Student Sandeep Sohal prepared a document on unemployment in the UK for his Advanced Communication Skills class with tutor Heather Vail. The document defines unemployment and discusses its history in the UK since the 1950s, including rising rates in recent years. It also examines types of unemployment, factors that cause unemployment, and recommendations for addressing it.
The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
These slides are from our January 2014 revision workshops for unit 3 microeconomics. They focus on some of the arguments surrounding the possible introduction of a £7 per hour national minimum wage in the UK
Recent Specifications in Labor Unemployment in Sri LankaSanath Dasanayaka
mainly, this report examines on the current labor unemployment situation in Sri Lanka, reasons for labor unemployment, the government of Sri Lanka's actions for reducing unemployment and suggestions for bringing unemployment down in detail.
The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
These slides are from our January 2014 revision workshops for unit 3 microeconomics. They focus on some of the arguments surrounding the possible introduction of a £7 per hour national minimum wage in the UK
Recent Specifications in Labor Unemployment in Sri LankaSanath Dasanayaka
mainly, this report examines on the current labor unemployment situation in Sri Lanka, reasons for labor unemployment, the government of Sri Lanka's actions for reducing unemployment and suggestions for bringing unemployment down in detail.
An introductory revision presentation here which guides business students through the topic of inflation. The measurement and causes of inflation are outlined together with notes on the potential impact of inflation on business.
AS Macro - Unemployment and the Labour Markettutor2u
Unemployment is one of the major macro-economic
performance indicators. The more unemployed people
in our economy the more we are producing below our
potential, less income is earned (reducing saving,
consumption and tax revenue) and there is a negative
impact on the welfare of society.
Managing Employee Moonlighting in the Future of Work and Era of the gig EconomyOlayiwola Oladapo
Across the Globe the phenomenon of moonlighting is on the rise. Though an ancient practice, the emergence of the gig economy has brought moonlighting to the front burner of global development discourse. Moonlighting is known by different labels like Side Hustle, Private Practice, Side-gig, Side-hustle etc.But regardless of what name it is called it speaks to people doing more than one job for different reasons. In other words, they freelance on a secondary job, in addition to their primary job. In the US, the freelance workforce grew from 53 million in 2014 to 55 million in 2016 and represented 35% of the U.S. workforce. The freelance workforce earned an estimated $1 trillion in that year. The freelance or gig economy is a booming one across the globe though many nation states are actively not tracking data around it. There is therefore an urgent need for an understanding of the emerging moonlighting dynamics and deliberately articulated framework for dealing with moonlighting in the future of work. This piece attempts at triggering the conversation around it to guide all key stakeholders in building management proficiency in dealing with it as an inevitable feature of the Future of Work, the Workplace and the Workforce.
In this comprehensive chapter on unemployment, we embark on an explorative journey into the intricate dynamics of joblessness, aiming to dissect its multifaceted nature and illuminate pathways towards meaningful solutions.
We commence our inquiry by delineating the diverse manifestations of unemployment, discerning between frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Each form bears its distinct characteristics and implications, necessitating nuanced approaches for effective intervention.
Delving deeper, we unravel the underlying drivers of unemployment, which encompass a constellation of factors spanning technological innovation, globalization, mismatched skills, and economic fluctuations. Understanding these root causes is pivotal for devising targeted strategies that address the systemic barriers to employment.
Furthermore, we scrutinize the reverberating ripple effects of unemployment across individuals, families, and communities. From financial insecurity and diminished well-being to social disintegration and diminished human capital, the repercussions of joblessness permeate every facet of society, underscoring the urgency of concerted action.
Turning our gaze towards potential remedies, we embark on a quest to unearth pathways towards inclusive prosperity. We advocate for investments in education and skills development, fostering a dynamic workforce equipped to thrive in an ever-evolving labor market. Additionally, we champion the imperative of proactive labor market policies, including job creation initiatives, wage subsidies, and retraining programs tailored to the needs of vulnerable populations.
