The document summarizes a lecture about the driving economic forces shaping the modern web ecosystem. It discusses how network effects can lead to positive feedback and "winner-take-all" outcomes. This can result in market dominance by first movers and drift towards monopolies in markets with strong network effects. Other topics covered include multi-sided markets, the adoption cycle of new technologies, customer lock-in, and debates around net neutrality. The lecture aims to explain these concepts and discuss their impact on users and the future of the internet economy.
Welcome to the debate of net neutrality thinkingaloudVikram Gupta
Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication - Well this principle is now getting challenged by ISP's. This article is basically my views on the topic. have fun reading
Building an 'Internet of Things' ( IoT ) technology cluster in BrightonBill Harpley
A lecture about developing an 'Internet of Things' ( IoT ) technology cluster in Brighton. However, the lessons are applicable to anyone that has ambitions to build a cluster in their own locality.
This presentation was first given to Computer Science students at the University of Brighton on February 17th, 2016.
It provides an overview of the current state of IoT and examines what kind of skills and policies are necessary to develop an IoT technology cluster in Brighton.
It then proposes an 8 step programme to develop an IoT technology cluster, advocates the need for long-term vision and describes a strategy for developing Brighton as a major center for research and entrepreneurship in IoT and other emerging technologies.
Overview:
- A brief history of Connected Things
- The Internet of Things explained
- Policies and Frameworks
- Anatomy of a Technology Cluster
- Stages of IoT development
- Building a Brighton Cluster
- Long term vision
Welcome to the debate of net neutrality thinkingaloudVikram Gupta
Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication - Well this principle is now getting challenged by ISP's. This article is basically my views on the topic. have fun reading
Building an 'Internet of Things' ( IoT ) technology cluster in BrightonBill Harpley
A lecture about developing an 'Internet of Things' ( IoT ) technology cluster in Brighton. However, the lessons are applicable to anyone that has ambitions to build a cluster in their own locality.
This presentation was first given to Computer Science students at the University of Brighton on February 17th, 2016.
It provides an overview of the current state of IoT and examines what kind of skills and policies are necessary to develop an IoT technology cluster in Brighton.
It then proposes an 8 step programme to develop an IoT technology cluster, advocates the need for long-term vision and describes a strategy for developing Brighton as a major center for research and entrepreneurship in IoT and other emerging technologies.
Overview:
- A brief history of Connected Things
- The Internet of Things explained
- Policies and Frameworks
- Anatomy of a Technology Cluster
- Stages of IoT development
- Building a Brighton Cluster
- Long term vision
Api days 2014 from theatrophone to ap is_the 2020 telco challenge_Luis Borges Quina
"From the theatrophone, to apps ... to APIs: the
2020 Telco innovation challenge"
From the inception of Meucci's Teletroffono to the Theatrophon, first on-demand live events broadcasting service, Telecoms have always been a provider of life changing technologies. But since the rise of "Over
The Top" services (Viber, WhatsApp, Skype,etc.), and the duopolistic Google and Apples' app distribution channels, the Telecom industry has been severely challenged. In this session, after reviewing the main disruptions, we will provide scenarios on how the Telco value chain will change in the next 5 years. And show how the app economy, Open Source and APIs are going to lead the change in this industry.
By CEO of EDEL Technology Consulting at IMANI Youth Event
Traditional media and bureaucratic restrictions are no longer walls high enough to deprive our society of accountable governance through youth activism. Technology offers the youths with innovative and multi-faceted ways to:
1. Voice out their opinions on government policies and issues of concern to their target audience through multifaceted social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Blogs etc. Good examples would be the "Dumsor March" in 2015, "Bring back out Girls campaign", “The Occupy Ghana Campaign” and many others.
2. Test government efficacy by making all elements and information associated to governance and government decisions accessible to both the government and citizenry such as figures and technical related to public projects for example, the recent "bus branding saga" etc.
3. Facilitate accountable governance in data collection and record keeping through data management systems
4. Simplify and make all elements and information associated to governance and government decisions accessible to both the government and citizenry through interactive websites and mobile applications.
