Underwater town

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Content
1. Introduction
2. A City or Town
3. Investigation & Data collection : Ancient city or
town
4. Investigation & Data collection : Present city or
town
5 .Investigation & Data collection : Future city or town
6. Investigation & Data collection : Underwater city or
town
7. The new “X” City or Town / The new name
8. Conclusion
9. References List

Introduction
Project is about investigation of town including ancient , present and
future towns. We were asked to imagine ourselves as mayors of a
dying and no longer liveable town and is required to propose a new
improved town layout which improves the people’s living
environment and also a sustainable town for the future. As a group,
we agreed on a whole new setting for our town, which is a
underwater town.
In the project, we must design a new town which is more suitable for
human living to achieve a better city or town. The study elements
include past, present, future towns and how made a town become
more comfortable, perfect and flawless.
These projects is helps the students to more understand the element
of the natural built and environment and improve their knowledge of
natural and built environment.
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The Town
The town definition
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than
a city. The size definition for what constitutes a "town" varies
considerably in different parts of the world.
What is the brief history?
A town is not just an overgrown village, it have its own story,
economy and culture. All towns display various degrees of
forethought and conscious design in their layout and functioning. At
the beginning, humans built city beside a river which is more
convenient to them and the cities change day by day.

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What makes a town?
A town is made up of a certain amount of population, government
area, educational area, residential area, religion and culture, public
services and supported by law and facilities.
What makes a good town / township?
To form a good town it must to be self-sufficient. This means it have
full of all the human needs.
A better town should include:
-Organized zoning
-Stable politics & economy
-Complete and proper planning of infrastructure
-A few landmark
-Less pollution
-Complete facilities and infrastructure
-Good government
-Free trade zone
-Excellent technology
-Provide good education & medical centre

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What is a future town?
A future town is basically a high-tech, sustainable town socially and
environmentally. A future town aims to reduce all the negative
elements and achieve to be perfection. Let the resident be more
comfortable and have a high living standard.

Investigation & Data collection:
Ancient City
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Pompeii
Pompeii happened to be in the mainstream of much of ancient
Roman architectural innovation which seems to have been occurring
in the Campania region around the 2th and 1st century BC: roughly in
correspondence with Pompeii’s annexation as Roman colony. This
activity was the result of the economic opportunity and changing
social needs brought by Rome, combined with the technological and
building skills readily available in Campania. Whilst Pompeii itself
unlikely to have been the hotbed of architectural innovation it is
many way fortunate that the city has enabled us to witness the
architecture of a site which had for a period been situated in a region
where architecture was at its most innovate.

One of the fundamental factors influencing Pompeian
architecture is the subsequent influences of different cultures,
starting with the Samnites, followed by the Etruscans, Greek colonies
and finally Romans.
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Romans amphitheatres
It was large, circular or oval open-air venues with raised seating. It
was built by the Ancient Romans. They were used for events such
as gladiator combats, chariot races, venationes (animal slayings) and
executions. The amphitheatre of Pompeii is the earliest Roman’s
amphitheatre which built by stone; previously, they had been build
by wood. The amphitheatre could seat about 20,000 people and
served not only Pompeii but also the inhabitants of surrounding
cities.

The earlier Samnite-Etuscan city was the Western part of Pompeii
with the Forum, main temples and public buildings. A more organic
approach to urban development is plainly visible.
The rigorous grid structure of Greek cities is most evident in the
Eastern part of the city, near the amphitheatre with boulevard-like
parallel streets connected by smaller cross streets creating
rectangular blocks of buildings.
By the way, I will use the concept of having an amphitheatre in my
city to increase the connectivity amongst the town and a mix of
square and organic grids will be used when planning the new city for
a more organized city.
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Babylon
Originally a minor administrative center, it only became an
independent city-state in 1894 BC in the hands of a migrant
Amoritedynasty not native to ancient Mesopotamia. The Babylonians
were more often ruled by other foreign migrant dynasties
throughout their history, such as by the Kassites, Arameans,
Elamites and Chaldeans, as well as by their fellow Mesopotamians,
the Assyrians.
The remains of the city are in present-day Hillah, Babil
Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometres (53 mi) south of Baghdad,
comprising a large tell of broken mud-brick buildings and debris in
the fertile Mesopotamian plain between the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers. The city itself was built upon the Euphrates, and divided in
equal parts along its left and right banks, with steep embankments to
contain the river's seasonal floods.