Moreover, we spotlight the catalytic role of entrepreneurship and innovation in engendering job growth and economic resilience. By cultivating an ecosystem conducive to enterprise, we nurture the seeds of innovation and empower individuals to chart their own pathways to prosperity.
Yet, our quest for solutions extends beyond policy prescriptions to encompass a broader ethos of social solidarity and collective responsibility. We underscore the imperative of forging partnerships across sectors, harnessing the collective ingenuity of government, business, civil society, and academia to forge a more equitable and inclusive future.
In sum, this chapter serves as a testament to the complexities of unemployment and the imperative of collective action. By embracing a holistic approach that addresses the structural roots of joblessness while fostering individual empowerment, we can aspire towards a future where every individual has the opportunity to realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to society.
Unemployment Problem & Solutions : Bangladesh Tourism ProspectFazlea Allahie
Unemployment Problem & Solutions: Bangladesh Tourism Prospect
If you want this copy of the document please contact send an email to the following id: fazleaallahie@gmail.com
PLEASE REWORD THESE PARAGRAPHS IN YOUR OWN WORDS. PLEASE DO NOT US.docxLeilaniPoolsy
PLEASE REWORD THESE PARAGRAPHS IN YOUR OWN WORDS. PLEASE DO NOT USE THE SAME WORDS AS IN THE PARAGRAPHS. THANKS.
· 1-According to Lisa Huddlestun, "Macroeconomics is the study of behaviors and activities of the economy as a whole, looks at such areas as the Federal Reserve System, unemployment, gross domestic product (GDP), and business cycles" (Huddlestun 2015.) The Federal Reserve System's most important attribute is the regulation of the supply of money in circulation. This is important to the economy because it influences interest rates, money available for loans, and the overall price level of the economy. Unemployment could mean a loss of income for individuals and lost production for the economy. There are three type of unemployment; frictional unemployment, cyclical unemployment, and structural unemployment. Frictional includes people that have quit their jobs or have been fired causing them to be unemployed. Cyclical is related to the economy, such as being laid off during a recession. Structural unemployment is when someone hasn't been hired because they do not have the required skills or do not live in a high employment area. The gross domestic product (GDP) is determined by total economic spending. Economic spending includes consumer, business, and government spending. Lisa states, GDP is "the market value of all final products produced in a year's time" (Huddlestun 2015.) Economic performance is measured by GDP. An increase in GDP means the economy is growing. GDP also determines if there will be inflation or not. Policy makers look at past and present GDP to formulate policies to help economic growth. If we have economic growth then we could have an increase in production of goods and services. Microeconomics according to Lisa is, "the individual components of the economy, such as costs of production, maximizing profits, and the different market structures" (Huddlestun 2015.) Businesses are the suppliers of goods and services the individual wants. Most businesses want to make a profit, or maximize their profits. The level of output must be determined to help result in the greatest profit. Cost of production has a huge part in this. There are two types of cost production; variable and fixed costs. Fixed costs are costs that do not vary with the level of output, for example a rent payment. Variable costs are cost that change with level of output, like wages and raw material.
· 2-This was a great video for the theory of supply and demand. I was able to relate particularly about the housing market as someone who was a real estate investor in 2005. It was a real experience of supply and demand. Briefly in video, the breakdown of three concepts are covered supply curve, demand curve, and equilibrium. The supply curve is an illustration for supply and price relationship. When prices go up, supplies increase as well and vice versa. The demand curve is an illustration for demand and price relationship. When prices go up, dem.
unemployment in spain, causes and remedies .pptxMgirehBryan
Spain is faced with high unemployment rates since the 1980s. the country consistently ranks among the highest within the European Union with unemployment rate of 11.6% in the third quarter of 2023, which translates up to 2.77 million individuals , according to Statista. the uemployment rate average of the EU is 6.4%. The World bank indicates that the youth unemployment rate is at a concerning 27%. unemployment rates for individuals under 25 years old were above 50% in 2012, 2013, and 2014 but there has been significant decreases in this rates since 2017 where it was determined to be at around 35% (Verd et al., 2019). This prolonged period of elevated youth unemployment has had profound socio-economic repercussions, affecting not only the individuals directly impacted but also the broader economy and society as a whole.
socio-demographic characteristics and career trajectories contributes to this high unemployment rates in spain.