Gerd Leonhard International Economic Forum St Petersburg 2008 Future Of Copyr...Gerd Leonhard
Here is my presentation from this event and panel called ‘Protecting intellectual property - future rules of the game', focusing on why the paradigm expansion from Copyright to Access / Usage Rights is needed, and how the rising tide of PERMISSION and new flat rate licenses will float all boats; and what that could mean for the IPR discussion in Russia....
The network effect is one of the most vital competitive advantages, and it can also rapidly change the firms to the lead in new industries/businesses .A network effect is a phenomenon when a service/product becomes more valuable as the number of people who use it increases, thereby encouraging the numbers of adopters.
It can also occur when other firms make products/services that is ancillary to an existing product/services, hence increases that product's value. The classic example of the Network effects is the telephone. The more the number of people who own telephones, the more is the value of the telephone network is to each owner. The network effect is quite often the result of word-of-mouth activities.
AUTHOR: Willi Schroll, strategiclabs Berlin –
CONFERENCE: IoT Week – London 16th-20th June 2014 –
DATE: 18th June 2014 –
TRACK: Society –
HASHTAG: #IoTweek –
Please download the study "Connected Reality 2025" for free:
http://de.slideshare.net/Z_punkt/z-punkt-studyconnectedreality2025englsingle
OUTLINE of the presentation:
I. Foresight perspective on IoT and related drivers
II. IoT and the „Power of Social“
THESES
Thesis I: Most of IoT has as much to do with social relationships as it does with technology
Thesis II: Socio-centric analysis complementing the user‐centric standards
Thesis III: Network theory and Social Capital theory are essential perspectives to build a framework for IoT development/UXD
A dominant part of the slidedeck introduces the study "Connected Reality 2025".
The Living Bridges Planet community (facebook group of 6.800) is intended as an exemplification of applied Social Capital theory. Since 2012 a "network of networks" has been – including frequent video chats, peer2peer learning, knowledge flow, the spreading and the re-accumulation of the social capital form trust. This dynamics illustrates the "power of social".
Implications for IoT design and development are affecting the IoT research design and the assumptions / process design in product and service development. (See theses above)
http://de.slideshare.net/Z_punkt/z-punkt-studyconnectedreality2025englsingle
Can Municipal Governments be the Broadband Utilities of Tomorrow?Anton D. Batalla
Rethinking the Internet: How Municipal Governments can be the Broadband Utilities of Tomorrow. This presentation was given at the 2015 MISAC Annual Conference.
Personal Footprint Account – degrowth conference 2014 – open space presentationWilli Schroll
WHAT: Open space and interactive workshop in the perspective of foresight –
WHEN: September 4th, 2014 –
WHERE: International degrowth conference #4, Leipzig –
WHO: Willi Schroll, MA, Berlin
Api days 2014 from theatrophone to ap is_the 2020 telco challenge_Luis Borges Quina
"From the theatrophone, to apps ... to APIs: the
2020 Telco innovation challenge"
From the inception of Meucci's Teletroffono to the Theatrophon, first on-demand live events broadcasting service, Telecoms have always been a provider of life changing technologies. But since the rise of "Over
The Top" services (Viber, WhatsApp, Skype,etc.), and the duopolistic Google and Apples' app distribution channels, the Telecom industry has been severely challenged. In this session, after reviewing the main disruptions, we will provide scenarios on how the Telco value chain will change in the next 5 years. And show how the app economy, Open Source and APIs are going to lead the change in this industry.
By CEO of EDEL Technology Consulting at IMANI Youth Event
Traditional media and bureaucratic restrictions are no longer walls high enough to deprive our society of accountable governance through youth activism. Technology offers the youths with innovative and multi-faceted ways to:
1. Voice out their opinions on government policies and issues of concern to their target audience through multifaceted social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Blogs etc. Good examples would be the "Dumsor March" in 2015, "Bring back out Girls campaign", “The Occupy Ghana Campaign” and many others.
2. Test government efficacy by making all elements and information associated to governance and government decisions accessible to both the government and citizenry such as figures and technical related to public projects for example, the recent "bus branding saga" etc.
3. Facilitate accountable governance in data collection and record keeping through data management systems
4. Simplify and make all elements and information associated to governance and government decisions accessible to both the government and citizenry through interactive websites and mobile applications.