In 331 BC, Darius III, the last Achaemenid king of the Persian Empire
was defeated by the forces of the Ancient Macedonian Greek ruler
Alexander the Great at the Battle of Gaugamela, and in October,
Babylon fell to the young conqueror. A native account of this
invasion notes a ruling by Alexander not to enter the homes of its
inhabitants. Under Alexander Babylon again flourished as a centre of
learning and commerce.
By the way, I could study the elements of it and formed a new city
like Babylon which good in educational and financial basic, provide a
high life-living for my resident and be a prosperity and splendour city.
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Present City
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Olso
Oslo is the capital of Norway and most populous city in Norway. Oslo
constitutes a county and a municipality. Founded around 1000 AD,
and established a "kaupstad" or trading place in 1048 by King Harald
III, the city was elevated to abishopric in 1070 and a capital
under Haakon V around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark
from 1397 to 1523 and again from1536 to 1814 and with Sweden
from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a
fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Castle during the
reign of King Christian IV and renamed Christiania in his honour. It
was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. Following a
spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, when
its original Norwegian name was restored.

Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city
is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is
an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in
Europe. Oslo is considered a global city and ranked "Beta World City"
in studies performed by the Globalization and World Cities Study
Group and Network in 2008.[4] It was ranked number one in terms of
quality of life among European large cities in the European Cities of
the Future 2012 report by fDi magazine.[5] A survey conducted by
ECA International in 2011 placed Oslo as the second most expensive
city in the world for living expenses after Tokyo.[6] In 2013 Oslo tied
with the Australian city of Melbourne as the fourth most expensive
city in the world, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)'s
Worldwide Cost of Living study.
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As of January 2014 the city of Oslo has a population of 634,000.
The Metropolitan area of Oslo has a population of 1,502,604, of
whom 951,581 live in the contiguous conurbation. The population
currently increases at record rates, making it the fastest growing
major city in Europe. This growth stems for the most part from
international immigration and related high birth rates, but also from
intra-national migration. The immigrant population in the city is
growing somewhat faster than the Norwegianpopulation, and in the
city proper this is now more than 25% of the total.
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The Ski Jump Tower
The new ski jump, which was designed by JDS Architects, boasts
world-class engineering and was tailor-made for athletes. From the
ski jump tower, 60 meters above the ground and 417 meters above
the sea level, one can experience a breathtaking view of Oslo and the
fjord below.
Features include permanent wind protection, ice track machine and
improved snow production facilities, as well as an upgraded light and
sound system. New judges grandstand, new royal grandstand and
improved facilities for the public and the press complete the picture.

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The Ski Museum
Located inside the base of the Holmenkollen Ski Jump tower, the Ski
Museumpresents the history of skiing over the past 4,000 years, as
well as the expeditions of Norwegian polar explorers Fridtj of Nansen
and Roald Amundsen.
Here you will also get some historic glimpses from the Winter
Olympics in Lillehammer in 1994 and Oslo in 1952. The Ski Museum
is the oldest museum of its kind in the world and it was opened in
1923.
By the way, I could study the cityscape of Oslo, an extensive metro-system
a new financial district and a cultural city. Such as the Ski
Jump Tower which is a landmark, it was an amazing design, it

attracted tourists to visit the place to increase the popularity and
somewhere also increase the financial setting.
Tokyo
Tokyo Metropolis is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is
the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and
the most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of
the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of
the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the
southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes theIzu
Islands and Ogasawara Islands.[8] Tokyo Metropolis was formed in
1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture the city of
Tokyo.
Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo, in what was
formerly part of the oldMusashi Province. Edo was first fortified by
the Edo clan, in the late twelfth century. In 1457,Ōta Dōkan built Edo
Castle. In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu made Edo his base and when he
becameshogun in 1603, the town became the center of his
nationwide military government. During the subsequent Edo period,
Edo grew into one of the largest cities in the world with a population
topping one million by the 18th century. Tokyo became the de
facto capital of Japan even while the emperor lived in Kyoto, the
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imperial capital. After about 263 years, the shogunate was
overthrown under the banner of restoring imperial rule.
Tokyo, as the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, is Japan's largest
domestic and international hub for rail, ground, and air
transportation. Public transportation within Tokyo is dominated by
an extensive network of clean and efficient[71] trains and subways run
by a variety of operators, with buses, monorails and trams playing a
secondary feeder role. Various islands governed by Tokyo have their
own airport. Hachijojima Airport, Miyakejima Airport and Oshima
Airport have services to Tokyo International and other airports. Rail
is the primary mode of transportation in Tokyo, which has the most
extensive urban railway network in the world and an equally
extensive network of surface lines. JR East operates Tokyo's largest
railway network, including the Yamanote Line loop that circles the
center of downtown Tokyo. The metropolitan government and
private carriers operate bus routes and one tram route. Local,
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regional, and national services are available, with major terminals at
the giant railroad stations, including Tokyo, Shinagawa, and Shinjuku.
By the way, I could study the transportation system of Tokyo. The
built of rail, ground, and air transportation was so important for a
city. It bring a convenience to the resident, residents can reached a
place with a short time and can go everywhere which they wanted to
go. The situation that cannot arrived the place when they need to go
because the lack of sound transport will not occur all the times.
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Future City
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Ocean city
While some pieces of conceptual architecture guide out imagine
toward distant planets, others plunge us into the depths of the ocean.
These underwater cities concepts, dreamed up by illustrators,
architects, and designers, imagine the sorts of structures we might
inhabit beneath the watery surfaces. A collection of specialised
organisms function as a whole, with some pods being industrial,
energy, or food producers. Forty years from now, Australia, as well as
the rest of the world, could look dramatically different, possibly even
underwater, like this ‘Ocean City’ the proposed underwater city,
results when land begins to disappear and the value of what remains
sky-rockets, and people are unable to afford living on land. Syph
evolves into a collection of organisms with specialized functions like
energy generation and sustainable food production that work