ECO 2302, Principles of Macroeconomics 1 Course Le.docxrobert345678
ECO 2302, Principles of Macroeconomics 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
4. Discuss the effects of unemployment and inflation on the economy.
4.1 Describe what the unemployment rate measures and the four types of unemployment.
4.2 Define inflation and the sources of inflation.
4.3 Describe how to measure labor productivity and why it is important.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
4.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 7
Article: “Why the Unemployment Rate Still Matters”
Unit IV PowerPoint Presentation
4.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 7
Article: “Price & Inflation”
Unit IV PowerPoint Presentation
4.3
Unit Lesson
Chapter 8
Article: “Understanding the Labor Productivity and Compensation Gap”
Article: “What Can Labor Productivity Tell Us About the U.S. Economy?”
Unit IV PowerPoint Presentation
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 7: Unemployment and Inflation
Chapter 8: Productivity and Growth
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2018, September 6). Prices & inflation.
https://www.bea.gov/resources/learning-center/what-to-know-prices-inflation
Brill, M., Holman, C., Morris, C., Raichoudhary, R., & Yosif, N. (2017, June). Understanding the labor
productivity and compensation gap. Beyond the Numbers, 6(6). https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-
6/understanding-the-labor-productivity-and-compensation-gap.htm
Sprague, S. (2014, June). What can labor productivity tell us about the U.S. economy? Beyond the Numbers,
3(12). https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/what-can-labor-productivity-tell-us-about-the-us-
economy.htm
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017, January 25). Why the unemployment rate still matters.
https://blogs.bls.gov/blog/2017/01/25/why-the-unemployment-rate-still-matters/
UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE
Unemployment and Inflation
https://www.bea.gov/resources/learning-center/what-to-know-prices-inflation
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-6/understanding-the-labor-productivity-and-compensation-gap.htm
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-6/understanding-the-labor-productivity-and-compensation-gap.htm
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/what-can-labor-productivity-tell-us-about-the-us-economy.htm
https://blogs.bls.gov/blog/2017/01/25/why-the-unemployment-rate-still-matters/
ECO 2302, Principles of Macroeconomics 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Unit Lesson
As we begin Unit IV, we continue our look at the overall economy and build on the knowledge we have gained
in the first three units of the course. In this unit, we will be addressing the topics of unemployment, inflation,
and labor productivity. Each of these topics is addressed below.
Unemployment
It is doubtful that any adult is unfamiliar with the word unemployment. We hear this word on the news, read it
in newspapers, and hear it while we are shopping—it seems to be everywhere.
3. 3 Introduction
Unemployment is an economic indicator that refers to the
number or proportion of pe0ple in an economy who are
willing and able to work, but are unable to get a job; a
person in this situation is said to be unemployed. People
who are not willing or able to work, for whatever reason,
are “economically inactive” and do not count towards
unemployment figures
High levels of unemployment are usually of a typical of a
struggling economy, where labour supply is outstripping
demand from employers. When economy has high
unemployment, it is not using its economic resources in
the best possible way
4. 4 Types of Unemployment
Economics distinguish a number of types of unemployment
• Cyclical unemployment is brought about by the vagaries of
the business cycle
• Structural unemployment is brought about by changes in
the economy or the labour market, when the jobs available
do not fit the workforce’s skills
• Frictional unemployment is the phenomenon of people
being “between jobs”
• Seasonal unemployment is linked to certain types of
seasonal jobs, such as farm work and construction
5. 5 History
The history of unemployment in the UK is central to both the
economic and social history of the country.
The 1950s and 1960s saw a very rate of unemployment (around 3 per
cent on average) as result of the ‘post war boom”. Serviceman during
the second world war had been promised full employment after victory,
and no government of the period was prepared to break this pledge.