Gerd Leonhard International Economic Forum St Petersburg 2008 Future Of Copyr...Gerd Leonhard
Here is my presentation from this event and panel called ‘Protecting intellectual property - future rules of the game', focusing on why the paradigm expansion from Copyright to Access / Usage Rights is needed, and how the rising tide of PERMISSION and new flat rate licenses will float all boats; and what that could mean for the IPR discussion in Russia....
The network effect is one of the most vital competitive advantages, and it can also rapidly change the firms to the lead in new industries/businesses .A network effect is a phenomenon when a service/product becomes more valuable as the number of people who use it increases, thereby encouraging the numbers of adopters.
It can also occur when other firms make products/services that is ancillary to an existing product/services, hence increases that product's value. The classic example of the Network effects is the telephone. The more the number of people who own telephones, the more is the value of the telephone network is to each owner. The network effect is quite often the result of word-of-mouth activities.
AUTHOR: Willi Schroll, strategiclabs Berlin –
CONFERENCE: IoT Week – London 16th-20th June 2014 –
DATE: 18th June 2014 –
TRACK: Society –
HASHTAG: #IoTweek –
Please download the study "Connected Reality 2025" for free:
http://de.slideshare.net/Z_punkt/z-punkt-studyconnectedreality2025englsingle
OUTLINE of the presentation:
I. Foresight perspective on IoT and related drivers
II. IoT and the „Power of Social“
THESES
Thesis I: Most of IoT has as much to do with social relationships as it does with technology
Thesis II: Socio-centric analysis complementing the user‐centric standards
Thesis III: Network theory and Social Capital theory are essential perspectives to build a framework for IoT development/UXD
A dominant part of the slidedeck introduces the study "Connected Reality 2025".
The Living Bridges Planet community (facebook group of 6.800) is intended as an exemplification of applied Social Capital theory. Since 2012 a "network of networks" has been – including frequent video chats, peer2peer learning, knowledge flow, the spreading and the re-accumulation of the social capital form trust. This dynamics illustrates the "power of social".
Implications for IoT design and development are affecting the IoT research design and the assumptions / process design in product and service development. (See theses above)
http://de.slideshare.net/Z_punkt/z-punkt-studyconnectedreality2025englsingle
Can Municipal Governments be the Broadband Utilities of Tomorrow?Anton D. Batalla
Rethinking the Internet: How Municipal Governments can be the Broadband Utilities of Tomorrow. This presentation was given at the 2015 MISAC Annual Conference.
Personal Footprint Account – degrowth conference 2014 – open space presentationWilli Schroll
WHAT: Open space and interactive workshop in the perspective of foresight –
WHEN: September 4th, 2014 –
WHERE: International degrowth conference #4, Leipzig –
WHO: Willi Schroll, MA, Berlin
Report on zero rating and its definition – 18 annenberg-oxford media policy s...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
The Annenberg-Oxford Media Policy Summer Institute provides researchers, academics, practitioners, media lawyers, and activists with an intensive two week curriculum that covers a range of media issues. Over the past seventeen years, Annenberg-Oxford has brought participants from all around the world to discuss the influence of trends in development, international politics, and technology on media policy.
IAB Tuesday Webinar: Tackling ad supported intellectual property infringementIAB Europe
The rise of websites offering intellectual property infringing content has a severe impact on industry in Europe. To tackle the problem, the European Commission has recently issued an Action Plan paving the way towards a “follow the money approach” ie seeking to deprive commercial scale infringers of revenue flows such as digital advertising.
However, tackling ad-supported intellectual property infringement represents several challenges for the digital advertising sector:who should be responsible for identifying infringing content? How do we ensure ads are not served on such websites? What are the responsibilities for the different businesses in the digital advertising chain?
The objective of this free webinar is to provide you with an update on the policy discussion: you’ll hear rights holders’ perspective as well as from the European Commission .It will give you an insight on how the sector is addressing the issue in the biggest European digital advertising market, the UK.
European public and policy elite views of US tech companies
This presentation explores consumer attitudes to US tech companies in France, Germany, the UK and Brussels, how that interacts with media coverage, and what is driving the European regulatory agenda towards the internet and technology companies.