together to form a new underwater city. Ocean City is just one of
many designs in a competition to design Australia’s future.
The Gyre, a floating underwater skyscraper
This design imagines an inverted skyscraper, diving down to a depth
of 400m with a total floor area of 2.28 million sq ft (212,000 sq m).
Its four wings are big enough to accomodate the world's biggest
ships. Designed by the British Columbia. It will offer space for work
and entertainment. Guests will benefit from comfortable rooms,
shops, and restaurants while scientists will have enough working
space to study the ocean. In addition, the Gyre will have gardens and
various recreation areas. The Gyre will harness wave, wind and solar
energy. It will make use of a series of vertical axis wind turbines,
windows featuring glass printed array of solar cells and underwater
nacelles that will play two roles, that of thrusters for propulsion and
tidal generators.The Gyre will also harness freshwater. It will feature
mechanical systems along with emergency basins with freshwater.
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Lady Landfill
The Lady Landfill was designed by three Serbian architects, Milorad
Vidojevic, Jelena Pucarevic and Milica Pihler for the eVolo 2011
Skyscraper Competition. The giant skyscraper would collect and
recycle the waste of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch into an energy
source. Floating islands that will be used to remove and recycle the
garbage patch. These are self-sustained structures organized by
function hierarchy with four communication cores that connect
three main programs which is collectors at the bottom, recycling
plant in the middle levels, and housing and recreational levels atop.
Considering that the size of the floating garbage island is constantly
varying, the structural organization of the skyscraper should reflect
these variations. The main hole in the structure would adjust the
mass of the underwater skyscraper while keeping the volume
constant. Fluctuations in the amount of trash in the landfill (located
in the lower part of the structure) would be adjusted by adding or
releasing water, so that the weight to volume ratio is appropriate

for floatation. Because most of the molecules found in the garbage
have high energy, the waste will be heated in the recycling chamber
and converted into a gas that will be stored in massive battery.
Underwater Skyscraper 7
Water is one of the most basic human needs. A view of our planet
from space shows 70.9 % of earths’ surface is covered by oceans. We
perceive oceans as the border of the land, urbanization and human
activity. So, these buildings are designed to be oceanic research
stations and underwater cities for about 6000 people. They would
also contain a vast number of additional facilities such as cinemas,
fitness clubs, recreation spaces and a hospital. Underwater
skyscraper 7, a building form related to boats and oil platforms.
People started to examine a fishing float because of it unique
floating capacities and the almost equal relationship to the
underwater world and the sky. Designed by the Eindhoven-based
Dutch De Bever Architecten BNA.
By the way, I could study the structure and function of the
building and how do the building bring advantages to the people of
this Ocean city. I think I could apply the buildings which have such
function to benefit my resident and made my city to become more
suitable to my people to live inside. Thus, the buildings can made my
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city become more perfect and comfortable which is linked to the
future condition and provide a permanent and excellent living places
to my resident.
The New “X” Town / The New
Name :
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PARAISO
From all the gathered about the past, present and future towns，I
learnt that to live in the earth, we need to adapt to the environment
and every changes on it. I wanted to create a town which is a high-technology,
pollution-free and convenience to my residents.
PARAISO; meaning the paradise. The name of the town is also
represented the lifestyle of the resident who live in it which is
convenience, enjoyable, comfortable and happiness. The aim of the
new town is to provide a high-technology, pollution-free, safer and