Technological advance , a stable international trade environment, the
success of Keynesian economics and the stability of the Phillips Curve
(which postulated a relationship between high inflation and high
unemployment) created a situation which did approach full
employment – although of course, at the time the majority of women
remained in the category of the “ economically inactive”.
Unemployment continued to rise and official figures published in
October 2011 showed that for the June to August quarter, 2.57 million
people were unemployed – the highest since 1994.
6. 6 Background
The trend of rising unemployment continued through the last
quarter of 2011 and the beginning of 2012, but there were
increasing signs of stabilisation in the labour market and by
March 2012, although unemployment showed a rise of 28,000
compared to the previous quarter, this was 5,000 below the
headline figure of the previous month.
The figures published in April 2012 showed the continuing rise in
employment was coupled with a fall in unemployment of 35,000
on the quarter, to 2.65 million. This is dispute the fact there were
more people in the labour market, with a fall in inactivity of
25,000.
Employment Minister, Chris Grayling, said that whilst any fall in
unemployment was very welcome , he remained “cautious” about
the next few months in light of the continuing economic
challenges.
7. 7 Controversies
Throughout history , policy- makers have from time to time taken the
view that the macroeconomic benefits of high unemployment
outweigh its economic and social costs . This was the case during the
early 1980s. Most of that time, however, governments are unwilling to
permit high unemployment , due to demonstrated social effects, the
economic underperformance it reflects and the public cost in terms of
benefit payments it demands. Nevertheless, as an aggregate figure the “
headline” unemployment figure and rate can only tell part of the story.
Structural differences between the regions of the UK have often meant
that a nationwide figure masks considerably higher than in the
prosperous South East and London. Even within regions, there are
local pockets of high unemployment . Many towns remain dominated
by a small number of large employers: when a locally significant
business closes, such as the mines during the 1980s or Rover’s Long
bridge plant in Birmingham more recently, the effect can be
devastating
8. 8 Parties
At present , there are two principal measures of
unemployment used by the Government :the
International Labour Organisation(ILO) measure ( the
UK’s version being known as the Labour force Survey
or LFS unemployment); and the Claimant Count . The
former is based on a survey of 57,000 households, and
classifies participants as employed, unemployed or
economically inactive on the basis of work done in the
previous work. The letter is based on the numbers
claiming unemployment related benefits.
9. 9 Causes
Unemployment is cause by many factors in a modern
market economy. It can be caused by rapid technological
change, business cycle or recessions , seasonal factors in
some industries particularly such as changes n tastes and
climatic conditions which affects demand for certain
products and services, individual perceptions and
willingness to work and search for jobs, their values and
attitudes towards some jobs and about employers,
accessibility for retraining and acquisition of work skills,
willingness and perception of unemployed of the benefits
of training and the possibility for them to get a job after the
training even though they have a chance to get a job,
discrimination in the workplace based on race , colour,
religion, ethnicity, age and class
10. 10 Conflict causes
Unemployment in a particular period can be
combination of caused by social factors and how the
economy as a whole works and also due to the
subjective individual factors. In a sociological point of
view according to functionalist and conflict theorists
the unemployment is caused primarily by the social
factors than by the individual factors. Individuals
construct their own social constructs and perception
and they can be subjective in their behavior and
therefore can become unemployed even though the
actual condition they can get a job in the job market.
11. 11 Recommendation
This complete lack of common sense seems to stem from
overly rigid processes that presume everyone should be,
and will be, working in the same pattern. I suggest that the
real solution to this has to be people focused. Stop tying up
Jobcentre Plus staff and job seekers in reams of paperwork.
Free up staff to use their own common sense, their own
local knowledge of work and , crucially, their own
judgement in each individual case. The country needs
temps, and temping can be a fantastic choice – be it a way
to get back into work after children , or after a period of
unemployment. But , as it stands , we are squandering the
talents of part of our workforce because bureaucracy does
not allow for creativity or flexibility.