Past questions

1. SAM – Poetry Higher
Spend about 1 hour on this section. Think carefully about the poems before you write your
answer.
In the first of the following poems, Woman Work, a black woman speaks about her life in the
southern states of the USA. In the second, Overheard in County Sligo, a woman speaks about her life in Ireland.
Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they are different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons where appropriate in your
answer as a whole.
You may wish to include some or all of these points:
• the content of the poems – what they are about;
• the ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about;
• the mood or atmosphere of the poems;
• how they are written – words and phrases you find interesting, the way they are organised,
and so on;
• your responses to the poems. [20]
Woman Work
I’ve got the children to tend
The clothes to mend
The floor to mop
The food to shop
Then the chicken to fry
The baby to dry
I got company to feed
The garden to weed
I’ve got the shirts to press
The tots to dress
The cane to be cut
I gotta clean up this hut
Then see about the sick
And the cotton to pick.
Shine on me, sunshine
Rain on me, rain
Fall softly, dewdrops
And cool my brow again.
Storm, blow me from here
With your fiercest wind
Let me float across the sky
‘Til I can rest again
Fall gently, snowflakes
Cover me with white
Cold icy kisses and
Let me rest tonight.
Sun, rain, curving sky
Mountain, oceans, leaf and stone
Star shine, moon glow
You’re all that I can call my own.
Maya Angelou
Overheard in County Sligo
I married a man from County Roscommon
and I live in the back of beyond
with a field of cows and a yard of hens
and six white geese on the pond.
At my door’s a square of yellow corn
caught up by its corners and shaken,
and the road runs down through the open gate
and freedom’s there for the taking.
I had thought to work on the Abbey* stage
or have my name in a book,
to see my thought on the printed page,
or still the crowd with a look.
But I turn to fold the breakfast cloth
and to polish the lustre and brass,
to order and dust the tumbled rooms
and find my face in the glass.
I ought to feel I’m a happy woman
for I lie in the lap of the land,
and I married a man from County Roscommon
and I live in the back of beyond.
Gillian Clarke
* Abbey: A well-known theatre in Dublin
(Higher Unit 1)
© Maya Angelou 1978.
Reproduced from Still I Rise by kind permission of Virago Press
Reproduced by kind permission from Selected Poems by
Gillian Clarke, published by Carcanet Press Limited 1996.

2. Poetry June 2011 H
Both poems describe people’s reactions to individuals on the edge of society.
Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they are
different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons
where appropriate in your answer as a whole. You may wish to include some or all of these points:
• the content of the poems – what they are about;
• the ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about;
• the mood or atmosphere of the poems;
• how they are written – words and phrases you find interesting, the way they are organised, and so on;
• your responses to the poems, including how they are similar and how they are different. [20]
Tramp
This mad prophet
gibbers* mid-traffic,
wringing his hands
whilst mouthing at heaven.
No messages for us.
His conversation is simply
a passage through time.
He points and calls.
Our uneven stares dissuade*
approach. We fear him, his
matted hair, patched coat,
grey look from sleeping out.
We mutter amongst ourselves
and hope he keeps away. No
place for him in our heaven,
there it’s clean and empty.
* gibbers – speaks so fast it sounds like nonsense
*dissuade – persuade against
Rupert M. Loydell.
Decomposition
I have a picture I took in Bombay
of a beggar asleep on the pavement:
grey-haired, wearing shorts and a dirty shirt,
his shadow thrown aside like a blanket.
His arms and legs could be cracks in the stone;
routes for the ants’ journeys, the flies’
descents.
brain-washed by the sun into exhaustion,
he lies veined into stone, a fossil man.
Behind him, there is a crowd passingly
bemused by a pavement trickster and quite
indifferent to this very common sight
of an old man asleep on the pavement.
I thought it was a good composition
and glibly called it The Man in the Street,
remarking how typical it was of
India that the man in the street lived there.
His head in the posture of one weeping
into a pillow chides me* now for my
presumption at attempting to compose
art out of his hunger and solitude.
*chides me – tells me off
Zulfikar Ghose