For more information please contact:
Chris Blundell: http://www.brunswickgroup.com/people/directory/chris-blundell/
Philippe Blanchard: http://www.brunswickgroup.com/people/directory/philippe-blanchard/
Bringing Intelligence to Everything - ICI - Printability and Graphic Communic...Christine Canet
Bringing Intelligence to Everything!
This presentation enlightens about the crucial evolutions of the Graphic Arts Industries facing global challenges and the Information Technologies convergence.
Therefore, disruptive innovations are emerging along with an accelerated rythme that requires dedicated adaptation strategies.
Following these trends, the printing products are increasing their potential of applications, from customised prints, to communicant prints, towards connected prints.
ICI - Printability and Graphic Communications Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
The Institute is an integrated centre for innovation and expertise in graphic communications and printability that actively supports companies and their employees in their technological and commercial development.
ICI
999 Émile-Journault Ave East
Montreal (Québec) Canada H2M 2E2
Telephone : (514) 389-5061
Fax : (514) 389-5840
Email : information@i-ci.ca
www.icgq.qc.ca
Software is changing the way traditional business operate. People how have smartphones in their pockets - a supercomputer that is 25,000 times more powerful and the minicomputers of the 1960. This is changing people's behaviour and how people shop and use services. The organizational structure created in the 20th century cannot survive when new digital solution are being offered.
Bringing Intelligence to Everything - ICI - Printability and Graphic Communic...Chloé Bois
Bringing Intelligence to Everything!
This presentation enlightens about the crucial evolutions of the Graphic Arts Industries facing global challenges and the Information Technologies convergence.
Therefore, disruptive innovations are emerging along with an accelerated rythme that requires dedicated adaptation strategies.
Following these trends, the printing products are increasing their potential of applications, from customised prints, to communicant prints, towards connected prints.
ICI - Printability and Graphic Communications Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
The Institute is an integrated centre for innovation and expertise in graphic communications and printability that actively supports companies and their employees in their technological and commercial development.
ICI
999 Émile-Journault Ave East
Montreal (Québec) Canada H2M 2E2
Telephone : (514) 389-5061
Fax : (514) 389-5840
Email : information@i-ci.ca
www.icgq.qc.ca
How the Digital Transformation is going to change the world of Work 4.0 with respect to the Introduction of Industry 4.0 technology. Will Jobs reduce or we will have more jobs with higher pay. An interesting analysis.
Future of privacy - An initial perspective - Stephen Deadman, VodafoneFuture Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of privacy by Stephen Deadman, Group Privacy Officer at Vodafone. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
4 Trends Shaping the Future of Social Mediaplusaziz
I worked with the Advertising Educational Foundation & Xavier University to develop a presentation for students and academics in marketing | Presentation took place on October 9th, 2014 (a day before my 31st birthday)
Only few organizations wise up to new digital competitors, as they usually come from outside their own sector and are not taken seriously at first. Their allegedly inferior propositions confuse prominent players, who should in fact be the very first to be fully aware of potentially disruptive innovation.
To swing into action rapidly, existing organizations would be well advised to properly analyze anything resembling digital competition. Evidently, there are clear patterns behind the startup success marking a new techno-economic reality. Ecosystems, APIs, and platforms characterize this New Normal where customers have more freedom of choice and better service at lower costs.
These successful disruptors are called two-sided market players, also known as multi-sided platform players. Companies like Uber and Airbnb are getting all the media attention, however there are over 9000 players (and counting) active in almost every industry.
The new VINT report explores the new digital competition and presents:
A analysis of the success factors of disruption
10 design principles of the new digital competition like Unbundle your organization processes, APIs first. Access over ownership and Building trust with social systems
The need for every business to develop a API-strategy
An appeal to the CIO and the IT department to use a leading digital approach and map out an offensive technological route.
Understanding Impact: mySociety's year in researchmysociety
This was presented by mySociety's Head of Research, Rebecca Rumbul, at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC2016) in Barcelona on 27th April. You can find out more information about the conference here: https://www.mysociety.org/research/tictec-2016/
1. May 12, 2014
University of Milano Bicocca
URBEUR-QUASI PhD Programme
The evolution of the
Web Part II: The driving
forces
Roberto Polillo
Department of Informatics, Systems and Communications
University of Milano Bicocca
www.rpolillo.it
2. The paradox of Free
"People are making lots of money charching nothing.
