives in cultural anthropology, including evolutionism, historical particularism, functionalism, structuralism, symbolic and interpretive anthropology, neoevolutionism, world systems theory, and political economy approaches. It summarizes key ideas, theorists, and works associated with each perspective from the 19th century to present day.

State, civil society and social changes

Fernando Alcoforado

5 1) Throughout history, the state has served the interests of the dominant social classes, not the common good. The government and parliament are subordinated to the financial system and dominant classes. 2) Early human societies had collective ownership and no social classes or private property. Functions like defense and justice were shared by all. The development of social classes led to these functions being reserved for ruling minorities through the state. 3) Gramsci argued that the state encompasses both political society using coercion and civil society influencing ideology. True democracy and transforming capitalist states requires strengthening civil society organizations through a "war of position" rather than insurrection.

Marxist

Marielle San Juan

This document summarizes a Marxist critique of the English III course materials. It discusses key Marxist concepts like historical materialism, the idea that economic systems and class struggles drive history. It analyzes the progression from slave societies to feudalism to capitalism, noting how the state serves ruling economic classes. It also discusses how ideas are shaped by economic conditions and how capitalism inevitably creates tensions that will lead to its destruction and replacement by socialism, as the working class gains power and abolishes private ownership and class exploitation. The summary concludes by briefly describing Dr. Seuss's book "Horton Hears a Who" as an example of literary text covered in the course.

Unilineal Evolution

Waqar Abbasi

Unilineal Evolution describes a theory proposed by Lewis Henry Morgan that all societies progress through the same three stages of cultural development: from Savagery, where hunting and gathering is practiced; to Barbarism, where a more complex social system emerges; to Civilization, which begins with the development of writing. Morgan believed each culture evolved in a linear path from simple to more complex forms of social organization.

Emergence of sociology

SociologyDepartment1

Sociology emerged from philosophical and intellectual developments in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Enlightenment challenged traditional authorities and emphasized the scientific study of social phenomena. The Scientific Revolution and philosophy of history influenced viewing society scientifically. The Industrial Revolution and French Revolution drove major social changes, creating needs to study and understand emerging social problems. Early sociologists studied how industrialization and new social structures affected societies.

Making sense of our everyday experiences

Maryjoydailo

Anthropology is the study of humanity and seeks to understand both the differences and similarities between cultures. It examines all aspects of human social life, such as family, beliefs, economics, and gender roles. Anthropologists undertake long-term fieldwork in communities around the world to observe culture from the perspective of insiders. This allows them to deeply understand individual societies and also draw comparisons between cultures. Studying diverse cultures in this way provides insights into what it means to be human and reveals our common traits despite our differences.

Introduction Part of Ania Loomba’s Colonialism/Postcolonialism

Sardarsinh Solanki

Ania Loomba is a scholar of postcolonial studies who received her B.A, M.A and M.Phill degrees from Delhi University. She researches and teaches early modern literature, histories of race and colonialism, postcolonial studies, feminist theory, and contemporary Indian literature and culture. Loomba defines colonialism as the physical occupation of territory and postcolonialism as dealing with the effects of colonization on culture and societies. Imperialism refers to the rule of an emperor, especially when despotic and arbitrary. Neo-colonialism aims to maintain control of former colonies through economic arrangements after World War 2. Colonial literature was influenced by war and includes works like Aime Cesaire's "

A background reading from: Ania Loomba's Colonialism & Post colonialism

upadhyaydevangana

This document provides background information on colonialism, imperialism, and post-colonialism from various academic sources and definitions. It discusses how colonialism originally referred to Roman settlements but later described the European conquest and control of other lands and goods from the 16th century onward. Imperialism differed in that it pertained to rule under an empire, often in a despotic manner. Post-colonialism refers to the aftermath of colonial rule and the complex ideological disengagement from colonial influences, though the precise beginning of the post-colonial era is debated.

Postcolonialism

Denlyn Joy Halili

Postcolonialism refers to intellectual works and theories that emerged in the mid-20th century in response to colonialism. It focuses on regions that were formerly colonized, including parts of Africa, Asia, and India. Postcolonial theory examines the cultural legacy of colonialism and the conflicts between colonizers and indigenous populations. Important theorists include Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. Postcolonial criticism seeks to challenge Eurocentric perspectives and address how colonial powers represented foreign cultures.

Global midterm review

eben_cooke

The document provides an overview of key concepts in social studies including: 1) Definitions of various social science fields like history, economics, geography, and their practitioners. 2) Distinctions between primary and secondary sources. 3) Concepts of cultural diffusion and ethnocentrism with examples. 4) Influences of geographic features on river valley civilizations and trade. 5) Characteristics of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley.

Anthroreport culture

Lolita Gaela

The document discusses several aspects of precolonial Philippine culture, including art, mythology, religion, medicine, politics, and warfare. It describes examples of Philippine art like woodcarving and weaving. It discusses the origin of Philippine mythology in folk literature and the purpose of myths. It explains that the early religion was animism and the belief in spirits. It provides details on supernatural beliefs, medical practices of albularyos and hilot, and the political system of datus, elders, and laws announced by town criers. It also briefly mentions the goals of precolonial Philippine warfare.

Darsana

DARSANAWARRIER

This document summarizes the history and development of social sciences. It mentions that significant early contributions were made by scholars like Al-Biruni in the Islamic world and Kautilya in South Asia. The field of social science began emerging in the 17th-18th centuries in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment with thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, and Grotius. Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" and established it as a field in the 19th century, while scholars like Marx and Durkheim made major contributions. The term "social science" was established in the 1820s and has continued to grow and integrate various disciplines over time.

Defining the terms

Jose Santiago Fernandez Vazquez

This document defines key terms related to postcolonial literature and criticism. It discusses colonialism as the establishment of settlements in distant territories subject to a parent state. Imperialism involves a metropolitan power ruling over distant territories, while neo-imperialism refers to economic control. Postcolonialism can refer to the temporal period after colonialism or an ideological critique of colonialism. However, some critique postcolonialism for presenting a linear view of history and ignoring ongoing aspects of colonialism. The document also notes social and racial differences within colonies were not fully captured.

Ancient Greece

mattbunn

The document provides an overview of classical antiquity in Greece, covering major periods and events from the Bronze Age civilizations through the decline of city-states. It discusses the rise of the polis system and highlights developments in Sparta, Athens, and other city-states, including the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. The summary concludes that ancient Greece represented a foundational period that set the Greeks' culture on a divergent path from other civilizations and helped lay the groundwork for Western civilization.

pitch

bekiphipps

The pitch is for a short film noir set in a futuristic dystopia about a man dragged into a life of crime by an obsessed femme fatale. The story would follow the man as he sits alone in a diner, until the femme fatale enters and robs the waitress at gunpoint. They then embrace and walk away together holding the gun. The film will be shot in the style of gritty 1940s crime films and aim to cast three actors to play the main roles on a low budget.

Gerencia siglo 21

slimincho