3. Poetry Jan 2012 H
In both poems people reflect on relationships that have gone wrong.
6. Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they are
different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons
where appropriate in your answer as a whole.
You may wish to include some or all of these points:
• the content of the poems – what they are about;
• the ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about;
• the mood or atmosphere of the poems;
• how they are written – words and phrases you find interesting, the way they are organised,
and so on;
• your responses to the poems, including how they are similar and how they are different.
[20]
Rejection
Rejection is orange
Not, as one might think,
Grey and nondescript.
It is the vivid orange of
A council worker’s jacket.
A coat of shame that says
‘he doesn’t want you.’
Rejection tastes like ashes
Acrid, bitter.
It sounds
Like the whisper of voices
Behind my back.
‘He didn’t want her.
He dumped her.’
It feels
Like the scraping of fingernails
On a blackboard,
Not ache or stab of pain
But like having
a layer of skin missing.
Rejection looks like - me,
I suppose.
Slightly leftover
Like the last, curled sandwich
When all the guests
Have gone.
Jenny Sullivan.
Years Ago
It was what we did not do that I remember,
places with no markers left by us,
All of a summer, meeting every day,
A memorable summer of hot days,
Day after day of them, evening after evening.
Sometimes we would laze
Upon the river-bank, just touching hands
Or stroking one another’s arms with grasses.
Swans floated by seeming to assert
Their dignity. But we too had our own
Decorum* in the small-change of first love.
Nothing was elegiac* or nostalgic,
We threw time in the river as we threw
Breadcrumbs to an inquisitive duck, and so
Day entered evening with a sweeping gesture,
Idly we talked of food and where to go.
This is the love that I knew long ago.
Before possession, passion, and betrayal.
Elizabeth Jennings.
*Decorum - suitable behaviour
*elegiac - mournful or sad

4. Summer 2013
Both poems describe the experience of being old.
6. Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they are
different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons
where appropriate in your answer as a whole.
You may wish to include some or all of these points:
• the content of the poems – what they are about;
• the ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about;
• the mood or atmosphere of the poems;
• how they are written – words and phrases you find interesting, the way they are organised,
and so on;
• your responses to the poems, including how they are similar and how they are different.
[20]
Yew Tree Guest House
The guest-house lounges
elderly ladies shrivel away
wearing bright beads and jumpers
to colour the waiting day
between breakfast and bed.
Grey widows whose beds and meals are made,
husbands tidied with the emptied cupboards,
live in mortgaged time
disguising inconsequence
with shavings of surface talk, letters
to nieces, stitches dropped in the quick-knit jacket,
picked up for makeweight meaning.
Weekdays are patterned by meals –
sole chance for speculation –
will it be cabbage or peas; boiled fish or fried?
Dead Sunday is dedicated to roast beef –
knives and forks are grips upon existence.
This diversion lengthens the journey;
and since Mrs Porter ceased to come downstairs,
ceased altogether,
the ladies at the Yew Tree Guest House
draw closer to the table.
Phoebe Hesketh
Taken from ‘Netting the Sun: New and Collected Poems’, 1997.
Reprinted with permission of Enitharman Press
In the Basement of the Goodwill Store*
In musty light, in the thin brown air
of damp carpet, dolls’ heads and rust,
beneath long rows of sharp footfalls
like nails in a lid, an old man stands
trying on glasses, lifting each pair
from the box like a glittering fish
and holding it up to the light
of a dirty bulb. Near him, a heap
of enamelled pans as white as skulls
looms in the catacomb shadows,
and old toilets with dry red throats
cough up bouquets of curtain rods.
You’ve seen him somewhere before.
He’s wearing the green leisure suit
you threw out with the garbage,
and the Christmas tie you hated,
and the ventilated wingtip shoes
you found in your father’s closet
and wore as a joke. And the glasses
which finally fit him, through which
he looks to see you looking back –
two mirrors which flash and glance –
are those through which one day
you too will look down over the years,
when you have grown old and thin
and no longer particular,
and the things you once thought
you were rid of forever
have taken you back in their arms.
Ted Kooser
* Goodwill Store – a charity or junk shop in the USA
Taken from ‘One World at a Time’ © 1985.
Reprinted with permission of the University of Pittsburgh Press