convenience place to my residents. Paraiso provide a beautiful
landscape, complete infrastructure, pollution-free, green home and
high-technology. The other aim is nowadays the population of
humans increased greatly, the huge amount of immigrants have
deprived the privileges of the fellow Malaysians that previously lived
with ease, peace and space. Green spaces and forests are destroyed
to build new buildings for extra load of inhabitants. So that, the
Paraiso can be build to share responsibility which enough the
immigrants to live in and can maintain the mother earth in good
condition.
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The important characteristic and
elements in PARAISO
A town cannot stand alone without any characteristics or elements to
support it. As such, the town Paraiso contains several characteristics
and elements that helped build the town into what it is.
Characteristics of town：
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1. Fixed transit routes
A new personal rapid transit network. It helps to guide
development and keep the streets busy. It is also easy to get
around on foot because everything is closer together.
2. Bicycle friendly town
Multistory automatic bicycle parking stations are located
around. Special carriages on trams are planned for cyclists to
board with their bicycle. Bicycle lanes are paved and away from
other vehicle lanes to ensure the safety of cyclists.
3. Green spaces and public spaces
There are many green spaces can be found in town to calm the
mood and can be used as community park for citizens. Resident
can gather the public spaces to increase the relationship
between each other.

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4. Mixed use neighbourhood
By intermingling commercial, residential and civil functions in
the same neighbourhoods, can reduce dependence on
automotive transport since the facilities are always close at
hand. This means denser development is possible and more tax
money collected for more amenities and social programs.
5. Hierarchy in town planning
The buildings in Paraiso is arranged according to its role of
importance where the buildings that portray themselves as of
higher importance are arranged in the centre of the town while
the lesser importance are arranged further away from the town.
6. Green town
As Paraiso is working its way towards a greener town, most of
the town grounds are covered with lots of green, be it ground
covers or shrubs.
7. Protection and reflection glass
The glass play a important roles in Paraiso which is a hard and
transparent glass cover the whole town. It protect the town by
blocking the unknown substances or dangerous benthos entry
the town. It is also absorb and reflect the sunlight into the town
to ensure the living of plants.
8. Sustainability
The greatly implemented eco-friendly facilities are to ensure
the development of town. Made sure that the town can be

prolonger and not be destroy in the future which cause by the
lack of resources.
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9. Liberty
Paraiso provides places for relaxation and socialism to comfort
the residence such as community areas and recreational areas.
When residents face to those areas, they will not feel
oppressive.
10. Fully-fill the needs of residents
All facilities and demand that need by residents are provided in
Paraiso such as settlements, healthcare, security and many
other else.
11. Air dredge pipe
The air dredge pipe which attach to the three main landmark,
Gaint Lift transfer the air into the town to support breathing of
human.
12. Water transportation system
The good water transportation system provides a convenience
to the resident. The clean water can be easy to get for daily life.

Important elements of town:
 Resident – houses, apartments
 Water and electricity
 Health services – hospitals, clinics
 Education – school, college, university
 Transportation – bicycle, MRT, pod car, electrical vehicle,
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submarine
 Security – Protective glass, police station
 Government buildings
 Business and commercial – shopping mall, shops
 Religious and cultures – temples, churches, mosques,
museums
 Recreational areas – urban parks, streetscapes, plazas,
playground
 Port and shipping
 Hospitality and tourism – Fun park, Hotels, resorts
 Industry – agriculture, fishery, food processing
 Land mark – Giant lift, access
 Why I arranged or planed such way?
 As you can see I located all Residential Area beside along
both of the seaside this is because I want my resident to
enjoy the view of the sea after they came back from their
work, school or university to release their stress.

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Zoning
Why I arranged or planed such way?
 As you can see I located all Residential Area beside along
both of the seaside this is because I want my resident to
enjoy the view of the sea after they came back from their
work, school or university to release their stress.
 The reason I put business a area in the middle park
because when the resident want to carry business

activities they can gather together and be fair to the
residents who live in both side of town.
 Hospital and Police station, this two important buildings
which I located in both part of my town. The reason is to
reduce the time travel of ambulance to destination and
residents who have real emergency.
 Education as you can see it located in both side which
have primary school, secondary school and university are
to provide my residents good education and ensure them
have well knowledge.
 For the government area why I put in the middle is
because since the government control everything, so they
must be in the middle. So that, government can survey
everywhere and convenience to the resident when they
want to settle the personal documents.
 For the transportation, my town have four types of
vehicles at the land. So the lane of each transport my my
town are organised completely. Through this facts, my
residents can be more convenience and take a short time
to arrive the destination.
 My plan is a symmetrical plan. The road of it do not have
dead end road. Beside of dead end road, circulation of my
road is in symmetrical so that the residents of my town
can travel anywhere they want without worry of losing
direction.
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Traffic circulation
My plan is a symmetrical plan. The road of it do not have dead end
road. Beside of dead end road, circulation of my road is in
symmetrical so that the residents of my town can travel anywhere
they want without worry of losing direction.