Not nothing for everything, but nothing for enough
that we have essentially created an economy as big
as a good-sized country around the price of $0.00.
How did this happen and where is it going?"
Chris Anderson,
Free – The future of a radical price (2009)
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
3
3. "Lots of money?"
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
4
(born1975)
Devices,
Apps &
content
(born 1998)
Ads
(born 1975)
Software
(born 1994)
e-
commerce
( born 2004)
Ads ←main business
(but things are not so
simple…)
12 months ending
March 2014,
according to
WolframAlpha
Billion
USD
344
83
23
483
174
37
381
60
13
160
8 1,5
157
66
0
4. What we will try to do today
Understand some of the driving forces which are
shaping the economics of the Web ecosystem…
…and their impact on us
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
5
5. We will do it in 6 steps
1. One, two and multi-sided markets
2. Network esternalities
3. The new technologies adoption cycle
4. The drift to monopolies
5. Customer lock-in
6. The problem of the net neutrality
… and will discuss some important consequences
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
6
7. One-side market
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
8
Buyer
Seller
Product /
Service
$
"You pay money,
you see camel"
Anonymous
(probably from circus)
8. Two-sided market
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
9
Cliente
(tipo 1)
Cliente
(tipo 2)
Fornitore
Credit-card
companies
Venditori Titolari di carta di
credito
SubscribersAdvertisers
Media companies
Night clubs
Men Women
S
ervizio
2
S
ervizio
1
$1 $2
Not everybody
must pay with
money
9. Example
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
10
Audience "pays" with
his/her attention
Audience "pays" with
his/her attention
Large, “subsidized”
user base
Large, “subsidized”
user base
Small, profitable
customer base
Small, profitable
customer base
Product / service
, [$]
10. Example
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
11
Product / service
Google,
Facebook, …
Google,
Facebook, …
User info
Subscriber
s
Targeted
ads
Online
service
s
14. Externalities (network effects)
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
15
Buyer
Seller
Product /
Service
$
We have an externality when the value
of a product or service for its user
depends on the number of its users
Positive externality:
when I buy a product or services, I generate
a benefit to the other users
E.g.: telephone, fax, sjype, social network, …
Negative externality:
in this case I generate a damage to the
other users
E.g.: when I connect to an Internet access
point
15. Externalities (network effects)
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
16
Customer
(type 1)
Customer
(type 2)
Supplier S
ervice
2
S
ervice
1
1 2
3
4$1 $2
4 types (each can be positiva or negative)
16. Positive externalities: consequences
17
The number of subscribers of services based on networks
can grow extremely fast
When there are many subscribers, they may accept to pay
an higher price for the service
Typical example: a service is initially free to grow the user
base, then paid
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
18. New technologies adoption curve
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
19
100
%
50%
0%
S-shaped curve
("logistic function")
Innovators Early
adopters
Early
Majority
Late
Majority
Laggards
"entusiasts" "visionaries""pragmatists" "conservatives""skeptics"
Bell curve
(incremental growth:
S-curve derivative)
"chasm"
Cfr: G.A.Moore,
Inside the Tornado,
1995
Here the process
may stop
19. Example: penetration of fixed telephony in the USA
20
Wall Street crash (1929)
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
23. The drift to monopolies24
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
24. Positive feedback
If a product / service with positive externalities gains a larger market
share with respect to its competitor, it will obtain larger and larger
market shares, toward the 100% market share
25
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
W.Brian Arthur, “Increasing Returns and
Path
Dependence in the Economy”, 1994
« For whoever has
will be given more,
and they will have an
abundance. Whoever
does not have, even
what they have will
be taken from
them. »
Matthew, 25-
29
Positive feedback,
"Law of increasing
returns",
"Winner takes all"
25. Consequences
26
First mover advantage: he who gains market shares before his
competitor has a very large competitive advantage
Butterfly effect: the success of a technology may depend on
fortuitous facts which afford small advantages at the beginning,
which start an "avalanche effect" which may have nothing to do
with its technical qualities
Standard de facto: computer industry is dominated by de-facto
standards dictated by first movers (de-iure standards aften fail)
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
29. Two product categories
Non-systemic products
Can be used independently from other products
E.g.:: umbrella; Coca Cola; banana
“Law of decreasing returns”: negative feedback
Systemic products
To be used, they need other products
E.g.:
Car (needs gas stations, roads, …);
Software (needs a complex ecosystem …)
“Law of increasing returns”: positive feedback (“winner takes all”)
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
30
33. The problem of the net neutrality34
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
34. What is “Net Neutrality” (NN)
It is the principle by which all data get carried with the
criterium of "best effort”
I.e. data are all treated equally, and the network does not
discriminate on the basis of their origin or destination, of
their content, and the platform used
It is (more or less) the basic Internet design principle
This principle is now strongly debated
R.Polillo - Marzo 2014
35
35. Internet protocol hierarchy
R.Polillo - Marzo 2014
36
HOST HOSTROUTER ROUTER
Applicazione
Trasporto
Internet
Network
Internet
Network
Internet
Network
Applicazione
Trasporto
Internet
Network
The transport network is
“stupid”
Here all the application
intelligence
36. "Net neutrality means an Internet that enables and
protect free speech. It means that Internet service
providers should provide us with open networks –
and should not touch any apps or content that ride
over those networks."