5. Winter 2013
In both of these poems the poets write about making the most of every opportunity in life.
Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they are
different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons where appropriate in
your answer as a whole.
You may wish to include some or all of these points:
• the content of the poems – what they are about;
• the ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about;
• the mood or atmosphere of the poems;
• how they are written – words and phrases you find interesting, the way they are organised, and so on;
• your responses to the poems, including how they are similar and how they are different.
[20]
Dawn Revisited
Imagine you wake up
with a second chance: The blue jay*
hawks his pretty wares*
and the oak still stands, spreading
glorious shade. If you don’t look back,
the future never happens.
How good to rise in sunlight,
in the prodigal smell of biscuits –
eggs and sausage on the grill.
The whole sky is yours
to write on, blown open
to a blank page. Come on,
shake a leg! You’ll never know
who’s down there, frying those eggs,
if you don’t get up and see.
Rita Dove
From ‘On the Bus With Rosa Parks’
(W.W. Norton & Company)
*blue jay – a type of bird.
*hawks his pretty wares – draws attention to itself.
Carpe Diem*
From my study window
I see you
below in the garden, a hand
here pruning
or leaning across to snip
a wayward shoot;
a daub of powder-blue in a
profusion of green,
then next moment, you are
no longer there –
only to reappear, this time
perfectly framed
in dappling sunlight, with
an armful of ivy
you’ve trimmed, topped by
hyacinth blooms,
fragrant survivors of last
night’s frost.
And my heart misses a beat
at love for you,
knowing a time will come
when you are
no longer there, nor I here
to watch you
on a day of such simplicity.
Meantime let us
make sure we clasp each
shared moment
in cupped hands, like water
we dare not spill.
Stewart Conn
From ‘The Breakfast Room’

6. (Bloodaxe Books, 2010)
Summer 2014
Both poets explore their memories of parents.
Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they
are different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons
where appropriate in your answer as a whole.
You may wish to include some or all of these points:
• the content of the poems – what they are about;
• the ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about;
• the mood or atmosphere of the poems;
• how they are written – words and phrases you find interesting, the way they are organised,
and so on;
• your responses to the poems, including how they are similar and how they are different.
[20]

7. Coat
When it was bitter in New York City,
I would go out with my mother
past the icy buildings,
stay against her, just behind her
so she would stop the wind and snow,
and bury my face in her coat,
just there under her arm.
All winter, like her walk-in closet,
Its yellow light, I would walk into her,
Shake out my raw thoughts.
I didn’t know who or what we were passing
or even if the city was still there,
the long radiant hairs against my face
like my grandmother’s stole*
with fox’s head that lay on her breast,
me, clinging to my mortal mother,
our slow progress down that black, warm street.
Jane Duran
* stole – a scarf made of fur
The Armada
Long long ago
when everything I was told was believable
and the little I knew was less limited than now,
I stretched belly down on the grass beside a pond
and to the far bank launched a child’s armada*.
A broken fortress of twigs,
The paper-tissue sails of galleons,
the water-logged branches of submarines –
all came to ruin and were on flame
In that dusk-red pond.
And you, mother, stood behind me,
impatient to be going,
old at twenty-three, alone,
thin overcoat flapping.
How closely the past shadows us.
In a hospital a mile or so from that pond
I kneel beside your bed and, closing my eyes,
reach out across forty years to touch once more
that pond’s cool surface,
and it is your cool skin I’m touching;
for as on a pond a child’s paper boat
was blown out of reach
by the smallest gust of wind,
so too have you been blown out of reach
by the smallest whisper of death,
and a childhood memory is sharpened,
and the heart burns as that armada burnt,
long, long ago.
Brian Patten
* armada – a large group of ships
Winter 2014
In both of these poems the poets write about the effect animals have on people.
In each poem the poet describes his thoughts and feelings as he observes a creature.
6. Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they are different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons where
appropriate in your answer as a whole.
You may wish to include some or all of these points:
• the content of the poems – what they are about;
• the ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about;
• the mood or atmosphere of the poems;
• how they are written – words and phrases you find interesting, the way they are organised, and so on;
• your responses to the poems, including how they are similar and how they are different.
[20]
A Gull Considering the Snail