Transportation system
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Pod car

The pod is a personal rapid transit network based on human-Support
piles are also in galvanized steel. Pods are covered with transparent
glass with ventilation holes. Front and rear long dampers limit the
impact acceleration in case of pods to build the pod trains which
could significantly improve overall aerodynamic efficiency.
MRT
A new technology, which evolve from LRT, it become more faster,
safer and pollution-free. It using solar energy which is renewable and
clean energy to operate it which also can save a lot of fuel cost.MRT
using advance AI System, everything is automatically and bring us
much more convenience.
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Bicycle

Cycling is the most favourable way transport in the town. It provides
a healthier lifestyle to the citizen. It also wont cause any pollution to
the environment with the advance of technology, the future bicycle
is more faster and can be auto-cycling when u turn on the engine.
Electrical vehicle
Every family in the town have vehicles for more easier to travel to the
destination. The electrical vehicles are more convenience and it also
can cut off the using of petrol which is not environmental and cause
pollution. Besides can save the cost of petrol, the new technological
of electrical vehicles are also faster and it can control automatically.
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Submarine

Submarine used to transport in the sea which is the most suitable
vehicle to the resident that live in Paraiso, the underwater city. It can
lost the trouble that people cannot travel to another place which is
under the sea and also let residents travel to the land.
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Water piping system

The water that use in Paraiso is form the sea. We filter the sea water
into a clean and fresh water which can be drink and use in daily life.
The water can be supply to whole town. The residents of Paraiso
didn’t have to worry about the lacking of water.
Sustainable approaches to make Paraiso a
better town
 Straddling bus system – The bus will run according the fixed
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route.
 Plentiful parks – Plants regular the air of the town.
 Improving energy efficiency – Electrical vehicles and charging
points, LED technology (Smart street lighting system)
 Waste management system – Comprehensive recycling and
composting programs (not only recycle cans and bottles but
also food waste)

 Mixed use and infill development – Combine public facilities
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(UTC)
 Quality public spaces – For walking, experiencing, social,
cultural exchange.
 Giant lift – Make easier to the residents who want travel to the
land.
Overall of Paraiso
Master Plan

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Perspective
Elevation

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Conclusion about the new “X” town –
PARAISO
Overall, Paraiso is a high-technology town which is a better livable
future town. It is able to overcome the overcrowded situation and
improve the sustainable so that it can last longer at the future.
Residents will have more spaces to live in and carry out their life
activities more comfort and convenience. They have enough place
for job, opportunity, business areas, commercial areas and urban
places to relax and enjoy their leisure time. Residents can carry their
lifestyle normally and their living standard will also be much
improved. Lastly, Paraiso made people comfort, save the mother
earth.
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Conclusion
After numerous weeks of researching regarding urban planning,
town layout and the city itself, the idea generation of the town
structure started hard as they are hard to fulfill other aspects as
zonings of the town need to be considered. In the end, I were
changed the structure of my future town several times.
Through all the research about the towns above, I learnt that the
priority of citizens is placed before everything. Other than that, to
achieve a future town, high-technology also must be taken into
account so that people can maintain a high level lifestyle and the
earth can be protect last longer. I know more about sustainability
and ways to make a town sustainable and comfortable to my
resident
This project is a good experience for me, I learn to be more alert
of the environment issues, understand the ideas and requirement of
sustainability. Through those elements, the town can be improved as
well.
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Reference s Link
http://io9.com/gorgeous-concept-designs-for-underwater-cities-492111757
http://inhabitat.com/the-gyre-a-floating-upside-down-eco-skyscraper/
http://www.australiandesignreview.com/features/1719-venice-biennale-ocean-city
http://www.evolo.us/competition/lady-landfill-skyscraper/
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http://www.newcolonist.com/topten2.html
http://fnbe0414joycewee.blogspot.com/2014/08/enbe-final-project.html
http://www.babylonclub.ca/
http://www.visitoslo.com/en/articles/history/
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tokyo.aspx
http://bikeleague.org/futurebike
http://www.motortrend.com/future/

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