www.savetheinternet.com
R.Polillo - Marzo 2014
37
37. ISP positions
Bandwidth requirements are continuously growing
→ the infrastructure must grow
This entails large investments by ISPs, but now the big
money goes only to the CSPs (content service providers)
→ we need new pricing mechanims to remunerate these
investments
→ we need to be free to explore new business models
→ avoid restrictive rules, let the free market get its
equilibrium
R.Polillo - Marzo 2014
38
38. ISP: some possibilities to increase revenues
CSP tiering:
Commercial agreements between ISP andCSP to
prioritize their traffic
User tiering:
"Walled gardens"
Paid “Quality of Service” on specific services
R.Polillo - Marzo 2014
39
40. The risks
CSP tiering:
Traffic from competitor CSP is degraded →
major CSPs monopoly
Startups are left out
User tiering:
Low quality for non paying users
Walled gardens: access to information and expression is
limited
In both cases: large ISP have a large influencing power on
our access to information and possibility of expression
R.Polillo - Marzo 2014
41
42. R.Polillo - Marzo 2014
43
"Allowing broadband carriers to control
what people see and do online would
fundamentally undermine the principles
that have made the Internet such a
success"
Vint Cerf
45. The two sides of the net - 1
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
46
Free services
The end of the privacy”
We stop paying in cash, but in information about ourselves
The citizen as a consumer
46. The two sides of the net - 2
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
47
Every information
at our fingertips
…. but unreliable”
“The distinction between trained experts and uninformed amateurs
becomes dangerously blurred, truth becomes a commodity to be bought,
sold, packaged and reinvented “ (A.Keen)
47. The two sides of the net - 3
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
48
Individualized
assistance
The “filter bubble””
The variety of information is reduced by filtering algorithms,
which filter away what we and our social network do not "like”
“Imagine a world where you never discover new ideas” (E.Parisier)
48. The two sides of the net - 4
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
49
Freedom of
expression
Ease of control”
Our opinions can be easily monitored
E.g. E.Snowden case
49. The two sides of the net - 5
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
50
Augmented
socialization
Social interaction overload
300 ml photos shared daily on Facebook
The “dictatorship” of notification systems
”
50. The two sides of the net - 6
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
51
Powerful
cognitive
augmentation
Unknown cognitive reshaping ”
“Is Google making us stupid?” (N.Carr)
51. The two sides of the net - 7
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
52
The quality
of access
The end of the “net neutrality””
What we access online is regulated and filtered
by complex, multi-sided market agreements
52. The two sides of the net - 8
R.Polillo - Maggio 2014
53
The rapid growth
of technological
innovation
Job loss
“The effect of today’s technology on tomorrow’s jobs will be immense
– and no country is ready for it” (The Economist, Jan 2014)
La distinzione fra prodotti “stand-alone” e prodotti “sistemici” è di Alvin Toffler
L’esempio è tratto dal libro di Brian Arthur e Kenneth Arrow, Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy.
Rappresenta l’orologio della cattedrale di Firenze, disegnato da Paolo Uccello.
Presenta un quadrante di 24 ore in senso antiorario.