8. A seagull stood on my window ledge today,
said nothing, but had a good look inside.
That was a cold inspection I can tell you!
North winds, icebergs, flash of salt
crashed through the glass without a sound.
He shifted from leg to leg, swivelled his head.
There was not a fish in the house – only me.
Did he smell my flesh, that white one? Did he think
I would soon open the window and scatter bread?
Calculation in those eyes is quick.
‘I tell you, my chick, there is food everywhere.’
He eyed my furniture, my plants, an apple.
Perhaps he was a mutation, a supergull.
Perhaps he was, instead, a visitation
which only used that tight firm forward body
to bring the waste and dread of open waters,
foundered voyages, matchless predators,
into a dry room. I knew nothing.
I moved; I moved an arm. When the thing saw
the shadow of that, it suddenly flapped,
scuttered claws along the sill, and was off,
silent still. Who would be next for those eyes,
I wondered, and were they ready, and in order?
Edwin Morgan
The snail pushes through a green
night, for the grass is heavy
with water and meets over
the bright path he makes, where rain
has darkened the earth’s dark. He
moves in a wood of desire,
pale antlers barely stirring
as he hunts. I cannot tell
what power is at work, drenched there
with purpose, knowing nothing.
What is a snail’s fury? All
I think is that if later
I parted the blades above
the tunnel and saw the thin
trail of broken white across
litter, I would never have
imagined the slow passion
to that deliberate progress.
Thom Gunn
Taken from ‘Collected Poems’ © Thom Gunn.
Reprinted by permission of Faber and Faber Ltd.
Summer 2015
Write about both poems and their effect on you. Show how they are similar and how they
are different.
You may write about each poem separately and then compare them, or make comparisons
where appropriate in your answer as a whole.
City Lilacs
In crack-haunted alleys, overhangs,
plots of sour earth that pass for gardens,
in the space between wall and wheelie bin,
where men with mobiles make urgent conversation,
where bare-legged girls shiver in April winds,
where a new mother stands on her doorstep and blinks
at the brightness of morning, so suddenly born –
Huw’s Farm
Up at Huw’s farm, nature
Is invading gently, fingering
Its way over a wilderness of deserted
Relics. Here, Huw, Rachel
And two sons once toiled
On a bare hill blotted
With cones of slag* and memories.
Now shattered windows grin

9. in all these places the city lilacs are pushing
their cones of blossom into the spring
to be taken by the warm wind.
Lilac, like love, makes no distinction.
It will open for anyone.
Even before love knows that it is love
lilac knows it must blossom.
In crack-haunted alleys, in overhangs,
in somebody’s front garden
abandoned to crisp packets and cans,
on landscaped motorway roundabouts,
in the depths of parks
where men and women are lost in transactions
of flesh and cash, where mobiles ring
and the deal is done – here the city lilacs
release their sweet, wild perfume
then bow down, heavy with rain.
Helen Dunmore
Under creeping green locks
And the rude wind mocks
The empty rooms inhabited
By the curious sad silence of
Vanished people and homely residue.
Out in the brambled yard a rust
Crippled plough is sinking into
Forgotten soil and a toppled
Dry wall lets in the tide of
Couch grass from the hill breast.
Down in the valley, pits,
Vague through dust and smoke,
Whisper the dark fugue of
Industry and stubborn faith
Under a chapel eye of God.
Robert Morgan
* cones of slag – heaps of mining waste

10. in all these places the city lilacs are pushing
their cones of blossom into the spring
to be taken by the warm wind.
Lilac, like love, makes no distinction.
It will open for anyone.
Even before love knows that it is love
lilac knows it must blossom.
In crack-haunted alleys, in overhangs,
in somebody’s front garden
abandoned to crisp packets and cans,
on landscaped motorway roundabouts,
in the depths of parks
where men and women are lost in transactions
of flesh and cash, where mobiles ring
and the deal is done – here the city lilacs
release their sweet, wild perfume
then bow down, heavy with rain.
Helen Dunmore
Under creeping green locks
And the rude wind mocks
The empty rooms inhabited
By the curious sad silence of
Vanished people and homely residue.
Out in the brambled yard a rust
Crippled plough is sinking into
Forgotten soil and a toppled
Dry wall lets in the tide of
Couch grass from the hill breast.
Down in the valley, pits,
Vague through dust and smoke,
Whisper the dark fugue of
Industry and stubborn faith
Under a chapel eye of God.
Robert Morgan
* cones of slag – heaps of mining waste